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Association of waterpipe smoking and road traffic crashes 2010
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC Public Health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
10
Issue
Start Page
639
Other Pages
639
Notes
ID: 20969795
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this research was to examine whether waterpipe smokers experience increased risk of motor vehicle crashes. METHODS: In a telephone survey, a random sample of Iranian drivers were asked to report their age, gender, vehicle age, whether their vehicles were equipped with anti-lock braking system (ABS), average daily drive time (DDT), whether they smoked cigarette or waterpipe, whether they had diabetes mellitus (DM), number of traffic crashes during the last calendar year and whether the crash involved a pedestrian or another vehicle. RESULTS: A total of 2070 motor vehicle owners with the mean age of 41.6 ± 11.45 were interviewed. The annual incidence of Road Traffic Crashes (RTC) was 14.9%; 14.0% involved a collision/s with other vehicles and 0.9% with pedestrians. There was an association between the RTC and male gender, DDT, being a cigarette smoker, being a waterpipe smoker and DM in univariable analysis. The association between RTC and being a waterpipe smoker and also cigarette smoker was significant in multivariable analysis after adjustment for DDT. CONCLUSIONS: Being waterpipe and/or cigarette smoker and DDT were the independent predictors of the number of traffic crashes in Poisson regression model. If the increased risk of RTC among waterpipe or cigarette smokers is seen in other studies, it would be beneficial to promote tobacco cessation and control strategies through injury prevention initiatives.
Descriptors
Accidents, Traffic, Smoking, Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data, Adult, Automobile Driving, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Interviews as Topic, Iran/epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Assessment
Links
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2978152/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-639
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Saadat,Soheil, Karbakhsh,Mojgan
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Indoor secondhand tobacco smoke emission levels in six Lebanese cities 2010
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tob Control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
19
Issue
2
Start Page
138
Other Pages
42
Notes
ID: 20378588
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To date, Lebanon has failed to enact comprehensive clean indoor air laws despite ratification of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), which calls for the protection of non-smokers from exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS). Complicating the problem of SHS exposure in Lebanon is the widespread use of the tobacco water-pipe. While most research on SHS has involved cigarette smoking as a source of emissions, other sources, including tobacco water-pipes, may be an important contributor. METHODS: PM(2.5) concentrations (microg/m(3)) were measured in a sample of 28 public venues located in six major Lebanese cities. Active smoker density (number of smokers/100 m(3)) was calculated for both water-pipe and cigarette smokers. Venues were then categorised as having higher density of water-pipe smokers or higher density of cigarette smokers, and resultant emission levels were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Cigarette and water-pipe smoking was observed in 14 venues, while cigarette smoking only and water-pipe smoking only were found in 12 venues and one venue, respectively. Among all smoking-permitted venues, the mean PM(2.5) concentration was 342 microg/m(3). Venues with a higher density of water-pipe smokers (n =14) showed a similar median PM(2.5) concentration (349 microg/m(3)) compared with venues with a higher density of cigarette smokers (n =13; 241 microg/m(3); p=0.159). The mean PM(2.5) concentration in the single venue with a voluntary smoke-free policy was 6 microg/m(3). CONCLUSIONS: Despite ratification of the FCTC in 2005, both cigarette and water-pipe smoking are commonly practised in enclosed public places throughout Lebanon, leading to unsafe levels of indoor particulate pollution. Smoke-free policies are needed in Lebanon to protect the public's health, and should apply to all forms of tobacco smoking.
Descriptors
Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence, Air Pollutants/analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Lebanon, Occupational Exposure/legislation & jurisprudence, Occupational Exposure/prevention & control, Particulate Matter/analysis, Smoking/psychology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Urban Population
Links
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2989171/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.2009.030460
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Saade,Georges, Seidenberg,Andrew B., Rees,Vaughan W., Otrock,Zaher, Connolly,Gregory N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
[Tobacco use and cessation counseling among health professional students Lebanon global health professions student survey, 2005] 2009
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
J Med Liban
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Med.Liban.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
57
Issue
4
Start Page
243
Other Pages
247
Notes
ID: 114277
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
french
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
The number of deaths attributable to tobacco use is rising globally. Health professionals can help reduce tobacco use by providing advice to patients regarding smoking cessation. Very few studies have collected information on tobacco use and cessation counseling training among health professional students. The purpose of this paper is to examine these issues using data from the 2005 Lebanon Global Health Professions Student Survey GHPSS]. The 2005 Lebanon GHPSS includes nationally representative estimates of third-year students in ail dental, medical, nursing, and pharmacy schools in Lebanon. Current cigarette use ranged from 14.8% for pharmacy students to 26.9% for nursing students and 27.4% for medical students. Current waterpipe use ranged from 20.6% for medical students to 44.9% for nursing students. About 8 in 10 students in all four disciplines were exposed to second-hand smoke in public places. More than 8 in 10 students in medical, nursing, and pharmacy schools believed that health professionals have a role in giving advice or information on smoking cessation to patients. More than 9 in 10 students in all four disciplines believed that health professionals should receive training on smoking cessation techniques. However, those who received training ranged from 19.8% of pharmacy students to 43.7% of nursing students. Tobacco use cigarettes and water-pipe] is high among third-year health professional students in Lebanon. Students are willing to provide smoking-cessation counseling but lack training. The Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of Education, and educational institutions in Lebanon should work together with other interested partners in developing, testing, and implementing successful patient cessation counseling training programs for health professionals
Descriptors
Humans, Male, Female, ABO Blood-Group System - 45 YEARS, Tobacco Use Cessation, Tobacco Use Disorder, Health Surveys, Smoking, Counseling, Students, Dental, Students, Pharmacy, Students, Medical, Students, Nursing
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-114277
Book Title
Database
GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Saade,Georges, Warren,Charles W., Jones,Nathan R., Mokdad,Ali
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Tobacco use and cessation counseling among health professional students: Lebanon Global Health Professions Student Survey 2009
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
J Med Liban
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Med.Liban.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
57
Issue
4
Start Page
243
Other Pages
7
Notes
ID: 20027801
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The number of deaths attributable to tobacco use is rising globally. Health professionals can help reduce tobacco use by providing advice to patients regarding smoking cessation. Very few studies have collected information on tobacco use and cessation counseling training among health professional students. The purpose of this paper is to examine these issues using data from the 2005 Lebanon Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS). METHODS: The 2005 Lebanon GHPSS includes nationally representative estimates of third-year students in all dental, medical, nursing, and pharmacy schools in Lebanon. RESULTS: Current cigarette use ranged from 14.8% for pharmacy students to 26.9% for nursing students and 27.4% for medical students. Current waterpipe use ranged from 20.6% for medical students to 44.9% for nursing students. About 8 in 10 students in all four disciplines were exposed to second-hand smoke in public places. More than 8 in 10 students in medical, nursing, and pharmacy schools believed that health professionals have a role in giving advice or information on smoking cessation to patients. More than 9 in 10 students in all four disciplines believed that health professionals should receive training on smoking cessation techniques. However, those who received training ranged from 19.8% of pharmacy students to 43.7% of nursing students. CONCLUSION: Tobacco use (cigarettes and water-pipe) is high among third-year health professional students in Lebanon. Students are willing to provide smoking-cessation counseling but lack training. The Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of Education, and educational institutions in Lebanon should work together with other interested partners in developing, testing, and implementing successful patient cessation counseling training programs for health professionals.
Descriptors
Counseling/education, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Students, Health Occupations/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control, Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Counseling/methods, Counseling/statistics & numerical data, Female, Global Health, Health Behavior, Humans, Lebanon/epidemiology, Male, Population Surveillance, Prevalence, Risk-Taking, Students, Dental/statistics & numerical data, Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data, Students, Nursing/statistics & numerical data, Students, Pharmacy/statistics & numerical data, Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Young Adult
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-20027801
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Saade,Georges, Warren,Charles W., Jones,Nathan R., Mokdad,Ali
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Attitude of University Students towards Waterpipe Smoking: Study in Iran 2011
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addict Health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
3
Issue
2-Jan
Start Page
9
Other Pages
14
Notes
ID: 24494111
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco is consumed in various forms, and there has been an increasing trend worldwide in the use of waterpipe. This study aimed to assess the university students' attitudes towards waterpipe. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study; 1130 students randomly were selected from universities of Kerman, Iran. They were provided with a researcher-made questionnaire after obtaining the informed consent. The anonymous questionnaires were completed with ensuring about information confidentiality. In addition to the underlying questions, the questionnaires consisted of 10 attitude survey questions. Higher scores indicated more positive attitudes. FINDINGS: The obtained results indicated a significant difference of attitude of the students who were current or occasional smokers of waterpipe in comparison with the students who never smoked it towards addictiveness, social acceptance or rejection and its harmfulness; so that their attitudes were more positive (P < 0.05). Mean ± SD of attitude score of the students who never consumed waterpipe before, those who had the history of consuming it at least once and those who were current smokers were 1.40 ± 0.40, 1.50 ± 0.41 and 1.70 ± 0.43, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Waterpipe smoking was associated with false beliefs and positive attitudes among the students; therefore, the necessity of education and attitude changing is required in this regard.
Descriptors
Links
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3905517/?tool=pubmed
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sabahy,Abdol-Reza, Divsalar,Kouros, Nakhaee,Nouzar
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Demographic and social characteristics of family planning acceptors in Jordan 1982
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Population bulletin of ECWA
Periodical, Abbrev.
Popul.Bull.ECWA
Pub Date Free Form
Jun-Dec
Volume
(22-23)
Issue
22-23
Start Page
119
Other Pages
136
Notes
LR: 20071115; JID: 8403915; OID: PIP: 026024; OID: POP: 00136376; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: POPULATION BULLETIN OF ECWA; ppublish
Place of Publication
LEBANON
ISSN/ISBN
0378-679X; 0378-679X
Accession Number
PMID: 12266313
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; J
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
12266313
Abstract
PIP: In 1980 information on acceptor characteristics was collected from the files of4 privately run family planning centers established in 1963 in Jordan. The data were analyzed by constructing a series of number and percent distributions of acceptors by specific characteristics. If the Jordanian government adopts a family planning policy in the near future, the information collected in this study could be of use in planning a national family planning program. The government's current attitude toward family planning is neutral; however, in 1972 the Amman Conference on Population Policy in Relation to Urban Development noted that the average female in Jordan had 8.3 births, viewed population growth as a detriment to development, and recommened the adoption of a nationalpolicy to reduce fertility. The National Population Commission is currently working on a national policy document on population and development. In the past the Commission did not advocate adopting a national policy but it did recognize the impact of population on economic goals and the right of parents to have imformation on family planning. Several studies have also indicated that most Jordanian women approve of birth control. Presently, there are 20 private family planning clinics on the West Bank and 5 on the East Bank. Data was collected from clinics located in Amman , Salt, Irbid, and Jarash. Information on acceptors who used the clinics at least once during 1963-1980 was obtained by examining patient information cards filled out by patients. A sample of 1368 patient records was drawn by selecting every 4th card from the clinic files. Average age at marriage was 17.96 years for wives and 24.62 years for husbands, and average marriage duration was 9.05 years. The average birth interval was 1.28 years. 85.23% of the women worked at home only, and 14.77% worked outside the home. The majority of the husbands were manual labors. 37% of the women were illiterate, and only 3% had more than 12 years of education. Husbands were slightly more educated than their wives. Data on pervious births and abortions was available for 1484 clients. The average number of pregnancies was 5.9, and the average number of living children was 5.25. Illiterate women had and average of 7.9 pregnancies, and women with more than 12 years of school had an average of 2.2 pregnancies. The women reported a total of 662 previous abortions, and the proportion of pregnancies ending in abortion was lower among both illiterate women and women qith more than 12 years of education than among women with some education. Among women aho reported the type of abortion. 45 had induced abortions and 413 has spontaneous abortions. 36.3% of the acceptors said they came to the clinic because they had too many children, and 35.3% said they came from family planning purposes. All but 24.3% of the patients had used some contraceptive prior to coming to the clinic. Most clients were provided with oral contraceptives (OC) or IUDs. tables provide information on acceptor characteristics.
Descriptors
Abortion, Induced, Abortion, Spontaneous, Age Factors, Asia, Asia, Western, Attitude, Behavior, Birth Intervals, Communication, Contraception, Contraception Behavior, Data Collection, Delivery of Health Care, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Educational Status, Employment, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Family Characteristics, Family Planning Policy, Family Planning Services, Fertility, Health, Health Facilities, Proprietary, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Planning, Health Services, Health Services Needs and Demand, Jordan, Marriage, Middle East, Motivation, Occupations, Organization and Administration, Parity, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Patient Compliance, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Program Evaluation, Psychology, Public Policy, Research, Sampling Studies, Sexual Behavior, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Statistics as Topic, Acceptor Characteristics--statistics, Acceptors, Arab Countries, Birth Spacing, Contraceptive Methods Chosen, Contraceptive Usage, Data Analysis, Demographic Factors, Employment Status, Evaluation, Family And Household, Family Planning, Family Planning Clinic Attendance, Family Planning Program Evaluation, Family Planning Programs, Family Planning Surveys, Family Size, Fertility Control, Postconception, Kap Surveys, Knowledge Sources, Macroeconomic Factors, Marriage Age, Marriage Patterns, Needs, Nuptiality, Policy, Population Policy, Privately Sponsored Programs, Programs, Psychological Factors, Reproductive Behavior, Research Methodology, Research Report, Social Policy, Socioeconomic Status, Statistical Studies, Studies, Surveys, Western Asia
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sahawneh,F.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Back pain associated factors in the first and the second national health surveys in Iran 2009
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Payesh - Health Monitor
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
8
Issue
3
Start Page
245
Other Pages
251
Notes
ID: 102442
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
englishPersian
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
To determine Back Pain BKP] associated factors in the First and the Second National Health Surveys in Iran 1st NHS and 2nd NHS]. This study is based on the information obtained from the 1st NHS conducted in the year 1991 and the 2nd NHS conducted in the year 2000 .27752 and 36945 subjects aged 15 and over were interviewed in the 1st NHS and the 2nd NHS respectively, of whom 24589 subjects from the 1st NHS and 36488 subjects from 2nd NHS were included in this study. BKP was considered as dependent variable and number of the surveys 1st NHS, 2nd NHS], residential area, age gender, education, marital status, smoking cigarette, smoking hubble bubble, spinal fractures, mental health, skeletal deformation and Body Mass Index BMI] were considered as independent variables. Logistic regression models have been applied for data analysis, using SPSS soft ware. It is indicated that odds of BKP in the 2nd NHS is less than odds of BKP in the 1st NHS. Odds of BKP increases with increase in age and BMI and it decreases with increase in level of education. Odds of BKP is higher in women and married subjects. Smoking, mental disorder, spinal fracture and skeletal deformation increase the odds of BKP. The findings showed that higher level of education, lower BMI and quitting smoking can help controlling BKP
Descriptors
Back Pain, Risk Factors, Health Surveys, Body Mass Index, Age Factors, Sex Factors, Marital Status, Smoking, Educational Status
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-102442
Book Title
Database
GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Saiepour,Nargess, Zeraatti,Hojjat, Abhari,Roya, Mohammad,Kazem
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Hookah smoking and cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in exclusive/ever hookah smokers 2008
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Harm Reduct J
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
5
Issue
Start Page
19
Other Pages
19
Notes
ID: 18501010
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We have recently published some work on CEA levels in hookah (also called narghile, shisha elsewhere) and cigarette smokers. Hookah smokers had higher levels of CEA than non-smokers although mean levels were low compared to cigarette smokers. However some of them were also users of other tobacco products (cigarettes, bidis, etc.). OBJECTIVES: To find serum CEA levels in ever/exclusive hookah smokers, i.e. those who smoked only hookah (no cigarettes, bidis, etc.), prepared between 1 and 4 times a day with a quantity of up to 120 g of a tobacco-molasses mixture each (i.e. the tobacco weight equivalent of up to 60 cigarettes of 1 g each) and consumed in 1 to 8 sessions. METHODS: Enhanced chemiluminescent immunometric technique was applied to measure CEA levels in serum samples from 59 exclusive male smokers with age ranging from 20-80 years (mean = 58.8 +/- 14.7 years) and 8-65 years of smoking (mean = 37.7 +/- 16.8). 36 non-smokers served as controls. Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the number of preparations; the number of sessions and the total daily smoking time: Light (1; 1; 20 min to 2 hrs to < or = 6 hrs). Because of the nature of distribution of CEA levels among our individuals, Wilcoxon's rank sum two-sample test was applied to compare the variables. RESULTS: The overall CEA levels in exclusive hookah smokers (mean: 3.58 +/- 2.61 ng/ml; n = 59) were not significantly different (p < or = 0.0937) from the levels in non-smokers (2.35 +/- 0.71 ng/ml). Mean levels in light, medium and heavy smokers were: 1.06 +/- 0.492 ng/ml (n = 5); 2.52 +/- 1.15 ng/ml (n = 28) and 5.11 +/- 3.08 ng/ml (n = 26) respectively. The levels in medium smokers and non-smokers were also not significantly different (p < or = 0.9138). In heavy smokers, the CEA levels were significantly higher than in non-smokers (p < or = 0.0001567). CONCLUSION: Overall CEA levels in exclusive hookah smokers were low compared to cigarette smokers. However, heavy hookah smoking substantially raises CEA levels. Low-nitrosamines smokeless tobacco of the SNUS Swedish type could be envisaged as an alternative to smoking for this category of users and also, in a broad harm reduction perspective, to the prevalent low-quality moist snuff called naswar.
Descriptors
Links
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2438352/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-5-19
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sajid,Khan Mohammad, Chaouachi,Kamal, Mahmood,Rubaida
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in hookah smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers 2007
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
J Pak Med Assoc
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Pak.Med.Assoc.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
57
Issue
12
Start Page
595
Other Pages
9
Notes
ID: 18173042
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To find CEA levels in smokers of different categories (hookah smokers, cigarette smokers smoking different brands of cigarettes and different number of cigarettes per day) and to correlate CEA levels with type and rate of smoking. METHODS: A total of 122 cigarette smokers (115 men and 7 women) and 14 hookah smokers (all men) with age ranging from 16-80 years were studied. CEA levels were also measured in 36 non-smokers who served as controls. Enhanced chemilumiscent immunometeric technique was applied to measure CEA levels in our subjects. RESULTS: The mean CEA levels of cigarette smokers were compared with the mean CEA levels observed in hookah smokers (7.16 +/- 10.4 ng/ml) and non-smokers (2.15 +/- 0.68 ng/ml). The mean value of CEA level observed in cigarette smokers, 9.19 +/- 14.9 ng/ml (n=122) was significantly higher than the levels in non-smokers and hookah smokers (p < 0.0067). It was also observed that CEA levels increased with the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The highest levels were observed in smokers who smoke more than 31 cigarettes per day. The smokers that use relatively cheaper brands of cigarettes had higher levels of CEA compared to those who use high quality brands. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the brands of cigarettes (which were ranked on the basis of price) and the rate of smoking both play an important role in raising the CEA levels. Further the common belief that hookah also called narghile or shisha is a relatively safe mode of smoking is not completely correct; a significant proportion of hookah smokers have high levels of CEA although mean levels of hookah smokers were low compared to cigarette smokers.
Descriptors
Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Tobacco, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pakistan, Prospective Studies
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-18173042
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sajid,Khan Mohammad, Parveen,Riffat, Chaouachi,Kamal, Naeem,Ayisha, Mahmood,Rubaida, Shamim,Rahat
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Diving patterns and diving related disease of diving fishermen in Korea 1998
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
31
Issue
1
Start Page
139
Other Pages
156
Notes
ID: 298151
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
Ko
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Diving related disease including decompression sickness is an important occupational health problem and diving fishermen remain a fairly hazardous occupation in Korea. To prevent diving related disease, we investigate diving patterns, incidence of diving related diseases, and contributing factors of 433 diving fishermen of three coast interviewing and mailing questionnaire in 1996. Mean age of divers was 39.7 years, ranged from 24 to 58 years, 92.8% of these were male, and 58.4% of divers were high school graduates. Mean duration of work as a diver was 12.9 years, ranged from 2 to 40 years. It was found that 70.4% of divers were using hookah system, 22.2% of helmet, and only 2.5% SCUBA. About half of them have learned diving skills from other divers. The peak season of diving was from April to June and mean working days were 20.3 days per month during the peak season. On the average, the divers dived 5-6 times, ranged from 1 to 10 times a day with 51.1 minutes of diving time, ranged from 20 to 120 minutes, at 30 m or 40 m in depth, and 35.5 minute of interval on surface. Most divers ascended slowly making decompression stop, yet the decompression profile used was not based on any scientific knowledge except for their own experiences. It appeared that each diving system had slightly different diving patterns. There were 282(65.0%) divers that suffered from DCS in 1995 and 31.2% of divers were given recompression therapy at a medical facility since they worked as diving fishermen. Skin and musculoskeletal complaints were common symptoms of DCS and 39% of divers experienced a voiding difficulty. In univariate analysis, females have an increased frequency of DCS(93% vs 66% for males). Old age, long duration of work, helmet diving, diving time, diving depth, repetitive diving, and blow up were all contributing factors to DCS. It was found that most diving patterns exceed no decompression limit and did not use the standard decompression table. This suggests that most of divers are at high risk of developing diving related disease with prolonged dives and lengthy repetitive diving in deep depth. Considering the diving patterns and economic aspect of professional diving, the incidence of DCS among diving fishermen in Korea will not decrease in the near future. These findings suggest that periodic health surveillance for divers, and education of health and safety are important for reducing the risk of diving related disease in the population of diving fishermen.
Descriptors
4305, 7898, DECOMPRESSIVE INCISION, METER, MEAN
Links
http://www.healthis.org/search_jour/pdf_view.html?code=pv&year=1998&page=139
Book Title
Database
GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sakong,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors