WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort ascending	SearchLink
The effects of improved sanitation on diarrheal prevalence, incidence, and duration in children under five in the SNNPR State, Ethiopia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial	2016	Re-shaping Development Institute, 5 Yangpyeong-ro 12ga-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Korea International Cooperation Agency, 825 Daewangpangyo-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeongo-do, 13449, Republic of Korea.; BDS Center for Developmen	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Trials Periodical, Abbrev. Trials Pub Date Free Form 18-Apr Volume 17 Issue 1 Start Page 204 Other Pages 016-1319-z Notes LR: 20160421; ISRCTN/ISRCTN82492848; JID: 101263253; OID: NLM: PMC4835836; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/11/01 [received]; 2016/03/30 [accepted]; 2016/04/18 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1745-6215; 1745-6215 Accession Number PMID: 27089872 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/s13063-016-1319-z [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27089872 Abstract BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of death, killing 1.3 million in 2013 across the globe, of whom, 0.59 million were children under 5 years of age. Globally, about 1 billion people practice open defecation, and an estimated 2.4 billion people were living without improved sanitation facilities in 2015. Much of the previous research investigating the effect of improved sanitation has been based on observational studies. Recent studies have executed a cluster-randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of improved sanitation. However, none of these recent studies achieved a sufficient level of latrine coverage. Without universal or at least a sufficient level of latrine coverage, a determination of the effect of improved latrines on the prevention of diarrheal disease is difficult. This cluster-randomized trial aims to explore the net effect of improved latrines on diarrheal prevalence and incidence in children under five and to investigate the effect on the diarrheal duration. METHOD/DESIGN: A phase-in and factorial design will be used for the study. The intervention for improving latrines will be implemented in an intervention arm during the first phase, and the comparable intervention will be performed in the control arm during the second phase. During the second phase, a water pipe will be connected to the gotts (villages) in the intervention arm. After the second phase is completed, the control group will undergo the intervention of receiving a water pipe connection. For diarrheal prevalence, five rounds of surveying will be conducted at the household level. The first four rounds will be carried out in the first phase to explore the effect of improved latrines, and the last one, in the second phase to examine the combined effects of improved water and sanitation. For documentation of diarrheal incidence and duration, the mother or caregiver will record the diarrheal episodes of her youngest child on the "Sanitation Calendar" every day. Of 212 gotts in the project area, 48 gotts were selected for the trial, and 1200 households with a child under 5 will be registered for the intervention or control arm. Informed consent from 1200 households will be obtained from the mother or caregiver in written form. DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, this is the second study to assess the effects of improved latrines on child diarrheal reduction through the application of Community-Led Total Sanitation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN82492848. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jung,S., Doh,Y.A., Bizuneh,D.B., Beyene,H., Seong,J., Kwon,H., Kim,Y., Habteyes,G.N., Tefera,Y., Cha,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160418 PMCID PMC4835836 Editors
Diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease	2014	Raul Badillo, Dawn Francis, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States.; Raul Badillo, Dawn Francis, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, Uni	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics Periodical, Abbrev. World J.Gastrointest.Pharmacol.Ther. Pub Date Free Form 6-Aug Volume 5 Issue 3 Start Page 105 Other Pages 112 Notes LR: 20140820; JID: 101547456; OID: NLM: PMC4133436; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/01/24 [received]; 2014/06/10 [revised]; 2014/06/20 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 2150-5349; 2150-5349 Accession Number PMID: 25133039 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review DOI 10.4292/wjgpt.v5.i3.105 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25133039 Abstract Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disease with a prevalence as high as 10%-20% in the western world. The disease can manifest in various symptoms which can be grouped into typical, atypical and extra-esophageal symptoms. Those with the highest specificity for GERD are acid regurgitation and heartburn. In the absence of alarm symptoms, these symptoms can allow one to make a presumptive diagnosis and initiate empiric therapy. In certain situations, further diagnostic testing is needed to confirm the diagnosis as well as to assess for complications or alternate causes for the symptoms. GERD complications include erosive esophagitis, peptic stricture, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma and pulmonary disease. Management of GERD may involve lifestyle modification, medical therapy and surgical therapy. Lifestyle modifications including weight loss and/or head of bed elevation have been shown to improve esophageal pH and/or GERD symptoms. Medical therapy involves acid suppression which can be achieved with antacids, histamine-receptor antagonists or proton-pump inhibitors. Whereas most patients can be effectively managed with medical therapy, others may go on to require anti-reflux surgery after undergoing a proper pre-operative evaluation. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current approach to the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Badillo,R., Francis,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4133436 Editors
Severe vertigo after a scuba-dive to 29 meters	2004	Ratisches Kantons- und Regionalspital, Departement ORL, Chur.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Praxis Periodical, Abbrev. Praxis (Bern 1994) Pub Date Free Form 28-Apr Volume 93 Issue 18 Start Page 775 Other Pages 777 Notes LR: 20080610; JID: 101468093; ppublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1661-8157; 1661-8157 Accession Number PMID: 15171513 Language ger SubFile Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1024/0369-8394.93.18.775 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15171513 Abstract A 27-year-old flight instructor experienced 5 to 10 minutes after a scuba-dive to 29 m, which lasted totally 50 minutes, dizziness, nausea and severe vertigo. The symptoms lasted about an hour. The patient vomited several times and noted sudden onset headache and vertigo lasting the following three days. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was started 30 hours after the event because decompression sickness was suspected. Transthoracic echocardiographic evaluation showed a patent foramen ovale. Diving accidents may be caused by decompression sickness, the formation of a free intravascular gas phase (bubbles) may result in transatrial shunting in the presence of a patent foramen ovale and may lead to neurological signs and symptoms. In this context the diver was advised to undergo closure of the atrial septal defect. Five months after the incident the patient underwent successful transcatheter occlusion of the PFO. Descriptors Adult, Decompression Sickness/diagnosis/etiology, Diagnosis, Differential, Diving/adverse effects, Humans, Male, Meniere Disease/diagnosis/etiology, Vertigo/etiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Frigg,C., Stepanek,J., Gmur,A. Original/Translated Title Der PRAXIS-Fall. Starker Schwindel nach einem Tauchgang in 29 Meter Tiefe URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Motivation to Quit and Interest in Cessation Treatment Among Homeless Youth Smokers	2015	RAND Health, Santa Monica, CA; jtucker@rand.org.; RAND Health, Pittsburgh, PA.; RAND Health, Santa Monica, CA;; RAND Health, Santa Monica, CA;; RAND Health, Pittsburgh, PA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 17 Issue 8 Start Page 990 Other Pages 995 Notes CI: (c) The Author 2015; JID: 9815751; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 26180224 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu261 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26180224 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Approximately 70% of unaccompanied homeless youth are current smokers. Although a few studies have described smoking behavior among homeless youth, none have focused on how to help homeless youth quit smoking. As such, there are significant gaps in understanding their interest in quitting and what strategies might best fit their specific needs. METHODS: Unaccompanied homeless youth were randomly sampled from street sites in Los Angeles County (N = 292). All were current smokers who completed a survey on their smoking-related behaviors and cognitions. RESULTS: 65.7% of youth had quit for at least 24hr during the past year, and 43.4% were motivated to quit. Previous quit attempts tended to be unassisted, but 58.6% reported that they would be interested in formal cessation treatment. Multivariate analyses indicated that motivation to quit was higher among youth who were older, Black or Hispanic (vs. White), and who asked about smoking by a service provider, but it was lower among those who were more nicotine dependent. Being interested in cessation treatment was more likely among youth who were asked about smoking by a service provider, anticipated more barriers to quitting, and were motivated to quit; it was less likely among youth who had slept outdoors during the past 30 days. DISCUSSION: Smoking cessation is often considered a low priority for homeless youth. However, many are motivated to quit and are interested in smoking cessation products and services. Implications for developing and engaging homeless youth in cessation treatment are discussed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Tucker,J.S., Shadel,W.G., Golinelli,D., Ewing,B., Mullins,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Alternative tobacco product use and smoking cessation among homeless youth in los angeles county	2014	RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA; jtucker@rand.org.; RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA.; RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA;; RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 16 Issue 11 Start Page 1522 Other Pages 1526 Notes CI: Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2014; JID: 9815751; 2014/08/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25145375 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu133 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25145375 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Approximately 70% of homeless youth smoke cigarettes, but their use of alternative tobacco products (ATPs) is unknown. This paper reports on ATP use among past-month smokers in Los Angeles County, including whether it differs by demographic characteristics, homelessness severity, past-year quit attempts, and readiness to quit smoking. Given the growing popularity of e-cigarettes, we also report on perceptions of harm and reasons for using this product. METHODS: We surveyed 292 unaccompanied homeless youth who were randomly sampled from street sites. Participants had smoked at least 100 cigarettes during their lifetime and 1 cigarette during the past month. RESULTS: Seventy-two percent of youth reported past-month ATP use (e-cigarettes = 51%; little cigars/cigarillos = 46%; hookah = 31%; other smokeless tobacco product = 24%; chewing tobacco/moist snuff = 19%). Current ATP use was unrelated to most demographic characteristics or having a past-year quit attempt. However, youth who planned to quit smoking in the next 30 days were significantly less likely to report current use of hookahs, other smokeless tobacco products, or e-cigarettes. Among lifetime e-cigarette users, the most common reasons for use included not having to go outside to smoke (38%) and being able to deal with situations or places where they cannot smoke (36%); it was less common to report using e-cigarettes to quit smoking (17%-18%). DISCUSSION: Dual use of ATPs among homeless youth smokers is common and is more likely among those who have no immediate plans to quit smoking. Effective and easily disseminable strategies for reducing all forms of tobacco use among homeless youth are urgently needed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US Data Source Authors Tucker,J.S., Shadel,W.G., Golinelli,D., Ewing,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140821 PMCID Editors
Toward a Regulatory Framework for the Waterpipe	2016	Ramzi G. Salloum is with the Department of Health Outcomes and Policy and the Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville. Taghrid Asfar is with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Mi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form 23-Aug Volume Issue Start Page e1 Other Pages e5 Notes LR: 20160823; JID: 1254074; aheadofprint; SO: Am J Public Health. 2016 Aug 23:e1-e5. Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1541-0048; 0090-0036 Accession Number PMID: 27552262 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303322 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27552262 Abstract Waterpipe smoking has been dramatically increasing among youth worldwide and in the United States. Despite its general association with misperceptions of reduced harm, evidence suggests this is a harmful and dependence-inducing tobacco use method that represents a threat to public health. Waterpipe products continue to be generally unregulated, which likely has contributed to their spread. The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 granted the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the authority to regulate waterpipe products, and the FDA finalized a rule extending its authority over waterpipe products in May 2016. This critical step in addressing the alarming increase in waterpipe smoking in the United States has created urgency for research to provide the evidence needed for effective regulatory initiatives for waterpipe products. We aim to stimulate such research by providing a framework that addresses the scope of waterpipe products and their unique context and use patterns. The proposed framework identifies regulatory targets for waterpipe product components (i.e., tobacco, charcoal, and device), the waterpipe cafe setting, and its marketing environment dominated by Internet promotion. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print August 23, 2016: e1-e5. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303322). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Salloum,R.G., Asfar,T., Maziak,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160823 PMCID Editors
Evaluation of coliforms as indicators of water quality in India	1992	Ramteke, P.W., Division of Aquatic Toxicology, Industrial Toxicology Research Ctr., Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Applied Bacteriology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Bacteriol. Pub Date Free Form 1992/ Volume 72 Issue 4 Start Page 352 Other Pages 356 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0021-8847 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The total and thermotolerant coliform counts in rural drinking water derived from ground water, piped supplies and surface water are reported for a number of areas in India. To evaluate these counts as indicators of recent faecal contamination the total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms isolated have been identified. Thermotolerant Escherichia coli formed 11.7% of the total coliforms and 75.1% of the thermotolerant coliforms. Citrobacter sp. (20.4%) and Klebsiella sp. (50.9%) were the other common total coliforms isolated and, among the thermotolerant coliforms, Klebsiella sp. (16.4%) was the only other organism frequently encountered. The total coliform counts were significantly correlated with water temperature. The applicability in tropical areas of standards developed for temperate climates is discussed. Descriptors drinking water, surface water, article, bacterium contamination, evaluation and follow up, heat tolerance, India, nonhuman, water quality Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Ramteke,P. W., Bhattacharjee,J. W., Pathak,S. P., Kalra,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Domestic water contamination in rapidly growing megacities of Asia: Case of Karachi, Pakistan	1997	Rahman, A., Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511, Singapore	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental monitoring and assessment Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Monit.Assess. Pub Date Free Form 1997/ Volume 44 Issue 3-Jan Start Page 339 Other Pages 360 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0167-6369 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The development of essential services including water and sanitation in many megacities of the economically developing countries of Asia cannot keep pace with their rapidly growing population and accompanying urban and industrial development. The inadequate water supply and poor sanitation services lead to contamination of their water supply. It also leads to the input of sewage water into the groundwater. The problem is seriously acute in Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan with a population of over 12 million and growing at 6 percent. This paper examines the problem of water contamination in Karachi. The paper presents the data on water quality from various sources, mainly municipal water supply, vendors and well water; the three major sources of water for domestic use in Karachi. Except municipal water from some areas and during certain periods, water from most other sources contain coliform bacteria, and in many cases faecal coliform, in amounts several magnitudes higher than any standards permit. Many samples have also been found to contain heavy metals including Chromium, Lead, Nickel and Arsenic in amounts excessive of permitted standards. The probable sources of contaminants for the various types of water (piped, vendors, wells) indicate that groundwater may be the main contributor. The very source of this groundwater is predominantly from sewage. The health hazards from consuming such contaminated water are obvious. The paper also evaluates the solutions that are being practiced, proposed or may be feasible, as well as those that are evolving. Descriptors arsenic, chromium, ground water, heavy metal, nickel, well water, city, coliform bacterium, conference paper, nonhuman, Pakistan, population growth, sanitation, sewage, water contamination, water quality, water standard, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Rahman,A., Lee,H. K., Khan,M. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Groundwater as source of contamination for water supply in rapidly growing megacities of Asia: Case of Karachi, Pakistan	1996	Rahman, A.-U., Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge 0511, Singapore	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Generic Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. WATER SCI. TECHNOL. Pub Date Free Form 1996/ Volume 34 Issue 7-8 -8 pt 4 Start Page 285 Other Pages 292 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The development of essential services including water and sanitation in many megacities of the economically developing countries of Asia cannot keep pace with their rapidly growing population and accompanying urban and industrial development. The inadequate water supply and poor sanitation services lead to contamination of their water supply through the input of sewage water into groundwater. This paper examines the problem of contamination of water supply in Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan with a population of over 12 million and growing at 6 percent per annum. The paper presents the data on water quality from various sources, mainly municipal water supply, vendors and well water; the three major sources of water for domestic use in Karachi. Except municipal water from some areas and during certain periods, water from most other sources contains coliform bacteria, and in many cases faecal coliform, in amounts several magnitudes higher than any standards permit. Many samples have also been found to contain heavy metals including chromium, lead, nickel and arsenic in amounts excessive of permitted standards. The probable sources of contaminants for the various types of water (piped, vendors, wells) indicate that groundwater may be the main contributor. The very source of this groundwater is predominantly from sewage. The paper also evaluates the solutions that are being practised, proposed or may be feasible, as well as those that are evolving. Descriptors arsenic, chromium, drinking water, ground water, heavy metal, lead, nickel, coliform bacterium, conference paper, developing country, Pakistan, sanitation, sewage, water contamination, water quality, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Rahman,A. -U Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Impact of religious rulings (Fatwa) on smoking.	2003	Radwan, G.N., Egyptian Smoking Prevention Research Institute.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Egypt.Soc.Parasitol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 33 Issue 3 Suppl Start Page 1087 Other Pages 1101 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0253-5890 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract An interview survey was carried out in a rural village and two nearby schools in Qalyubia Governorate to assess the pattern of smoking and knowledge about religious ruling (Fatwa) and its impact on the quit attempts. Also, a similar survey was conducted in 6 Shisha cafÃ©s in Cairo. The results showed that the majority of respondents (81% among rural adults, 83.2% among Shisha cafÃ© patrons, 73.3% among rural youth and 81.4% among rural students) knew about the Fatwa on smoking. Higher proportions of all participants thought that smoking is a sin (97.3% among rural adults, 80.8% among Shisha cafÃ© patrons, 94.4% among rural youth and 98.4% among rural students). There was a significantly higher knowledge about Fatwa on smoking among men than women. This indicates a successful outreach program targeted mainly to men through mosques. Knowledge about Fatwa on smoking increased significantly with increased exposure to antismoking messages from religious leader. Knowledge about the Fatwa on smoking or belief that smoking is a sin had no significant effect on quit attempts. Our results point to the need for intensive efforts on the part of religious leaders to translate the current belief that smoking is a sin into quitting among smokers. Better results may be achieved through personal interactions in small groups rather than in mosque settings. Descriptors adolescent, adult, article, attitude to health, catering service, child, Egypt, female, health, human, male, religion, smoking, smoking cessation Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Radwan,G. N., Israel,E., El-Setouhy,M., Abdel-Aziz,F., Mikhail,N., Mohamed,M. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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