WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Prevalence of tobacco use among students aged 13-15 years in Health Ministers' Council/Gulf Cooperation Council Member States, 2001-2004	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Sch Health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sch.Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 78 Issue 6 Start Page 337 Other Pages 43 Notes ID: 18489467 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: This article examines differences and similarities in adolescent tobacco use among Member States of the Health Ministers' Council for the Gulf Cooperation Council (HMC/GCC) using Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data. METHODS: Nationally representative samples of students in grades associated with ages 13-15 in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Schools were selected proportional to enrollment size, classes were randomly selected within participating schools, and all students in selected classes were eligible to participate. RESULTS: GYTS results confirmed that boys are significantly more likely than girls to smoke cigarettes or use shisha (water pipe). Students had higher rates of tobacco use than adults in Bahrain, Oman, and United Arab Emirates. For boys and girls, shisha use was higher than cigarette smoking in almost all countries. Susceptibility to initiate smoking among never smokers was higher than current cigarette smoking in all countries. Exposure to secondhand smoke in public places was greater than 30%, direct protobacco advertising exposure was greater than 70% on billboards and in newspapers, and more than 10% of students were influenced by indirect advertising. Finally, less than half of the students were taught in school about the dangers of tobacco use in the past year. CONCLUSIONS: For boys and girls, high prevalence of cigarette smoking, high prevalence of shisha use, and high susceptibility of never smokers to initiate smoking in the next year are troubling indicators for the future of chronic disease and tobacco-related mortality in the Member States of the HMC/GCC. Descriptors Smoking/epidemiology, Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, Middle East/epidemiology, Prevalence Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00311.x Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Moh'd Al-Mulla,Ahmad, Abdou Helmy,Sahar, Al-Lawati,Jawad, Al Nasser,Sami, Ali,Abdel Rahman, Almutawa,Ayesha, Abi Saab,Bassam, Al-Bedah,Abdullah, Al-Rabeah,Abdullah, Ali Bahaj,Ahmed, El-Awa,Fatimah, Warren,Charles W., Jones,Nathan R., Asma,Samira Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Ultrafine particle emissions from waterpipes	2007		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tob Control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Volume 16 Issue 6 Start Page 390 Other Pages 3 Notes ID: 18048615 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVES: Ultrafine particle emissions from waterpipes and their impact on human health have not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to characterise the inhalation pattern of waterpipe smokers, and (a) construct apparatus to simulate waterpipe smoking in the laboratory, and (b) characterise mainstream emissions from waterpipes under different smoking conditions. METHODS: Real life waterpipe smoking patterns were first measured with a spirometer. The average smoking pattern was then mechanically simulated in apparatus. Total particle number concentrations were determined with a condensation particle counter (CPC) for particles between 0.02 microm and 1 microm (P-Trak UPC, Model 8525, TSI) and the particle size fraction was determined with a differential mobility analyser (DMA) for particles from 0.01 microm to 0.5 microm. This instrument was coupled with a laser particle spectrometer for particles between 0.35 microm and 10 microm (Wide Range Particle Spectrometer, Model 1000XP, MSC Corp). Carbon monoxide levels were determined with an electrochemical sensor (Q-Trak monitor, Model 8554, TSI). RESULTS: The tidal volume of an average waterpipe breath of 5 seconds was found to be 1 (SD 0.47) litre. The intervals between breaths on average were 25.5 (SD 10.2) seconds. Particle number concentrations of ultrafine particles in mainstream smoke during waterpipe smoking ranged up to 70 x 10(9) particles per litre. The median diameter of the particles in a full smoking set with charcoal, tobacco and water was 0.04 microm. Smoke from the heated tobacco contributed to particles in the size range between 0.01 microm and 0.2 microm. The glowing piece of charcoal only contributed to particles smaller than 0.05 microm. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking emits large amounts of ultrafine particles. With regard to particle emissions, smoking waterpipes may carry similar health risks to smoking cigarettes. Descriptors Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Smoking/adverse effects, Adult, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Particle Size, Switzerland, Tidal Volume, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Water Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2807191/?tool=pubmed Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Monn,Ch, Kindler,Ph, Meile,A., BrÃ¤ndli,O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Management strategy of emergencies and events in the monitoring of water distribution in Paris	2003	Montiel, F., Soc. Anon. de Gestion l'Eau Paris, 75014 Paris, France	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sc.Technol.Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 2003/ Volume 3 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 483 Other Pages 487 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1606-9749 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract For water distributors, management of emergencies and the follow-up of events in real time represent an essential aspect of their work. Proper management of this information makes for optimization of its use and enables one to avoid a large number of problems regarding water supply thanks to improved reactivity and more precisely-focused action. Since 1992, Sagep (SociÃ©tÃ© Anonyme de Gestion de l'Eau de Paris) to whom the City of Paris has entrusted responsibility for its water supply, has equipped itself with a computerized real-time monitoring system. Initially, this system processed 5,000 pieces of real-time information, which permitted monitoring of the 1,600 km of drinking water pipes and made possible distribution of the 650,000 m3 of drinking water consumed daily by Parisians. In 1996, given the enormous progress achieved with regard to information systems and measuring devices installed in the pipe networks, the Scada at Sagep was modernized. This made possible the integration of the fresh information necessitated by developments in the supply system of the City of Paris, plant renovation, new sensors, the traceability of events and water quality follow-up. These developments led to the integration and management of 17,500 pieces of real-time information, over three-quarters of which are made up of emergencies or events. It seems clear that it is impossible to manage such a mass of real-time information in the absence of a rigorous processing strategy. To exploit this set of data in optimal fashion, Sagep has developed a system of management of emergencies based on three thrusts: identification, qualification and processing. Descriptors drinking water, automation, conference paper, emergency, France, information system, life event, process monitoring, technology, water management, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Montiel,F., Coutelan,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Charcoal emissions as a source of CO and carcinogenic PAH in mainstream narghile waterpipe smoke	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Chem Toxicol Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 46 Issue 9 Start Page 2991 Other Pages 5 Notes ID: 18573302 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Burning charcoal is normally placed atop the tobacco to smoke the narghile waterpipe. We investigated the importance of charcoal as a toxicant source in the mainstream smoke, with particular attention to two well-known charcoal emissions: carbon monoxide (CO) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). CO and PAH yields were compared when a waterpipe was machine smoked using charcoal and using an electrical heating element. The electrical heating element was designed to produce spatial and temporal temperature distributions similar to those measured using charcoal. With a popular type of ma'assel tobacco mixture, and using a smoking regimen consisting of 105 puffs of 530ml volume spaced 17s apart, it was found that approximately 90% of the CO and 75-92% of the 4- and 5-membered ring PAH compounds originated in the charcoal. Greater than 95% of the benzo(a)pyrene in the smoke was attributable to the charcoal. It was also found that the relative proportions of individual PAH species, the "PAH fingerprint", of the mainstream smoke were highly correlated to those extracted from the unburned charcoal (R(2)>0.94). In contrast, there was no correlation between the PAH fingerprint of the electrically heated and charcoal-heated conditions (R(2)<0.02). In addition to inhaling toxicants transferred from the tobacco, such as nicotine, "tar", and nitrosamines, waterpipe smokers thus also inhale large quantities of combustion-generated toxicants. This explains why, despite the generally low temperatures attained in the narghile tobacco, large quantities of CO and PAH have been found in the smoke. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Carcinogens/analysis, Carcinogens/toxicity, Charcoal/analysis, Polycyclic Compounds/analysis, Polycyclic Compounds/toxicity, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/metabolism, Hot Temperature, Temperature, Tobacco/chemistry Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.031 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Monzer,Bassel, Sepetdjian,Elizabeth, Saliba,Najat, Shihadeh,Alan Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Do water pipes prevent transmission of fungi from contaminated marijuana?	1982	Moody, M.M.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The New England journal of medicine Periodical, Abbrev. N.Engl.J.Med. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 306 Issue 24 Start Page 1492 Other Pages 1493 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0028-4793 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors cannabis, water, drug contamination, filtration, fungus, letter, methodology, smoke Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Moody,M. M., Wharton,R. C., Schnaper,N., Schimpff,S. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Defense of Ovid: annotations on Metamorphoses IV 119-123)	2004	Moog, F.P., Institut fÃ¼r Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin - UniversitÃ¤t zu KÃ¶ln.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full WÃ¼rzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen / im Auftrage der WÃ¼rzburger medizinhistorischen Gesellschaft und in Verbindung mit dem Institut fÃ¼r Geschichte der Medizin der UniversitÃ¤t WÃ¼rzburg Periodical, Abbrev. Wurzbg Medizinhist Mitt Pub Date Free Form / Volume 23 Issue Start Page 7 Other Pages 18 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0177-5227 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The description of Pyramus' suicide in the Metamorphoses has been commented on by many scholars. There has been particular criticism of the comparison between the unfortunate lover's wound, squirting out blood, and a burst water-main. This has been supposed to show yet again how Ovid, in spite of his undoubtedly great talent, is capable of ruining a story by exaggeration. Nevertheless, a medical look at his wording leads to quite a different judgement. In his simile of the burst water-main Ovid obviously had in mind the haemorrhage from a damaged femoral artery, which can shoot blood to a considerable distance, sometimes over several yards. Only in this way can the fruits of the mulberry tree, hanging high over the wounded Pyramus, be moistened with blood and painted dark. This is, after all, the metamorphosis which justifies the inclusion of the story in the whole corpus. As it is possible for a person fatally wounded in this way to survive for some hours, the poet has to guarantee that Pyramus dies within minutes of turning his sword against himself. Only so can Thisbe, returning quickly, confess her love for Pyramus in such a heartfelt way and follow him at once. The haemorrhage from a femoral artery my indeed kill a person within a few minutes. Therefore Ovid's description is neither gruesome nor tasteless but simply natural and dramatically conclusive. The comparison with the water-main is one which would easily have occurred to the poet. From Ovid' point of view and that of his contemporaries, who had no knowledge of the circulation of the blood, no better comparison can be imagined than that between the blood vessels of the human body and urban water-pipes, a technical achievement of which the Romans were particularly proud. Descriptors article, bleeding, circulation, femoral artery, history, human, injury, Italy, literature Links Book Title Eine lanze fÃ¼r Ovid - Anmerkungen zu 'Metamorphosen' IV 119-124. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Moog,F. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco use among students aged 13-15 years--Baghdad, Iraq, 2008	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form Volume 58 Issue 12 Start Page 305 Other Pages 8 Notes ID: 19343010 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In 2008, Iraq's parliament ratified the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), which obligates participants to establish tobacco use monitoring, surveillance, and evaluation systems. Lack of data on adolescent tobacco use in Iraq led the Ministry of Health (MOH) to conduct the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Baghdad in 2008. GYTS is a school-based survey of students aged 13--15 years that is self-administered in classes in selected schools. As in most Middle East countries, tobacco use in Iraq takes the form of cigarettes and shisha. Based on GYTS results, 7.4% of students aged 13--15 years reported having ever smoked cigarettes, 12.9% had ever smoked shisha, 3.2% currently smoked cigarettes, and 6.3% currently smoked shisha. Among never smokers aged 13--15 years, 13.0% reported they were likely to initiate cigarette smoking in the next year. Future declines in adolescent tobacco use in Iraq (and Baghdad) could be enhanced by expanding existing tobacco control programs to include prevention and cessation of the use of cigarettes and shisha, implementing measures that discourage adolescents who have never smoked from initiating tobacco use, expanding legislation to ban exposure to secondhand smoke in all indoor workplaces, and enacting legislation banning pro-tobacco advertising and sponsorship. Descriptors Smoking/epidemiology, Students, Adolescent, Advertising as Topic, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Iraq/epidemiology, Male, Public Policy, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-19343010 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Waterpipe smoking as a replacement for cigarette smoking	2007		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pharmazeutische Zeitung Periodical, Abbrev. Pharm.Ztg. Pub Date Free Form 2007/08 Volume 152 Issue 34 Start Page 30 Other Pages Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0031-7136 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors nicotine, tobacco smoke, smoking, human, note, risk reduction, water pipe smoking, world health organization Links Book Title Wasserpfeife als einstieg fÃ¼rs rauchen Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Water pipes made of copper and concentration of heavy metals	2000		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Zeitschrift fur Umweltmedizin Periodical, Abbrev. Zeit.Umweltmed. Pub Date Free Form 2000/ Volume 8 Issue 5 Start Page 281 Other Pages Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1436-3208 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors copper, health hazard, heavy metal poisoning, human, note, pH, risk factor, tube, water analysis, water contamination, water supply Links Book Title Turkiser schimmer im waschbec ken Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Railroad installs 1600 foot wastewater line in 3 days	1975		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. WATER SEWAGE WKS Pub Date Free Form 1975/ Volume 122 Issue 2 Start Page 74 Other Pages 75 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract This paper briefly details the use of Mono Line, a high density polyethylene waste water pipe, for the new industrial waste line at Milwaukee Railroad's St. Paul, Minn. shops. Mono Line is an engineered pipe with a wall thickness based on internal operating pressures and pipe size. It is a pipe designed for direct burial; a high degree of resistance to chemicals makes it ideal for carrying effluents, waste and sewage. It was particularly suitable for the St. Paul yards installation, since leaching action through the cinder fill set up corrosive sulfuric acid conditions destructive to ordinary pipe material. Descriptors environmental health Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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