WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Changing epidemiology of smoking: Barcelona, 2000-2001	2004	Agencia de Salut Publica de Barcelona. jrvillal@aspd.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Revista clinica espanola Periodical, Abbrev. Rev.Clin.Esp. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 204 Issue 6 Start Page 312 Other Pages 316 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8608576; ppublish Place of Publication Spain ISSN/ISBN 0014-2565; 0014-2565 Accession Number PMID: 15171893 Language spa SubFile Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI 13062270 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15171893 Abstract CONTEXT: In recent years various initiatives of prevention and social changes have been carried out that should have an effect on epidemiology of smoking in our area. Their real effect is little known, however, because of methodological changes in the existing population surveys. In this work the data on smoking in the last city of Barcelona health survey (ESBA 2000-01) are analyzed, with reference to the cumulative information obtained along 18 years from the first survey in 1983. METHOD: ESBA 2000-01 is an interview health survey carried out on a weighted sample with 10,030 people. Data relative to tobacco use are showed for people 15-year-old or older included in the survey, stratified by age, sex, and class. Consumption context variables are also showed, and the tobacco consumption quitting among people who have smoked is analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of daily smokers in the population over 14 years of age is 29 %, while that of former smokers is 21 % and 2.2 % in this population are occasional smokers. The prevalence is maximum in the 35-44 year-old group, and the prevalence is reduced drastically after this age. Stratified analysis by age, sex, and occupational category shows interesting differences among daily smokers. A strong gradient is observed according to occupational category in males. The situation is more complex in women. The typical smoker began when 17-year-old, and now consumes 16 cigarettes a day. Consumption is somewhat higher in males and is maximum in the 35-44 year-old group. Two-third of the smokers (65.7 %) want to quit smoking and more than one third (36 %) has attempted it along the last year. Almost half of smokers (48.1 %) have received advice to quit smoking from their physician. One of every four (24.9 %) smokers has been warned for smoking in some places. Almost half smokers are the only smoker in their home, and barely a third are the only smokers at work. The proportion of quitting increases with age in both sexes, and nowadays the differences in the probability of quitting smoking are few when the data are stratified by age groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the changing pattern of tobacco epidemiology in Barcelona: smoking is no longer the main behavior in no age and sex group, and the only social group in which more than half of its members smoke are 25-44 year-old not qualified worker males. This situation has occurred because of two processes: an important proportion of early quitting (demonstrated even in young adults) and a decrease in the beginning of the habit. Real differences are not observed between males and females with regard to the probability of quitting smoking. These data correct recent estimates that could be influenced by methodological changes in the instruments used. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Smoking/epidemiology/trends, Smoking Cessation, Socioeconomic Factors, Spain/epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Villalbi,J. R., Tomas,Z., Lopez,M. J., Rodriguez,M., Nebot,M. Original/Translated Title La cambiante epidemiologia del tabaquismo: Barcelona, 2000-2001 URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Detection of aquatic colloids in drinking water during its distribution via a water pipeline network	2004	Bundschuh, T., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Inst. Tech. Chem. Water Technol./Geo, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Generic Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci. Technol. Pub Date Free Form 2004/ Volume 50 Issue 12 Start Page 27 Other Pages 37 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Laser-induced Breakdown Detection (LIBD) is a highly sensitive method for the direct detection of nano-particles (colloids). During the detection process plasmas are generated on single particles by a focused laser beam, the resulting plasma light emissions are detected optically. The method is based on the difference in breakdown thresholds of liquid and solid matter, it is lower for solid material. The laser pulse energy is adjusted precisely so that in the pure liquid no breakdown events occur, and only in the presence of colloids is the breakdown threshold in the focal volume exceeded. The spatial distribution of several thousand recorded plasma flashes within the focal volume reveals the mean particle diameter. The evaluation of the number of breakdown events per number of laser pulses results in a breakdown probability, together with the particle size the concentration is calculated using specially-designed computer software. Compared to conventional laser light scattering methods the LIBD is approximately 6 orders of magnitude more sensitive for particles smaller than ca. 0.05 Î¼m. Together with laser light obscuration the LIBD technique has been used successfully for the quantification of aquatic nano-particles during drinking water processing and its distribution via a pipeline network of nearly 1,700 km total length. In addition, the particulate content of several brands of mineral water has been investigated. Â© IWA Publishing 2004. Descriptors drinking water, mineral water, nanoparticle, accuracy, article, calculation, colloid, computer program, concentration response, controlled study, intermethod comparison, light irradiance, light scattering, liquid, mathematical computing, optical instrumentation, particle size, probability, quantitative analysis, sensitivity analysis, solid state, water analysis, water supply, water treatment, YAG laser Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wagner,T., Bundschuh,T., Schick,R., KÃ¶ster,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a general population-based study in Xi'an of Northwest China	2004	Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China. jinhaiwang@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full World journal of gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. World J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form 1-Jun Volume 10 Issue 11 Start Page 1647 Other Pages 1651 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100883448; OID: NLM: PMC4572771; ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 1007-9327; 1007-9327 Accession Number PMID: 15162542 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15162542 Abstract AIM: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder in the Western population, but detailed population-based data in China are limited. The aim of this study was to understand the epidemiology of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (SGER) in adults of Xi'an, a northwestern city of China, and to explore the potential risk factors of GERD. METHODS: Symptoms suggestive of GERD, functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), upper respiratory diseases and some potential risk factors were investigated in a face-to-face manner in a region-stratified random samples of 2789 residents aged 18-70 years in Xi'an by using a standardized questionnaire. METHODS: With a response rate of 91.8%, the prevalence of SGER was 16.98% (95% CI, 14.2-18.92) in Xi'an adults, and no gender-related difference was observed (P<0.05). SGER was more common among subjects aged 30-70 years than in those aged 18-29 years (P<0.01). The prevalence of SGER in rural, urban and suburban subjects was 21.07%, 17.44% and 12.12%, respectively, and there was a significant difference between rural, urban and suburban regions (P<0.05). Compared with subjects without SGER, the prevalence of symptoms suggestive of FD and IBS, pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, chronic cough, wheeze, globus sensation, oral ulcer and snore was significantly increased in subjects with SGER (P<0.01). Heavy smoking (OR=5.76; CI, 3.70-6.67), heavy alcohol use (OR=2.85; CI, 1.67-4.49), peptic ulcer (OR=5.76; CI, 3.99-8.32), cerebral palsy (OR=3.97; CI, 1.97-8.00), abdominal operation (OR=2.69; CI, 1.75-4.13), obesity (OR=2.16; CI, 1.47-3.16), excessive food intake (OR=1.43; CI, 1.17-1.15), sweet food (OR=1.23; CI, 0.89-1.54), and consumption of coffee (OR=1.23; CI, 0.17-2.00) were independently associated with SGER. The episodes of GERD were commonly precipitated by dietary factors (66.05%), followed by body posture (26.54%), ill temper (23.72%), fatigue (22.32%) and stress (10.93%). CONCLUSION: GERD is common in Xi'an's adult population with a mild or moderate degree. The etiology and pathogenesis of GERD are probably associated with FD, IBS, and some respiratory, laryngopharyngeal and odontostological diseases or symptoms. Some lifestyles, diseases and dietary factors are the risk factors of GERD. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, China/epidemiology, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology, Humans, Laryngitis/epidemiology, Lung Diseases/epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Pharyngitis/epidemiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Rural Population/statistics & numerical data, Sex Distribution, Surveys and Questionnaires, Urban Population/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wang,J. H., Luo,J. Y., Dong,L., Gong,J., Tong,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4572771 Editors
Exercise and nitric oxide prevent bubble formation: a novel approach to the prevention of decompression sickness?	2004	Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. ulrik.wisloff@medisin.ntnu.no	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of physiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Physiol. Pub Date Free Form 16-Mar Volume 555 Issue Pt 3 Start Page 825 Other Pages 829 Notes LR: 20140610; JID: 0266262; 0 (Nitric Oxide Donors); 16051-77-7 (isosorbide-5-mononitrate); 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide); IA7306519N (Isosorbide Dinitrate); OID: NLM: PMC1664873; 2004/01/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0022-3751; 0022-3751 Accession Number PMID: 14724207 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.055467 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14724207 Abstract Nitrogen dissolves in the blood during dives, but comes out of solution if divers return to normal pressure too rapidly. Nitrogen bubbles cause a range of effects from skin rashes to seizures, coma and death. It is believed that these bubbles form from bubble precursors (gas nuclei). Recently we have shown that a single bout of exercise 20 h, but not 48 h, before a simulated dive prevents bubble formation and protects rats from severe decompression sickness (DCS) and death. Furthermore, we demonstrated that administration of N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, a non-selective inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS), turns a dive from safe to unsafe in sedentary but not exercised rats. Therefore based upon previous data an attractive hypothesis is that it may be possible to use either exercise or NO-releasing agents before a dive to inhibit bubble formation and thus protect against DCS. Consequently, the aims of the present study were to determine whether protection against bubble formation in 'diving' rats was provided by (1) chronic and acute administration of a NO-releasing agent and (2) exercise less than 20 h prior to the dive. NO given for 5 days and then 20 h prior to a dive to 700 kPa lasting 45 min breathing air significantly reduced bubble formation and prevented death. The same effect was seen if NO was given only 30 min before the dive. Exercise 20 h before a dive suppressed bubble formation and prevented death, with no effect at any other time (48, 10, 5 and 0.5 h prior to the dive). Pre-dive activities have not been considered to influence the growth of bubbles and thus the risk of serious DCS. The present novel findings of a protective effect against bubble formation and death by appropriately timed exercise and an NO-releasing agent may form the basis of a new approach to preventing serious decompression sickness. Descriptors Animals, Decompression Sickness/prevention & control, Diving, Female, Isosorbide Dinitrate/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology, Motor Activity/physiology, Nitric Oxide/physiology, Nitric Oxide Donors/pharmacology, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wisloff,U., Richardson,R. S., Brubakk,A. O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20040114 PMCID PMC1664873 Editors
Smoke constituent exposure and smoking topography of adolescent daily cigarette smokers	2004	Capital University School of Nursing, Columbus, Ohio, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 6 Issue 5 Start Page 853 Other Pages 862 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: 1 F31 NR07460/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States; GR: M01RR00034/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Ganglionic Stimulants); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 15700921 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15700921 Abstract Adolescent smoking prevalence is a major health concern, with 24.4% reporting smoking in the past 30 days and 15.8% considered daily smokers. The purpose of this study was to characterize biobehavioral nicotine dependence, smoke constituent exposure and smoking topography in adolescent daily smokers. Relationships among biological markers of nicotine dependence (nicotine boost, carbon monoxide [CO] boost and cotinine levels) with existing self-report measures (modified Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire [mFTQ] and the motivations for smoking scale) were examined. Gender differences were characterized. Fifty adolescents 13-18 years old were recruited for the study, 50% female. CO, plasma nicotine levels pre- and postcigarette, cotinine, and smoking topography were measured during a smoking bout with participant's usual cigarette. Average CO boost, pre- to postcigarette was 7.2 + 3.6 ppm, baseline cotinine level averaged 224.0 +/- 169.6 ng/ml and nicotine boost averaged 23.4 +/- 21.7 ng/ml. Mean puffs per cigarette was 14.2 +/- 6.3. Males had significantly higher total puff volumes, but similar smoke constituent exposure to females, and higher handling of cigarettes as smoking motive. In regression analysis, 35% of variance in tobacco use, as indicated by baseline cotinine concentration, was explained by maximum puff duration, postcigarette CO level, and nicotine dependence, as measured by the mFTQ. Results indicated adolescents had considerable smoke constituent exposure and nicotine dependence suggesting the importance of appropriate smoking cessation treatment. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Cotinine/analysis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Ganglionic Stimulants/pharmacology, Humans, Male, Nicotine/pharmacology, Sex Factors, Smoking/psychology, Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use Disorder/physiopathology/psychology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wood,T., Wewers,M. E., Groner,J., Ahijevych,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure across a bog-forest ecotone in southeastern Alaska	2004	Wurzburger, N., Warnell School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2152, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Mycorrhiza Periodical, Abbrev. Mycorrhiza Pub Date Free Form / Volume 14 Issue 6 Start Page 383 Other Pages 389 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0940-6360 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We examined the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community across a bog-forest ecotone in southeastern Alaska. The bog and edge were both characterized by poorly drained Histosols and a continuous layer of Sphagnum species, ericaceous shrubs, Carex species, and shore pine [Pinus conforta Dougl. ex Loud. var. contorta]. The forest had better-drained Inceptisols and Spodosols, a tree community comprised of western hemlock [Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.], yellow cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don.), Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] and shore pine, and an under-storey of ericaceous shrubs and herbs. ECM root tip density (tips cm-3 soil) was significantly greater in the forest than the edge or bog and ECM colonization was significantly different in all three plant communities. The below ground ECM fungal taxa were analyzed using molecular techniques (PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing). Three ECM fungal taxa, Suillus tomentosus (Kauffman) Singer, Cenococcum geophilum Fr.:Fr, and a Russula species, differed in relative frequency, yet were among the four most frequent in all three plant communities. Although differences in ECM fungal richness were observed across plant communities, unequal sampling of ECM roots due to root density and colonization differences confounded richness comparisons. Using resampling procedures for creating taxon-accumulation curves as a function of sampled ECM roots revealed similarities in cumulative ECM fungal taxa richness across the ecotone. Â© Springer-Verlag 2004. Descriptors article, biodiversity, ecosystem, microbiology, mycorrhiza, physiology, plant root, tree, United States Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wurzburger,N., Hartshorn,A. S., Hendrick,R. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Identification and expression of blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-24	2004	Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Zhonghua yi xue za zhi Periodical, Abbrev. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi Pub Date Free Form 2-Sep Volume 84 Issue 17 Start Page 1454 Other Pages 1459 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7511141; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (DNA, Bacterial); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase CTX-M-14); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); N2GI8B1GK7 (Cefotaxime); ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 0376-2491; 0376-2491 Accession Number PMID: 15500745 Language chi SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15500745 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To identify the ESBL gene and the prevalence in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated from Huashan Hospital, Shanghai. METHODS: Isolates were confirmed as an ESBL producing strain by double-disk synergy test and NCCLS Confirmatory Test. Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by standard agar dilution procedure on Mueller-Hinton agar. To determine whether the resistance was transferable, the conjugation experiment was performed; plasmids were isolated from clinical isolates and transcojugants. The partial bla(gene) of ESBL producing isolates and their transcojugants were detected by PCR using universal primers for TEM, SHV, CTX-M-1group, Toho-1group, CTX-M-13group respectively. The entire bla(CTX-M-13) group were amplified by PCR using the primers outside the Open Reading Frame (ORF) of CTX-M-13group beta-lactamases; the PCR products of entire bla(CTX-M-13)group were cloned into vector and the recombinant plasmids were transformed into the recipient strain for expression; the PCR products were also directly sequenced and analyzed; the clinical isolates of ESBL producers were detected by PFGE. RESULTS: ESBL producers were resistant to most beta-lactams and non-beta-lactams. Most transconjugants were obtained at frequency of 10(-4) approximately 10(-5) and resistance to non-beta-lactams was cotransferred with the ESBL activity to the transconjugant. A plasmid of about > 23.1 kb was obtained from each tansconjugant by plasmid extraction. Partial gene amplification products of CTX-M-13 group gene were obtained from isolates and their transconjugants. The bla(CTX-M-13)group from 4 transconjugants were identified as bla(CTX-M-14), and other six were bla(CTX-M-24); those ESBLs were mediated by plasmids (> 23.1 kb); the transformants producing CTX-M-14 or CTX-M-24 were resistant to most beta-lactams, which were much more resistant to cefotaxime than to ceftazidine; PFGE patterns of those isolates were different. CONCLUSION: clinical isolate of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Huashan Hospital, Shanhai produced CTX-M-14 or CTX-M-24, which caused the isolate resistant to most beta-lactams; no clone spread in those isolates was found. Descriptors Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology, Cefotaxime/pharmacology, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics, Escherichia coli/enzymology/genetics, Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology, Genes, Bacterial/genetics, Humans, Klebsiella Infections/microbiology, Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzymology/genetics, beta-Lactam Resistance/genetics, beta-Lactamases/genetics/metabolism Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Xiong,Z. Z., Zhu,D. M., Wang,F., Zhang,Y. Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Biofilm production and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida species	2004	Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Mikrobiyoloji ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dali, Izmir.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Mikrobiyoloji bulteni Periodical, Abbrev. Mikrobiyol.Bul. Pub Date Free Form Jan-Apr Volume 38 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 91 Other Pages 98 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7503830; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Virulence Factors); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); ppublish Place of Publication Turkey ISSN/ISBN 0374-9096; 0374-9096 Accession Number PMID: 15293907 Language tur SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15293907 Abstract In this study, biofilm production and antifungal susceptibility of various Candida species were examined and compared. A total number of 156 Candida species (94 C. albicans, 21 C. tropicalis, 18 C. glabrata, 12 C. parapsilosis, 9 C. krusei, 1 C. guilliermondii and 1 C. kefyr) isolated from different clinical specimens were included in the study. The biofilm production of the strains was searched by modified tube adherence and microplate methods. Their antifungal susceptibilities against fluconazole and amphotericin B were determined by microdilution method, according to NCCLS M27-A2 standards. Forty three (27.6%) and 26 (16.7%) of the strains were found to be slime producing by tube adherence and microplate methods, respectively. The agreement between the two methods were detected as 65 percent. The rate of biofilm formation by different species ranged between 17% and 55% by tube adherence test and 0 and 48% by microplate method. No significant difference was found between the biofilm production of C. albicans and non-albicans species by tube adherence test (p=0.29). However; a statistically important difference was found when microplate method was considered (p=0.04). MIC50 and MIC90 values for fluconazole ranged between 4-64 microg/ml and 32-->64 microg/ml for different Candida species while these values changed between 0.25-1 microg/ml and 0.5-2 microg/ml for amphotericin B, respectively. Forty-five (28.8%) and 23 (14.7%) of the isolates were found to be dose dependent susceptible and resistant to fluconazole, respectively. Eleven (6.7%) of the strains had MIC values >1 microg/ml for amphotericin B. When the relation between the biofilm production and the susceptibility categories of the strains for amphotericin B were searched, no statistical differences were found by any of the two methods (p=0.12 and p=0.50). A statistically important difference (p=0.03) was determined by tube adherence test and no important difference (p=0.11) was detected by microplate method when fluconazole susceptibility categories were considered. As a conclusion, it has been determined that biofilm production which is a potential virulence factor for Candida species seems to be in agreement with the antifungal susceptibility categories of the strains especially for amphotericin B when the planktonic cells were used for the susceptibility testing. Descriptors Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Biofilms/growth & development, Candida/drug effects/pathogenicity, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Fluconazole/pharmacology, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Reproducibility of Results, Virulence Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yucesoy,M., Karaman,M. Original/Translated Title Candida turlerinin biyofilm uretimi ve antifungal duyarlilik paternleri URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of oxalic acid on the regrowth of heterotrophic bacteria in the distributed drinking water	2004	Dept. of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, #250, Kuo Kuang Rd., T.,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chemosphere Periodical, Abbrev. Chemosphere Pub Date Free Form / Volume 57 Issue 7 Start Page 531 Other Pages 539 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0045-6535 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Three laboratory-scale water pipe systems were set up to study the effects of adding oxalic acid on the bacterial regrowth and biofilm formation in the distributed drinking water. The results of water pipe experiment displayed that around 38% carbon in the oxalic acid could be converted to bacterial biomass. The maximum HPCs in biofilm were equal to 3.5 Ã— 104, 3.38 Ã— 105 and 2.8 Ã— 106 CFU cm-2 while the maximum HPCs of free bacteria were equal to 1.2 Ã— 103, 2.54 Ã— 103 and 3.78 Ã— 104 CFU ml-1 for the blank and with addition of 10 and 50 Î¼g OA eq-C l-1, respectively. These results imply that the addition of oxalic acid to distributed water has positive effect on the assimilable organic carbon content of drinking water and bacterial regrowth in water pipe. This effect is enhanced with addition of high-level oxalic acid. Batch tests were also conducted using water samples collected from a Taiwanese drinking water distribution system. The bacterial regrowth potentials (BRPs) of the blank were equal to 4.25 Ã— 103, 1.46 Ã— 104, 4.9 Ã— 104 and 7.54 Ã— 104 CFU ml-1 for water samples collected from treatment plant effluent, commercial area, mixed area, and residential area, respectively. These results show that the biological stability of distributed drinking water is the highest in treatment plant effluent, the moderate in the commercial area and mixed area, and the lowest in the residential area. Â© 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Descriptors drinking water, organic carbon, oxalic acid, article, biofilm, chemical composition, colony forming unit, comparative study, controlled study, effluent, laboratory, microbial biomass, nonhuman, plate count, tube Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Chu,C., Lu,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Application of hydraulic transients for leak detection in water supply systems	2004	Covas, D., Civil Eng. Dept., Instituto Superior TÃ©cnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci.Technol.Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 2004/ Volume 4 Issue 6-May Start Page 365 Other Pages 374 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1606-9749 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The current paper reports the investigation of two transient-based techniques for leak detection in water pipe systems using physical data collected in the laboratory and in quasi-field conditions. The first is the analysis of the leak reflected wave during a transient event and the second is inverse transient analysis (ITA). This was approached through the development of an inverse transient analysis tool and the collection of transient data for the testing and validation of this model. Two experimental programmes were carried out at Imperial College and in cooperation with Thames Water for the validation and testing of these techniques. Evaluation of the presence, location and size of leaks was carried out using the collected data. Transient-based techniques have been shown to be successful in the detection and location of leaks and leak location uncertainties depended on the leak size and location, flow regime and location where the transient event was generated. These leak detection methods are very promising for identifying the general area of the trunk main with leakage, and can be combined with other leak location techniques (e.g. acoustic equipment) to more precisely pinpoint the leak position. Transient-based techniques are particularly important for the diagnosis, monitoring and control of existing water supply systems, not only to detect leaks, but also to better understand the causes of pipe bursts and accidents, particularly when these are due to natural transient events. Descriptors acoustics, analytic method, conference paper, cooperation, data analysis, equipment design, flow kinetics, hydraulic conductivity, inverse transient analysis, laboratory diagnosis, physical chemistry, tube, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Covas,D., Ramos,H., Graham,N., Maksimovic,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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