WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Epidemiologic review of marijuana use and cancer risk	2005	Zhang, Z.-F., Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, 71-225 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Alcohol Periodical, Abbrev. Alcohol Pub Date Free Form / Volume 35 Issue 3 Start Page 265 Other Pages 275 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0741-8329 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Marijuana is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States and is considered by young adults to be the illicit drug with the least risk. On the other hand, marijuana smoke contains several of the same carcinogens and co-carcinogens as the tar from tobacco, raising concerns that smoking of marijuana may be a risk factor for tobacco-related cancers. We reviewed two cohort studies and 14 case-control studies with assessment of the association of marijuana use and cancer risk. In the cohort studies, increased risks of lung or colorectal cancer due to marijuana smoking were not observed, but increased risks of prostate and cervical cancers among non-tobacco smokers, as well as adult-onset glioma among tobacco and non-tobacco smokers, were observed. The 14 case-control studies included four studies on head and neck cancers, two studies on lung cancer, two studies on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, one study on anal cancer, one study on penile cancer, and four studies on childhood cancers with assessment of parental exposures. Zhang and colleagues reported that marijuana use may increase risk of head and neck cancers in a hospital-based case-control study in the United States, with dose-response relations for both frequency and duration of use. However, Rosenblatt and co-workers reported no association between oral cancer and marijuana use in a population-based case-control study. An eightfold increase in risk among marijuana users was observed in a lung cancer study in Tunisia. However, there was no assessment of the dose response, and marijuana may have been mixed with tobacco. Parental marijuana use during gestation was associated with increased risks of childhood leukemia, astrocytoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma, but dose-response relations were not assessed. In summary, sufficient studies are not available to adequately evaluate marijuana impact on cancer risk. Several limitations of previous studies include possible underreporting where marijuana use is illegal, small sample sizes, and too few heavy marijuana users in the study sample. Recommendations for future studies are to (1) focus on tobacco-related cancer sites; (2) obtain detailed marijuana exposure assessment, including frequency, duration, and amount of personal use as well as mode of use (smoked in a cigarette, pipe, or bong; taken orally); (3) adjust for tobacco smoking and conduct analyses on nonusers of tobacco; and (4) conduct larger studies, meta-analyses, or pooled analyses to maximize statistical precision and investigate sources of differences in results. Despite the challenges, elucidation of the association between marijuana use and cancer risk is important in weighing the benefits and risks of medical marijuana use and to clarify the impact of marijuana use on public health. Â© 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Descriptors cannabis, accuracy, anus cancer, astrocytoma, behavior, neoplasm, cancer incidence, cancer risk, colorectal cancer, conference paper, dose response, head and neck cancer, human, leukemia, lifestyle, lung cancer, nonhodgkin lymphoma, penis cancer, pregnancy, prostate cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, risk benefit analysis, smoking, statistical analysis, Tunisia, United States, uterine cervix cancer Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Hashibe,M., Straif,K., Tashkin,D. P., Morgenstern,H., Greenland,S., Zhang,Z. -F Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Solid-phase microextraction measurement of parent and alkyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milliliter sediment pore water samples and determination of K(DOC) values	2005	Energy and Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA. shawthorne@undeerc.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental science & technology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 15-Apr Volume 39 Issue 8 Start Page 2795 Other Pages 2803 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 0213155; 0 (Benzopyrenes); 0 (Colloids); 0 (Fluorenes); 0 (Organic Chemicals); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 360UOL779Z (fluoranthene); 7440-44-0 (Carbon); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0013-936X; 0013-936X Accession Number PMID: 15884378 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15884378 Abstract The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) narcosis model for benthic organisms in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated sediments requires the measurement of 18 parent PAHs and 16 groups of alkyl PAHs ("34" PAHs) in pore water with desired detection limits as low as nanograms per liter. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/ MS) analysis can achieve such detection limits in small water samples, which greatly reduces the quantity of sediment pore water that has to be collected, shipped, stored, and prepared for analysis. Four sediments that ranged from urban background levels (50 mg/kg total "34" PAHs) to highly contaminated (10 000 mg/kg total PAHs) were used to develop SPME methodology for the "34" PAH determinations with only 1.5 mL of pore water per analysis. Pore water was obtained by centrifuging the wet sediment, and alum flocculation was used to remove colloids. Quantitative calibration was simplified by adding 15 two- to six-ring perdeuterated PAHs as internal standards to the water calibration standards and the pore water samples. Response factors for SPME followed by GC/MS were measured for 22 alkyl PAHs compared to their parent PAHs and used to calibrate for the 18 groups of alkyl PAHs. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranging from 4 to 27 mg/L had no measurable effect on the freely dissolved concentrations of two- and three-ring PAHs. In contrast, 5-80% of the total dissolved four- to six-ring PAHs were associated with the DOC rather than being freely dissolved, corresponding to DOC/water partitioning coefficients (K(DOC)) with log K(DOC) values ranging from 4.1 (for fluoranthene) to 5.6 (for benzo[ghi]perylene). However, DOC-associated versus freely dissolved PAHs had no significant effect on the total "34" PAH concentrations or the sum of the "toxic units" (calculated bythe EPA protocol), since virtually all (86-99%) of the dissolved PAH concentrations and toxic units were contributed by two- and three-ring PAHs. Descriptors Benzopyrenes/analysis, Calibration, Carbon/analysis, Colloids/isolation & purification, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Flocculation, Fluorenes/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Geologic Sediments/analysis/chemistry, Nanotechnology, Organic Chemicals/analysis, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Porosity, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hawthorne,S. B., Grabanski,C. B., Miller,D. J., Kreitinger,J. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Osteogenic protein-1 for long bone nonunion: an evidence-based analysis	2005		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ontario health technology assessment series Periodical, Abbrev. Ont.Health.Technol.Assess.Ser. Pub Date Free Form Volume 5 Issue 6 Start Page 1 Other Pages 57 Notes LR: 20151026; JID: 101521610; OID: NLM: PMC3382627; 2005/04/01 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1915-7398; 1915-7398 Accession Number PMID: 23074475 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23074475 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) for long bone nonunion. CLINICAL NEED: Although most fractures heal within a normal period, about 5% to 10% do not heal and are classified as delayed or nonunion fractures. Nonunion and segmental bone loss after fracture, reconstructive surgery, or lesion excision can present complex orthopedic problems, and the multiple surgical procedures often needed are associated with patient morbidity and reduced quality of life. Many factors contribute to the pathogenesis of a delayed union or nonunion fractures, including deficiencies of calcium, vitamin D, or vitamin C, and side effects of medications such as anticoagulants, steroids, some anti-inflammatory drugs, and radiation. It has been shown that smoking interferes with bone repair in several ways. INCIDENCE OF NONUNION AND DELAYED UNION CASES: An estimated 5% to 10% of fractures do not heal properly and go on to delayed union or nonunion. If this overall estimate of incidence were applied to the Ontario population, the estimated number of delayed union or nonunion in the province would be between 3,863 and 7,725. TREATMENT OF NONUNION CASES: The treatment of nonunion cases is a challenge to orthopedic surgeons. However, the basic principle behind treatment is to provide both mechanical and biological support to the nonunion site. Fracture stabilization and immobilization is frequently used with the other treatment modalities that provide biological support to the fractured bone. Biological support includes materials that could be served as a source of osteogenic cells (osteogenesis), a stimulator of mesenchymal cells (osteoinduction), or a scaffold-like structure (osteoconduction). The capacity to heal a fracture is a latent potential of the stromal stem cells, which synthesize new bone. This process has been defined as osteogenesis. Activation of the stem cells to initiate osteogenic response and to differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts is called osteoinduction. These 2 properties accelerate the rate of fracture healing or reactivate the ineffective healing process. Osteoconduction occurs when passive structures facilitate the migration of osteoprogenitor cells, the perivascular tissue, and capillaries into these structures. BONE GRAFTS AND BONE GRAFT SUBSTITUTES: Bone graft and bone graft substitutes have one or more of the following components: Undifferentiated stem cellsGrowth factorsStructural latticeUndifferentiated stem cells are unspecialized, multipotential cells that can differentiate into a variety of specialized cells. They can also replicate themselves. The role of stem cells is to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are residing. A single stem cell can generate all cell types of that tissue. Bone marrow is a source of at least 2 kinds of stem cells. Hematopoietic stem cells that form all types of blood cells, and bone marrow stromal stem cells that have osteogenic properties and can generate bone, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. Bone marrow has been used to stimulate bone formation in bone defects and cases of nonunion fractures. Bone marrow can be aspirated from the iliac crest and injected percutaneously with fluoroscopic guidance into the site of the nonunion fracture. The effectiveness of this technique depends on the number and activity of stem cells in the aspirated bone marrow. It may be possible to increase the proliferation and speed differentiation of stem cells by exposing them to growth factor or by combining them with collagen. Many growth factors and cytokines induced in response to injury are believed to have a considerable role in the process of repair. Of the many bone growth factors studied, bone morphogenetics (BMPs) have generated the greatest attention because of their osteoinductive potential. The BMPs that have been most widely studied for their ability to induce bone regeneration in humans include BMP-2 and BMP-7 (osteogenic protein). Human osteogenic protein-1 (O Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Health Quality Ontario Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050401 PMCID PMC3382627 Editors
Evaluating the program of a smoking cessation support group for adult smokers: a longitudinal pilot study	2005	Department of Nursing, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan. chhuang@mail.cju.edu.tw	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The journal of nursing research : JNR Periodical, Abbrev. J.Nurs.Res. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 13 Issue 3 Start Page 197 Other Pages 205 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101128757; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); 9061-29-4 (Carboxyhemoglobin); ppublish Place of Publication China (Republic : 1949- ) ISSN/ISBN 1682-3141; 1682-3141 Accession Number PMID: 16237631 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM; N DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16237631 Abstract Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in Taiwan. In order to increase cessation rates among adult smokers, the Department of Health in Taiwan has begun providing financial support for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). However, therapies based on multiple interventions can lead to significantly higher cessation rates than NRT alone. This study develops and evaluates the outcomes of a smoking cessation program that provides a combination of physiological and psychological treatment in the context of a short-term support group. In this study, ten adult smokers were recruited by means of advertisements broadcast on local television over a seven-day period and one thousand flyers that advertised free assistance with quitting smoking. The smoking cessation support group was carried in Tainan County, in southern Taiwan. The three-month program consisted of three, monthly group sessions, free nicotine patches, telephone counseling by public health nurses, and telephone interviews by community health volunteers. Those participating in the group were encouraged to keep a record of all smoking behavior and its "triggers" in a diary, list the personal benefits of quitting, draw up a quitting contract, and enlist significant family members to monitor their quitting behavior. Participants were also trained in behavioral strategies to avoid smoking, including imagery rehearsal, relaxation techniques, exercise, and distraction. The outcome of the project was assessed by the following two criteria: (1) carbon monoxide (CO) level in the breath before and after the three-month program, as measured by percentage of carboxyhemoglobin (%COHB), and (2) the self-reported number of cigarettes smoked per month, taken at the outset of the three-month program, at the conclusion of the program, and six months after the termination of the program. The Wilcoxon signed-rank and Friedman tests respectively revealed that there were significant decreases both in the subjects' %COHB level at the 3-month data-point, and in the number of cigarettes smoked at one month from the pretest, at the 3-month test and at the 9-month follow-up test. At the 9-month follow-up, five of the ten participants (50%) were abstinent, and three (30%) had decreased cigarette consumption by at least 49% of their pretest levels. Eighty percent of participants had, therefore, changed their smoking behavior. These results demonstrate the promise of integrated smoking cessation therapy in a group support context and indicate the need to pursue implementation and evaluation of this type of therapy on a larger scale. Descriptors Administration, Cutaneous, Adult, Breath Tests, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Carboxyhemoglobin/metabolism, Cognitive Therapy/organization & administration, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Nicotine/therapeutic use, Nicotinic Agonists/therapeutic use, Nursing Evaluation Research, Patient Education as Topic/organization & administration, Pilot Projects, Program Evaluation, Public Health Nursing/organization & administration, Self-Help Groups/organization & administration, Smoking/blood/prevention & control/psychology, Smoking Cessation/methods/psychology, Taiwan, Treatment Outcome Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Huang,C. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Multi-route trihalomethane exposure in households using municipal tap water treated with chlorine or ozone-chlorine	2005	Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea. wkjo@knu.ac.kr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Science of the total environment Periodical, Abbrev. Sci.Total Environ. Pub Date Free Form 1-Mar Volume 339 Issue 3-Jan Start Page 143 Other Pages 152 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0330500; 0 (Trihalomethanes); 124-48-1 (chlorodibromomethane); 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); 66H7ZZK23N (Ozone); 7LN464CH2O (bromodichloromethane); 7V31YC746X (Chloroform); 2004/03/22 [received]; 2004/07/22 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0048-9697; 0048-9697 Accession Number PMID: 15740765 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0048-9697(04)00573-X [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15740765 Abstract In Korea, data for multi-route trihalomethane (THM) exposure in households using municipal tap water treated with ozone-chlorine or chlorine are unavailable or very limited. Accordingly, the present study was designed to obtain those data by measurements of the THM concentrations in the tap water and indoor and outdoor air in the two types of households, along with an estimation of THM exposure from water ingestion, showering, and the inhalation of indoor air. Chloroform was the most abundant THM in all three media, yet no bromoform was detected in any sample. Similar to previous findings, the winter chloroform concentration in tap water treated with chlorine (22.1 microg/l, median) was significantly higher than that in the tap water treated with ozone-chlorine (16.8 microg/l, median). However, the summer water chloroform concentrations and summer and winter water concentrations of the other two THMs (bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane) exhibited no significant difference between the chlorine and ozone-chlorine-treated water. It was suggested that the effects of the water parameters including biochemical oxygen demand of raw water entering water treatment plants should be considered when evaluating the advantage of ozone-chlorine disinfection for THM formation over chlorine disinfection. The indoor air THM concentration trend was also consistent with the water concentration trend. The indoor to outdoor air concentration ratios were comparable with previous studies. The THM exposure estimates from water ingestion, showering, and the inhalation of apartment indoor air when not in the shower suggested that, for residents living in the surveyed households, their exposure to THMs in the home was mostly associated with their household water uses. The THM exposure estimates from tap water ingestion were similar to those from showering. Descriptors Chlorine/chemistry, Chloroform/analysis, Cities, Disinfection, Environmental Exposure, Family Characteristics, Humans, Ozone/chemistry, Seasons, Trihalomethanes/analysis/toxicity, Water Purification/methods Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jo,W. K., Kwon,K. D., Dong,J. I., Chung,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Is maternal smoking more determinant than paternal smoking on the respiratory symptoms of young children?	2005	Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid 11, E-18012 Granada, Spain. djurado@ugr.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Respiratory medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Respir.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 99 Issue 9 Start Page 1138 Other Pages 1144 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8908438; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2004/10/25 [received]; 2005/03/23 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0954-6111; 0954-6111 Accession Number PMID: 16085215 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S0954-6111(05)00041-7 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16085215 Abstract BACKGROUND: It is generally accepted that maternal smoking has more detrimental effects than paternal smoking on the respiratory health of children. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of postnatal exposure due to the smoking behaviour by father and mother in the home, and prenatal exposure from maternal smoking during pregnancy, on the respiratory symptoms in children. METHODS: The parents of 484 children, aged 3-6 years, completed a questionnaire about smoking and respiratory symptoms in children. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associated factors with respiratory symptoms. RESULTS: The final model of logistic regression analysis showed that prenatal exposure by maternal smoking during pregnancy increased the risk of wheezing with colds (adjusted OR=2.00, 95% CI:1.13-3.55) with respect to those children whose mothers reported no smoking during pregnancy. Postnatal exposure by maternal smoking in the home, in the presence of the child, increased the risk of cough with phlegm (adjusted OR=2.79, 95% CI:1.23-6.30) with respect to those children whose mothers did not smoke in their presence. Paternal smoking was associated with wheezing and cough in the bivariate analysis, but did not remain significant in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results underline a greater influence of exposure to maternal smoking (prenatal and postnatal) than postnatal paternal smoking on the development of respiratory symptoms in young children. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects, Child, Child, Preschool, Common Cold/etiology, Cough/etiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Fathers, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Mothers, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Respiratory Sounds/etiology, Respiratory Tract Diseases/embryology/etiology, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jurado,D., Munoz,C., Luna Jde,D., Munoz-Hoyos,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050323 PMCID Editors
Bacterial community structure in kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable food, as revealed by 16S rRNA gene analysis	2005	School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 56-1 Shillim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 15-Aug Volume 103 Issue 1 Start Page 91 Other Pages 96 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8412849; 0 (RNA, Bacterial); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 2004/03/30 [received]; 2004/06/04 [revised]; 2004/11/25 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0168-1605; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 16084269 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0168-1605(05)00076-0 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16084269 Abstract Kimchi is a traditional Korean food fermented from a variety of vegetables. We elucidated the microbial community structure of five commercially produced kimchis made from Chinese cabbage by examining culture-independent 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Most of the clones (347 out of 348) belonged to lactic acid bacteria and included several species of the genera Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Weissella. Weissella koreensis was found in all the samples and predominated in three of them (42.6-82%). Leuconostoc gelidum, Leuconostoc gasicomitatum and Lactobacillus sakei were common in the remaining kimchi clone libraries (>34%). The composition of bacterial phylotypes in kimchi varied between samples. Our approach revealed different community structures from those reported in previous culture-dependent studies based on phenotypic identification methods. The culture-independent method used here proved to be efficient and accurate and showed that the bacterial communities in kimchi differ from those in other fermented vegetable foods. Descriptors Base Sequence, Brassica/microbiology, Colony Count, Microbial, Fermentation, Korea, Lactobacillus/classification/isolation & purification, Leuconostoc/classification/isolation & purification, Phylogeny, RNA, Bacterial/analysis, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis, Species Specificity Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kim,M., Chun,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Water-pipe (narghile) smoking: an emerging health risk behavior	2005		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatrics Pub Date Free Form Volume 116 Issue 1 Start Page e113 Other Pages 9 Notes ID: 15995011 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Narghile, or water-pipe smoking (WPS), has been practiced extensively for approximately 400 years. It is common in the Arabian Peninsula, Turkey, India, Pakistan, and other countries. In recent years, there has been a revival of WPS, notably among youth. Most US health professionals are unfamiliar with the practice and health consequences of WPS. Therefore, this trend presents a new challenge for adolescent health care providers. The composition of the tobacco used in WPS is variable and not well standardized. Studies that have examined narghile smokers and the aerosol of narghile smoke have reported high concentrations of carbon monoxide, nicotine, "tar," and heavy metals. These concentrations were as high or higher than those among cigarette smokers. The few scientific data regarding the adverse health consequences of WPS point to dangers that are similar to those associated with cigarette smoking: malignancy, impaired pulmonary function, low birth weight, and others. Additional dangers not encountered with cigarette smoking are infectious diseases resulting from pipe sharing and the frequent addition of alcohol or psychoactive drugs to the tobacco. Public health strategies for controlling the emerging epidemic of WPS include carrying out epidemiologic and toxicologic research; implementation of laws to limit acquisition and use; and health education, targeting adolescents in particular. Descriptors Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco/chemistry, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Asia, Western/epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle East/epidemiology, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/epidemiology Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-15995011 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Knishkowy,Barry, Amitai,Yona Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Differences in ERK activation in squamous mucosa in patients who have gastroesophageal reflux disease with and without Barrett's esophagus	2005	Department of Medicine, Dallas VA Medical Center, University of Texas-Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 100 Issue 3 Start Page 551 Other Pages 559 Notes LR: 20150923; GR: DK63621/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: HL61897/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: HL67256/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DK063621/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HL061897/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HL0 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0002-9270; 0002-9270 Accession Number PMID: 15743351 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI AJG41122 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15743351 Abstract OBJECTIVES: In some patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the reflux-damaged esophageal squamous epithelium heals through the process of intestinal metaplasia (resulting in Barrett's esophagus) rather than through the regeneration of more squamous cells. We hypothesized that squamous epithelium in Barrett's esophagus might have abnormalities in activation of the extracellular-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway that may facilitate esophageal repair through metaplasia in response to acid-induced injury. METHODS: Endoscopic biopsies were taken from distal esophageal squamous mucosa in patients who had GERD with and without Barrett's esophagus and in controls, before and after esophageal perfusion with 0.1 N HCl acid. Basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation, acid-induced ERK1/2 activity and phosphorylation, and localization of phosphorylated ERK1/2 were determined using immunoblotting, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared to patients with Barrett's esophagus, patients with GERD exhibited significantly lower baseline levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 expression (35 +/- 4%vs 90 +/- 21% control, p= 0.01) Acid exposure significantly increased ERK1/2 activity (346.6 +/- 51.90 to 446.8 +/- 62.44 RIU, p= 0.02) and phosphorylation (3.55 +/- 1.26 to 4.49 +/- 1.25 [ratio phospho/total ERK], p= 0.01) in the squamous mucosa of GERD patients, but not in those with Barrett's esophagus or in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Between patients with Barrett's esophagus and patients with uncomplicated GERD, there are significant differences in baseline levels and in acid-induced activation of ERK1/2 in esophageal squamous epithelium. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a molecular, phenotypic feature that distinguishes the esophageal squamous mucosa of GERD patients with and without Barrett's esophagus. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Barrett Esophagus/complications/enzymology, Biopsy, Blotting, Western, Enzyme Activation, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/enzymology, Humans, Immunoblotting, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Metaplasia, Middle Aged, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism, Mucous Membrane/enzymology, Phosphorylation, Signal Transduction/physiology, Tissue Distribution Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Souza,R. F., Shewmake,K. L., Shen,Y., Ramirez,R. D., Bullock,J. S., Hladik,C. L., Lee,E. L., Terada,L. S., Spechler,S. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation	2005	Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford University, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, UK, OX3 7LF. lindsay.stead@dphpc.ox.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 18-Apr Volume -2 Issue 2 Start Page CD001007 Other Pages Notes LR: 20130628; JID: 100909747; RF: 117; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 15846610 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD001007.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15846610 Abstract BACKGROUND: Group therapy offers individuals the opportunity to learn behavioural techniques for smoking cessation, and to provide each other with mutual support. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the effects of smoking cessation programmes delivered in a group format compared to self-help materials, or to no intervention; to compare the effectiveness of group therapy and individual counselling; and to determine the effect of adding group therapy to advice from a health professional or to nicotine replacement. We also aimed to determine whether specific components increased the effectiveness of group therapy. We aimed to determine the rate at which offers of group therapy are taken up. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Trials Register, with additional searches of MEDLINE and PsycINFO, including the terms behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, psychotherapy or group therapy, in January 2005. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered randomized trials that compared group therapy with self help, individual counselling, another intervention or no intervention (including usual care or a waiting list control). We also considered trials that compared more than one group programme. We included those trials with a minimum of two group meetings, and follow up of smoking status at least six months after the start of the programme. We excluded trials in which group therapy was provided to both active therapy and placebo arms of trials of pharmacotherapies, unless they had a factorial design. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data in duplicate on the participants, the interventions provided to the groups and the controls, including programme length, intensity and main components, the outcome measures, method of randomization, and completeness of follow up. The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow up in patients smoking at baseline. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence in each trial, and biochemically validated rates where available. Subjects lost to follow up were analyzed as continuing smokers. Where possible, we performed meta-analysis using a fixed-effects (Mantel-Haenszel) model. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 55 trials met inclusion criteria for one or more of the comparisons in the review. Sixteen studies compared a group programme with a self-help programme. There was an increase in cessation with the use of a group programme (N = 4395, odds ratio (OR) 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60 to 2.60). Group programmes were more effective than no intervention controls (seven trials, N = 815, OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.37 to 3.45). There was no evidence that group therapy was more effective than a similar intensity of individual counselling. There was limited evidence that the addition of group therapy to other forms of treatment, such as advice from a health professional or nicotine replacement, produced extra benefit. There was variation in the extent to which those offered group therapy accepted the treatment. There was limited evidence that programmes which included components for increasing cognitive and behavioural skills and avoiding relapse were more effective than same length or shorter programmes without these components. This analysis was sensitive to the way in which one study with multiple conditions was included. We did not find an effect of manipulating the social interactions between participants in a group programme on outcome. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Group therapy is better for helping people stop smoking than self help, and other less intensive interventions. There is not enough evidence to evaluate whether groups are more effective, or cost-effective, than intensive individual counselling. There is not enough evidence to support the use of particular psychological components in a programme beyond the support and skills training normally included. Descriptors Behavior Therapy/methods, Humans, Program Evaluation, Psychotherapy, Group, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stead,L. F., Lancaster,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050418 PMCID Editors

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