WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Development and process evaluation of a web-based smoking cessation program for college smokers: innovative tool for education	2004	Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1525 Clifton Road, Room 105, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. cescoff@sph.emory.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Patient education and counseling Periodical, Abbrev. Patient Educ.Couns. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 53 Issue 2 Start Page 217 Other Pages 225 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: DA14396-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8406280; 2002/12/13 [received]; 2003/04/23 [revised]; 2003/05/05 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 0738-3991; 0738-3991 Accession Number PMID: 15140462 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; N DOI 10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00163-0 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15140462 Abstract Smoking cessation interventions are needed for young adults. Innovative approaches to behavior change for this population should be tested. Formative research and process evaluation of those approaches would result in more effective programs. This paper presents the development process and process evaluation of a web-based smoking cessation program. A description of the stages of development is presented with formative research, development of the web-based intervention, formative evaluation, and process evaluation. The smokers reported high usage of the intervention and satisfaction with the intervention in that it helped to raise their consciousness about quitting, encouraged them to set behavioral goals, provided stages of change feedback, and offered interactivity in presenting information and strategies about quitting. The Internet may be a promising tool for patient education according to the process results. Descriptors Adult, Attitude to Health, Computer-Assisted Instruction/methods, Feasibility Studies, Female, Focus Groups, Follow-Up Studies, Goals, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Internet/organization & administration, Male, Needs Assessment, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Patient Education as Topic/methods, Program Evaluation, Smoking/prevention & control/psychology, Smoking Cessation/methods/psychology, Southeastern United States, Students/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Universities Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Escoffery,C., McCormick,L., Bateman,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease in patient without HIV infection	2004	Field, S.K., Health Science Centre, Calgary, Alta. T2N 4N1, Canada	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chest Periodical, Abbrev. Chest Pub Date Free Form / Volume 126 Issue 2 Start Page 566 Other Pages 581 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0012-3692 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is ubiquitous. It is found in various freshwater and saltwater sources around the world, including hot water pipes. Although the organism was identified in the 1890s, its potential to cause human disease was only recognized 50 years later. Only a minority of people exposed to the organism will acquire MAC lung disease, usually those with underlying lung disease or immunosuppression. MAC may, however, cause progressive parenchymal lung disease and bronchiectasis in patients without underlying lung disease, particularly in middle-aged and elderly women. Preliminary data suggest that the interferon-Î³ pathways may be deficient in elderly women with MAC lung disease. Other groups of patients who are more likely to harbor MAC in their lungs include patients with a cystic fibrosis or an abnormal Î±1-antiproteinase gene and patients with certain chest wal abnormalities. Treatment results continue to be disappointing, and the mortality of patients with MAC lung disease remains high. A PubMed search identified 38 reports of the treatment of MAC lung disease. Apart from the British Thoracic Society study, the only published controlled investigation, the studies published since 1994 have included a macrolide, either clarithromycin or azithromycin, usually in combination with ethambutol and a rifamycin. If success is defined as eradication of the organism without relapse over a period of several years after treatment has been discontinued, the reported treatment success rate with the macrolide containing regimens is approximately 55%. The prolonged treatment period, side effects, and possibly reinfection rather than relapse are responsible for the high failure rate. Descriptors alpha 1 antitrypsin, antibiotic agent, azithromycin, capreomycin, clarithromycin, clofazimine, cycloserine, ethambutol, ethionamide, fresh water, gamma interferon, hot water, isoniazid, minocycline, ofloxacin, rifabutin, rifampicin, rifamycin, sea water, streptomycin, bronchiectasis, clinical feature, computer assisted tomography, cystic fibrosis, disease association, disease course, human, Human immunodeficiency virus infection, lung disease, medical literature, medical society, Mycobacterium avium complex, priority journal, relapse, review, skin test, thorax deformity, thorax radiography Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Field,S. K., Fisher,D., Cowie,R. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Toxicity of Sb and Cu in sewage sludge to terrestrial plants (lettuce, oat, radish), and of sludge elutriate to aquatic organisms (Daphnia and Lemna) and its interaction	2004	FjÃ¤llborg, B., Dept. of Appl. Environmental Science, GÃ¶teborg University, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water, air, and soil pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Water Air Soil Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 2004/ Volume 155 Issue 4-Jan Start Page 3 Other Pages 20 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0049-6979 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Antimony (Sb) and Copper (Cu) are two metals of major concern in sewage sludge. Antimony because its use in society is increasing and this might lead to increased Sb concentrations in sludge. Copper because its total volume in use in society is large and because of corrosion from water pipes it is most difficult to reduce the Cu concentrations in sludge. Fresh digested sewage sludge was spiked with Cu or Sb and the sludge was cultivated with oat (Avena sativa), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) or radish (Raphanus sativus). Elutriates from the cultivated sludge were tested for toxicity with Lemna minor (7-d growth) and Daphnia magna (48 h immobility). Before cultivation the elutriates were toxic to Lemna and Daphnia due to high concentrations of ammonia (NH3) and nitrite (NO2-). Cultivation decreased the concentrations of both NH3 and NO2-, thereby reducing the impact of these compounds in the toxicity tests. Cultivation also decreased the metal concentrations and pH. Daphnia magna was the most sensitive test organism in this study with a 48 h EC50 of 1130 mg Cu kg-1 dry wt and 5 mg Sb kg-1 dry wt in elutriates from sludge cultivated with oat. In sludge cultivated with radish the 48 h EC50 was 1700 mg Cu kg-1 dry wt and 22 mg Sb kg-1 dry wt. The effect of Cu could be predicted by pH and Cu concentration in the elutriate, but the effect of Sb could not solely be explained by its concentration in the elutriate. Descriptors antimony, copper, ammonia formation, article, concentration (parameters), corrosion, Daphnia, dry deposition, dry weight, elution, lettuce, municipal solid waste, oat, pH measurement, radish, sludge digestion, sludge disposal, sludge treatment, toxicity testing Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors FjÃ¤llborg,B., Dave,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Severe vertigo after a scuba-dive to 29 meters	2004	Ratisches Kantons- und Regionalspital, Departement ORL, Chur.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Praxis Periodical, Abbrev. Praxis (Bern 1994) Pub Date Free Form 28-Apr Volume 93 Issue 18 Start Page 775 Other Pages 777 Notes LR: 20080610; JID: 101468093; ppublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1661-8157; 1661-8157 Accession Number PMID: 15171513 Language ger SubFile Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1024/0369-8394.93.18.775 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15171513 Abstract A 27-year-old flight instructor experienced 5 to 10 minutes after a scuba-dive to 29 m, which lasted totally 50 minutes, dizziness, nausea and severe vertigo. The symptoms lasted about an hour. The patient vomited several times and noted sudden onset headache and vertigo lasting the following three days. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was started 30 hours after the event because decompression sickness was suspected. Transthoracic echocardiographic evaluation showed a patent foramen ovale. Diving accidents may be caused by decompression sickness, the formation of a free intravascular gas phase (bubbles) may result in transatrial shunting in the presence of a patent foramen ovale and may lead to neurological signs and symptoms. In this context the diver was advised to undergo closure of the atrial septal defect. Five months after the incident the patient underwent successful transcatheter occlusion of the PFO. Descriptors Adult, Decompression Sickness/diagnosis/etiology, Diagnosis, Differential, Diving/adverse effects, Humans, Male, Meniere Disease/diagnosis/etiology, Vertigo/etiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Frigg,C., Stepanek,J., Gmur,A. Original/Translated Title Der PRAXIS-Fall. Starker Schwindel nach einem Tauchgang in 29 Meter Tiefe URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Nicotine content in tobacco used in hubble-bubble smoking	2004	Hadidi, K.A., Forensic Med./Toxicology Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Saudi medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. Saudi Med.J. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 25 Issue 7 Start Page 912 Other Pages 917 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0379-5284 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objective: To determine the nicotine content of commonly used tobacco in hubble-bubble (HB) and compare it with that found in cigarettes. Methods: Analysis of nicotine content of 13 commercial brands of HB tobacco was carried out using gas chromatography over an 8 month period; November 2002 through to June 2003 at the Toxicology Laboratory, University of Jordan. Results: A wide variation in nicotine content in all brands was noticed with an average of 8.32 mg/g tobacco, range (1.8-44.3 mg/g). The average nicotine content in each HB head (20 gm) of unflavored tobacco was (713mg/head) and flavored tobacco has (67mg/head). One head of unflavored tobacco has nicotine equivalent to 70 regular cigarettes. The addition of adulterations; honey, glycerin and other flavors in the process of preparing the flavored (Mua'sel) tobacco contributes to lowering the nicotine content in each gram of flavored tobacco. Smoking one head of flavored (Mua'sel) tobacco which contains on average one third of nicotine presented in 20 cigarettes (204mg/pack) usually resulted in a higher plasma nicotine level by 20%. Conclusion: Hubble-bubble smokers are not at a lesser risk from smoking than cigarette smokers in relation to nicotine dependence. The inability of water to trap significant amounts of chemical substances present in tobacco (especially nicotine) and the danger which might result from the combustion of additives like; glycerin, honey and other flavors could be a very important factor to extrapolate the damage resulting from HB smoking. Descriptors flavoring agent, glycerol, nicotine, article, blood level, chemical analysis, chemical composition, smoking, clinical laboratory, combustion, controlled study, flavor, gas chromatography, honey, Jordan, risk assessment, tobacco dependence, toxicology, university Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Hadidi,K. A., Mohammed,F. I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Online analysis of volatile organic compound emissions from Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)	2004	Hewitt, C.N., Inst. of Environ. and Nat. Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tree physiology Periodical, Abbrev. Tree Physiol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 24 Issue 7 Start Page 721 Other Pages 728 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0829-318X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Bong.) growing in a range of controlled light and temperature regimes were monitored online with a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) operating at a temporal resolution of âˆ¼1 min. Isoprene emissions accounted for an average of more than 70% of measured VOCs and up to 3.5% of assimilated carbon. Emission rates (E) for isoprene correlated closely with photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) and temperature, showing saturation at a PPF of between 300 and 400 Î¼mol m-2 s-1 and a maximum between 35 and 38Â°C. Under standard conditions of 30Â°C and 1000 Î¼mol m -2 s-1 PPF, the mean isoprene E was 13 Î¼g g dm-1 h-1, considerably higher than previously observed in this species. Mean E for acetaldehyde, methanol and monoterpenes at 30Â°C were 0.37, 0.78 and 2.97 Î¼g gdm-1 h -1, respectively. In response to a sudden light to dark transition, isoprene E decreased exponentially by > 98% over about 3 h; however, during the first 7 min, this otherwise steady decay was temporarily but immediately depressed to âˆ¼40% of the pre-darkness rate, before rallying during the following 7 min to rejoin the general downward trajectory of the exponential decay. The sudden sharp fall in isoprene E was mirrored by a burst in acetaldehyde E. The acetaldehyde E maximum coincided with the isoprene E minimum (7 min post-illumination), and ceased when isoprene emissions resumed their exponential decay. The causes of, and linkages between, these phenomena were investigated. Descriptors 1,3 butadiene derivative, acetaldehyde, hemiterpene, isoprene, methanol, pentane, terpene, article, light, mass spectrometry, metabolism, physiology, spruce, temperature, tree Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Hayward,S., Tani,A., Owen,S. M., Hewitt,C. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Self-reported prevalence and risk factors of asthma among Korean adolescents: 5-year follow-up study, 1995-2000	2004	Department of Pediatrics, Ulsan University, Seoul, Korea.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology Periodical, Abbrev. Clin.Exp.Allergy Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 34 Issue 10 Start Page 1556 Other Pages 1562 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8906443; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0954-7894; 0954-7894 Accession Number PMID: 15479270 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI CEA2084 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15479270 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaires have shown that the prevalence of childhood asthma is increasing worldwide. Although Asian countries used to have lower prevalence rates of allergic disease than Western countries, this prevalence is increasing in several Asian countries. To determine whether the prevalence of childhood asthma is changing in Korean adolescents, we compared findings from nationwide cross-sectional surveys in 1995 and 2000 on populations of middle-school children using the Korean version of the ISAAC questionnaire. METHODS: We developed Korean versions of the ISAAC written (WQ) and video (AVQ) questionnaires for allergic diseases. In 1995, the enrolled population consisted of 15,481 children, ages 12-15, and encompassing all three grades in middle school, selected from 34 schools across the nation; the response rate was 97.3%. In 2000, 15,894 children were selected from 31 of the same schools, and the response rate was 96.4%. The SAS system version 8.0 was utilized for all statistical analyses. RESULTS: The WQ showed that the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of wheeze did not change from 1995 to 2000. While the 12-month prevalence rates of sleep disturbed by wheezing and night cough increased, the rates of severe attack of wheezing and exercise-induced wheeze did not change, over this period of time. The lifetime prevalence of asthma diagnosis, however, increased significantly, from 2.7% in 1995 to 5.3% in 2000, as did the 12-month prevalence of asthma treatment, from 1.0% in 1995 to 1.9% in 2000. The AVQ also showed increases in the lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of wheeze at rest, exercise-induced wheeze, nocturnal wheeze, nocturnal cough, and severe wheeze over this period of time. These were especially because of significant increases in the Provincial cities of Korea. Interestingly, the 12-month prevalence of wheeze was consistently high in Cheju with low air pollution indices, whereas this rate was low in Ulsan and Ansan with very high air pollution indices. Risk factor analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), passive smoking, and living with a dog or cat, but not air pollution, were associated with higher risk of wheeze. CONCLUSIONS: In the 5-year period from 1995 to 2000, the prevalence of asthma symptoms has increased in Korean adolescents, much of it because of increases in Provincial Centers. BMI, passive smoking, and living with a dog or cat are important risk factors. Environmental factors other than air pollution may be associated with increases in asthma, especially in Provincial Centers. Descriptors Adolescent, Age Distribution, Asthma/epidemiology/physiopathology, Body Mass Index, Body Weight/physiology, Child, Exercise/physiology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Korea/epidemiology, Male, Prevalence, Respiratory Sounds/etiology, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hong,S. J., Lee,M. S., Sohn,M. H., Shim,J. Y., Han,Y. S., Park,K. S., Ahn,Y. M., Son,B. K., Lee,H. B., Korean ISAAC Study Group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Review article: Barrett's oesophagus and carcinoma in Japan	2004	Department of Comprehensive Medicine and Psychosomatic Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan. m-hongo@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Periodical, Abbrev. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 20 Suppl 8 Issue Start Page 50 Other Pages 54 Notes LR: 20051116; JID: 8707234; RF: 31; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0269-2813; 0269-2813 Accession Number PMID: 15575874 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI APT2230 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15575874 Abstract In Asia, oesophageal diseases, such as Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal carcinoma, have traditionally been less common than in America and Europe. In recent years, however, the number of reported cases of these conditions in Japan has increased. Two large prospective studies, the Sendai Barrett's Esophagus Study (S-BEST) and the Far East Study (FEST), on the geographic prevalence of Barrett's oesophagus, have recently investigated the epidemiology of Barrett's oesophagus in Japan. Results from both studies showed that overall prevalence of the condition is lower than in the West: 0.9-1.2% in Japan compared with 1-4% in Europe and 5-12% in USA. Similar to the situation in the West, the condition was shown to be most prevalent in elderly male patients and least prevalent in patients with Helicobacter pylori. Adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus is still rare in this region, although there has been an increase in the annual death rate from 3.7 (1960) to 6.9 (1995) per 100,000 population. Risk factors for oesophageal carcinoma include a strong association with the prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). With the increasing prevalence of GERD in the Japanese population, continued surveillance of changes in the epidemiology of columnar-lined oesophagus (a precursor of Barrett's oesophagus), Barrett's oesophagus and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus is strongly recommended. Descriptors Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology/pathology, Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology/pathology, Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology, Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology/pathology, Humans, Japan/epidemiology, Prevalence Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hongo,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
RF ablation of intestinal metaplasia (Barrett esophagus)	2004		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Conference proceedings : ...Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.Annual Conference Periodical, Abbrev. Conf.Proc.IEEE Eng.Med.Biol.Soc. Pub Date Free Form Volume 7 Issue Start Page 5128 Other Pages Notes LR: 20140821; JID: 101243413; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1557-170X; 1557-170X Accession Number PMID: 17271477 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1109/IEMBS.2004.1404421 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17271477 Abstract Esophageal intestinal metaplasia, otherwise known as Barrett's Esophagus, is a pre-cancerous condition that afflicts over 1 million Americans annually. Barrett's Esophagus is caused by chronic esophageal exposure to stomach acid which can occur in patients afflicted with Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). The lining of the esophagus undergoes a metaplastic change, from normal squamous cell epithelium to columnar cell epithelium. Over time, this condition can progress to dysplasia and ultimately to adenocarcinoma. Currently, there are no widely practiced therapies for Barrett's Esophagus. Patients diagnosed with this disease are routinely screened to ensure do not have cancer, yet. It has been shown that if the GERD is controlled (i.e. a normal esophageal pH is maintained) and the metaplastic lining of the esophagus is carefully removed, i.e. no damage to underlying tissues), the normal squamous epithelial cells will repopulate the esophagus. A system has been designed to couple radiofrequency (RF) energy to the epithelial lining of the esophagus to effectively ablate the metaplastic cells and allow normal squamous cell repopulation. The design principles of this system and the resulting effects are the subject of this presentation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jackson,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Review article: management of oesophageal adenocarcinoma -- control of acid, bile and inflammation in intervention strategies for Barrett's oesophagus	2004	Digestion Diseases Centre, Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK. j.jankowski@le.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Periodical, Abbrev. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 20 Suppl 5 Issue Start Page 71 Other Pages 80; discussion 95-6 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8707234; 0 (Gastrointestinal Agents); RF: 82; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0269-2813; 0269-2813 Accession Number PMID: 15456468 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02143.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15456468 Abstract Oesophagitis is associated with Barrett's metaplasia in about 10% of individuals. The UK has one of the highest world-wide prevalences of Barrett's metaplasia, with 1% of adults having the condition, resulting in an incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma two to three times that seen in either Europe or North America. In addition, the conversion rate to cancer in individuals with Barrett's metaplasia in UK surveillance programmes is twice that observed in the USA (0.96% per year vs. 0.4% per year), lending further support to the notion that the UK is a high-risk region. The evidence base on what can be achieved with medical therapy to reduce the risk of dysplasia or the development of adenocarcinoma needs to be strengthened with data from randomized controlled trials, as existing data have many limitations. Patients with Barrett's metaplasia respond variably to proton pump inhibitor therapy (even high-dose therapy 'normalizes' acid reflux in only 85% of cases), and symptom control is a poor determinant of the adequacy of suppression of acid reflux. Gastro-oesophageal reflux is implicated in the pathogenesis of Barrett's metaplasia, and ex vivo and in vitro evidence suggests that its attenuation reverses proliferation and biological variables over days, and perhaps the metaplastic histology to a degree over years. The effect of proton pump inhibitor therapy on cancer risk in the long term is essentially unknown. Acid suppressant therapy or anti-reflux surgery on its own does not result in the complete regression of the metaplastic epithelium. Bile acids, present especially frequently in the refluxate of Barrett's oesophagus patients, are also likely to influence the development and persistence of metaplasia. Barrett's metaplasia is replaced by a squamous epithelium when acid reflux is well controlled and the epithelium is physically destroyed by ablation with argon plasma coagulation or photodynamic therapy. These modalities are invasive and are not likely to be useful in the routine management of patients with Barrett's oesophagus without dysplasia or cancer. Why metaplasia does not fully regress once external initiating stimuli are removed is a mystery. There is some evidence to implicate a variety of molecules, including cyclo-oxygenase-2, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, beta-catenin nuclear translocation and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling, because they are expressed preferentially in metaplastic rather than normal or inflamed squamous oesophageal mucosa. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin, is associated with a decreased incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. There is therefore a great need for randomized controlled trials to assess the outcomes of such chemopreventive therapy in patients with Barrett's metaplasia. Descriptors Barrett Esophagus/prevention & control, Bile/secretion, Chemoprevention/methods, Drug Costs, Esophageal Neoplasms/prevention & control, Esophagitis/prevention & control, Gastroesophageal Reflux/prevention & control, Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use, Humans, Risk Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jankowski,J. A., Anderson,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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