WTS database

Title	Pub Year	SearchLink
Waterpipe Smoking And The DRD2/ANKK1 Genotype	2010	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Egypt Public Health Assoc Periodical, Abbrev. J.Egypt.Public Health Assoc. Pub Date Free Form Volume 85 Issue 4-Mar Start Page 131 Other Pages 48 Notes ID: 21244814 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking is increasingly a worldwide phenomenon. Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology of waterpipe smoking behavior and its genetic determinants. A polymorphism (TaqI) in the 3' untranslated region of the dopamine receptor gene (DRD2), later localized to the neighboring ANKK1 gene, has been previously linked to cigarette smoking. Since all tobacco products share the ability of stimulating the dopaminergic reward system, variation in the DRD2 genotype might be associated with waterpipe smoking addiction. AIM: This study aims to explore genetic variations in DRD2 gene and waterpipe smoking, motives and addiction in Egyptian rural males. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The subjects (N=154) were selected from participants in a household smoking prevalence survey if they were adults, males, currently smoking waterpipe and not smoking cigarettes. Participants were interviewed about their smoking behaviors. Blood samples were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subjects were subsequently classified as either the A1 (presence of at least one A1 allele) or A2 group (A2 homozygotes). RESULTS: The prevalence of A1 genotype was 34.4 % in current waterpipe users, and was associated with the maximum duration before smokers experienced craving to smoke: after adjusting for age of smoking initiation, smoking for addictive motives, and average daily tobacco consumption, the A1 carriers were more likely to experience craving within a shorter duration after abstinence (the first 24 hours) compared to subjects with A2/A2 genotype (Odds ratio OR] 2.70, 95% confidence interval CI]: 1.18 - 6.23). In addition, the frequent visitors of shisha cafes were more likely to be younger, heavy smokers and carriers of A1 allele (OR, 2.52, 95% CI: 1.06-6.02). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This study revealed that the maximum duration before experiencing craving to smoke waterpipe and frequency of visiting cafÃ©s to smoke may be influenced by an inherited variations in the DRD2 genotype. Descriptors Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3622212/?tool=pubmed Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Radwan,Ghada N., Loffredo,Christopher A., El Setouhy,Maged,A., Abdel Hamid,Mohamed, Israel,Ebenezer J., Mohamed,Mostafa K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Bangladesh: lessons learnt from two service strategies employed in Matlab	1983	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian-Pacific population programme news Periodical, Abbrev. Asian Pac.Popul.Programme News. Pub Date Free Form Volume 12 Issue 4 Start Page 25 Other Pages 27 Notes LR: 20141009; JID: 8010275; OID: PIP: 020093; OID: POP: 00130444; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: ASIAN-PACIFIC POPULATION PROGRAMME NEWS; ppublish Place of Publication THAILAND ISSN/ISBN 0125-6718; 0125-6718 Accession Number PMID: 12312729 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; J DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12312729 Abstract PIP: In late 1975 the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) initiated a contraceptive distribution program (CDP) in its field research area in Matlab thana (county) in rural Bangladesh. The project had a dual purpose: to confirm the existence of an unmet demand for contraception; and to assess to what degree it could be met by simply making oral contraceptives (OCs) and condoms available to every household. A total of 154 lady village workers (LVWs) were trained to work as distributors and depot holders of contraceptives. 1 LVW was responsible for about 200 families in the neighborhood of her residence. The initial results of the CDP were encouraging, but the prevalence of contraceptive practice declined thereafter to what appeared to be a plateau of 12% in the 2nd year of the program. This led to substantial modification in the field structure and program activities of the original CDP in late 1977. The modified program replaced the LVWs by a cadre of better educated and better trained female village workers (FVWs), backed up by a strong supervision and technical staff in 70 villages to provide a full range of contraceptives and selected maternal and child health (MCH) services. A group of 20 FVWs is assigned to a subcenter that is staffed by a full time paramedic to provide routine MCH services, IUD services, and referral support. Work routines require each FVW to visit all currently married women of reproductive age of her area fortnightly and to attend meetings at the subcenter to report on progress. The project has 1 woman physician who does regular rounds in the field and provides professional support to a central sterilization clinic in Matlab. 3 components of the project have been fully implemented thus far: family planning services, tetanus immunization, and diarrheal disease treatment. The project effect was a prompt and continuing increase in contraceptive use prevalence rates. The proportion of married women of reproductive age using contraceptives rose rapidly to 32% in the 1st year and stayed at 33% in the 2nd year. The project has been maintaining this use prevalence rate for the last 4 years with only a slight increase to 34% more recently. 1 important observation of the Matlab project is that acceptors tend to cluster geographically producing a wide intervillage variation in contraceptive use prevalence rates. Given the free household distribution of contraceptives by the project, the question arises as to why rates differ among a population which appears to be so homogeneous. Descriptors Asia, Bangladesh, Community Health Workers, Contraception, Contraception Behavior, Delivery of Health Care, Demography, Developing Countries, Family Planning Services, Health, Health Personnel, Health Planning, Health Services, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Organization and Administration, Population Control, Primary Health Care, Contraceptive Distribution, Contraceptive Usage, Demographic Effectiveness, Demographic Impact, Distributional Activities, Family Planning, Family Planning Personnel, Family Planning Programs, Field Workers, Integrated Programs, Maternal-child Health Services, Nonclinical Distribution, Program Activities, Programs, Southern Asia Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rahman,M., Ruzicka,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Hookah smoking: a popular alternative to cigarettes	2011	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tex Dent J Periodical, Abbrev. Tex.Dent.J. Pub Date Free Form Volume 128 Issue 5 Start Page 441 Other Pages 5 Notes ID: 21834366 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Hookah smoking has recently emerged as a popular alternative to cigarette smoking, particularly among young adults. The perception that hookah smoking is cleaner and less harmful than cigarette smoking appears to be key to its increased use, although this is not the case. Hookah tobacco smoking delivers the powerful addictive drug nicotine, higher levels of carbon monoxide than a cigarette as well as many of the carcinogens in cigarette smoke. There is also significantly increased risk associated with secondhand smoke from hookah smoke. Communal hookah use increases the risk of transmission of infectious diseases. Transition from social to individual hookah use is a critical step toward nicotine dependence as well as progression to cigarette use. Prevention and intervention in patients' tobacco use should include discussion of cigarette alternatives including hookah smoking. Descriptors Smoking/adverse effects, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Carcinogens/analysis, Humans, Nicotine/analysis, Risk Factors, Smoke/analysis, Tobacco/chemistry, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects, Young Adult Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-21834366 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Rankin,K. V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Oral self screening among students of Dow University of Health Sciences	2010	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Coll Physicians Surg Pak Periodical, Abbrev. J.Coll.Physicians Surg.Pak. Pub Date Free Form Volume 20 Issue 6 Start Page 357 Other Pages 60 Notes ID: 20642961 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of awareness of oral self screening in terms of clinical site and practice towards addiction among the students of health sciences according to low and high fees status. STUDY DESIGN: Qualitative study, KAP-study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Dow University Campuses, from November 2008 to March 2009. METHODOLOGY: Twelve hundred and fifty undergraduate and graduate (male/female) medical students, filled oral self assessment questionnaire distributed among medical undergraduate and graduate students of the affiliated institutes of the Dow University of Health Sciences divided into those with low and high fees status according to annual tuition fees (less or more than 40,000 Rs). The students were mainly asked about their practices towards addiction include smoking and chewing tobacco and identification of sites effected. White /red striae, ulceration and/or epithelial erosions were detected under oral self examination for preneoplasia. SPSS-13.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Low and high fees college showed contrasting results for addiction among students of DUHS. Addictions prevailed among high fees students group includes betel nut (7.7%), cigarette (3.2%), sheesha (3.1%), quid (3%), 1.1% gutka and 0.7% cigar (0.7%). Compared to betel nut (5%), quid (3.2%), sheesha and cigar (1.5%) each, cigarette (1.2%) and gutka (0.5%) for low fees group of students at DUHS. Intra oral lesions i.e. (ulcer, striae, erosions) were more frequent on gingiva (1.2%) in the low fees group, compared to 0.2% among high fees students group. Angle of mouth had 0.5% frequency for low and 0.7% for high fees group respectively. Tongue lesions were 1.7% for low and 1.0% for the high fees group students. Buccal mucosa had 1.0% and 1.2% lesions respectively for the low and high fees group. Palate lesions were 1.2% for low and 0.8% for high fees group. Floor of the mouth presented 0.7% lesions for high compared to 0.2% lesions for the low fees group students. CONCLUSION: Gingiva showed slightly higher prevalence of lesions for the low fees group students of DUHS. The patterns of addictions were also different according to the socioeconomic status. Descriptors Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Mouth Diseases/prevention & control, Students, Health Occupations/statistics & numerical data, Adult, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Pakistan, Social Class, Young Adult Links http://dx.doi.org/06.2010/JCPSP.357360 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Rasool,Salik, Akram,Sadia, Mirza,Talat, Mohammad,Zehra Abdul, Mohammad,Munira Abdul, Mirza,Amir, Hussain,Imtiaz Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Estimating the beginning of the waterpipe epidemic in Syria	2004	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 4 Issue Start Page 32 Other Pages 32 Notes ID: 15294023 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking is becoming a global public health problem, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). METHODS: We try in this study, which is a cross sectional survey among a representative sample of waterpipe smokers in cafes/restaurants in Aleppo-Syria, to assess the time period for the beginning of this new smoking hype. We recruited 268 waterpipe smokers (161 men, 107 women; mean age +/- standard deviation (SD) 30.1 +/- 10.2, response rate 95.3%). Participants were divided into 4 birth cohorts (1980) and year of initiation of waterpipe smoking and daily cigarette smoking were plotted according to these birth cohorts. RESULTS: Data indicate that unlike initiation of cigarette smoking, which shows a clear age-related pattern, the nineties was the starting point for most of waterpipe smoking implicating this time period for the beginning of the waterpipe epidemic in Syria. CONCLUSION: The introduction of new flavored and aromatic waterpipe tobacco (Maassel), and the proliferation of satellite and electronic media during the nineties may have helped spread the new hype all over the Arab World. Descriptors Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Smoking/epidemiology, Social Perception, Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Restaurants, Sex Factors, Smoking/psychology, Socioeconomic Factors, Syria/epidemiology, Water Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC514554/?tool=pubmed Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Rastam,Samer, Ward,Kenneth D., Eissenberg,Thomas, Maziak,Wasim Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A survey of soil for determination of corrosion factors. On water pipe within Tehran area	1980	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Iranian Journal of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. IRAN.J.PUBLIC HEALTH Pub Date Free Form 1980/ Volume 9 Issue 4-Jan Start Page 11 Other Pages 19 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Iran, methodology, nonbiological model, nonhuman, soil Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Razeghi,M., Behnoud,, Jamshidnia, Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Occupational allergic contact dermatitis in water-pipe renovators from diethylenetriamine in an epoxy resin system	2005	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Contact dermatitis Periodical, Abbrev. Contact Derm. Pub Date Free Form Volume 41 Issue 5 Start Page 297; 83; 11 Other Pages 297; 83; 11 Notes ID: 10554072; ID: i9290215691; ID: i9241593857 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en; en; en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology, Dermatitis, Occupational/etiology, Epoxy Resins/adverse effects, Polyamines/adverse effects, Adult, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/diagnosis, Dermatitis, Occupational/diagnosis, Hand Dermatoses/diagnosis, Hand Dermatoses/etiology, Humans, Male, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking, Health Surveys, Tobacco/adverse effects, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco/toxicity, Tobacco Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-10554072; http://whqlibdoc.who.int/emro/2006/9789290215691_eng.pdf; http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/who-i9241593857 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/; WHOLIS; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/; WHOLIS; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Reed,J., Shaw,S., Mohamed,Mostafa K., Loffredo,Christopher A., Israel,Ebenezer, El Setouhy,Maged, WHO Study Group on Tobacco,Product Regulation Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Young adult smoker risk perceptions of traditional cigarettes and nontraditional tobacco products	2006	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Am J Health Behav Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Behav. Pub Date Free Form Volume 30 Issue 3 Start Page 302 Other Pages 12 Notes ID: 16712444 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To explore risk perceptions of traditional and nontraditional tobacco products (NTPs) among young adult smokers. METHODS: Focus groups with African Americans, non-Hispanic whites, and Hispanics. Risk ratings of light, regular, and menthol cigarettes and of NTPs and marijuana and cigarettes were compared. RESULTS: Participants tended to view light cigarettes as safer than regular cigarettes. Shisha and herbal products were rated as safer than traditional cigarettes, but there were differences in ratings by race/ethnicity, related to preferred cigarette variety. CONCLUSIONS: Health communication messages about the use of cigarettes and NTPs should consider risk perceptions about the products and racial/ethnic differences. Descriptors Attitude to Health, Health Behavior, Marijuana Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco/adverse effects, Adult, African Continental Ancestry Group/psychology, European Continental Ancestry Group/psychology, Exercise/psychology, Focus Groups, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Hispanic Americans/psychology, Humans, Marijuana Smoking/epidemiology, Marijuana Smoking/ethnology, Marijuana Smoking/psychology, Risk Assessment, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking/ethnology, Smoking/psychology, Socioeconomic Factors, Tennessee, Texas Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-16712444 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Richter,Patricia A., Pederson,Linda L., O'Hegarty,Michelle,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Estimates of maximum or average cigarette tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields can be obtained from yields under standard conditions	1986	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 15 Issue 1 Start Page 82 Other Pages 91 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0322116; 0 (Smoke); 0 (Tars); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); EIN: Prev Med 1987 Mar;16(2):290; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0091-7435; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 3714662 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 3714662 Abstract Average yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide per liter of smoke and per cigarette were determined for 10 brands of cigarettes smoked under 27 different conditions (one standard and 26 nonstandard). Per cigarette yields were highly variable across smoking conditions due to differences in the total volume of smoke taken for analysis. The results of a simple linear regression analysis indicated that up to 95% of the variation in tar yield per cigarette could be explained by variations in the total volume of smoke produced per cigarette. Per liter yields for tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide were almost constant over the conditions investigated. Since most smokers inhale less than this amount, yields per liter provide a rough estimate of the maximum amount to which a smoker might be exposed. Yields per liter, taken over all 26 conditions, are highly correlated with per cigarette yields under standard conditions. Consequently, values on one scale can be converted to the other, at least for the 10 brands investigated. The average conversion factor for tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide is 2.5 when proceeding from milligrams per king-size cigarette under standard conditions to milligrams per liter. This relationship is true for both vented and nonvented cigarettes when ventilation holes are not blocked. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Methods, Nicotine/analysis, Plants, Toxic, Smoke/analysis, Smoking, Tars/analysis, Tobacco Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rickert,W. S., Collishaw,N. E., Bray,D. F., Robinson,J. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Perceived factors related to cigarette and waterpipe (ghelyan) initiation and maintenance in university students of Iran	2011	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Int J Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 56 Issue 2 Start Page 175 Other Pages 80 Notes ID: 20020176 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVES: To investigate the perceived factors leading to cigarette and waterpipe (ghelyan) smoking initiation and maintenance in Iranian university students. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 233 students aged 20-25 enrolled in Isfahan University and Kashan University in 2007. Demographic factors as well as cigarette and ghelyan status, and perceived factors related to cigarette or ghelyan smoking initiation and maintenance were recorded. Principal component analysis was carried out to cluster perceived smoking initiation and maintenance factors. RESULT: In a multiple logistic regression model, perceived psychological factors were more significant to cigarette smoking initiation and maintenance than ghelyan smoking among girls (odds ratio, OR = 1.90; P < 0.04) although perceived psychological factors (OR = 2.20; P < 0.001) and social factors (OR = 2.42; P < 0.001) were more significant in cigarette smoking initiation than ghelyan smoking initiation among boys (OR = 2.42; P < 0.001). Moreover, study appears that in boys, perceived entertainment factors could play more significant role in ghelyan smoking initiation compared with cigarette smoking initiation (OR = 0.42; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Whereas the factors related to smoking initiation and maintenance are different in both genders and in both tobacco products, identification of cigarette and ghelyan smoking may guide policy makers to develop comprehensive interventions. Descriptors Health Behavior, Smoking/epidemiology, Students/psychology, Universities, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Iran, Male, Psychology, Sex Factors, Young Adult Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-009-0107-x Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Roohafza,Hamidreza, Sadeghi,Masoumeh, Shahnam,Maryam, Bahonar,Ahmad, Sarafzadegan,Nizal Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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