WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Real-time measurement of indoor particulate matter originating from environmental tobacco smoke: a pilot study	2002	Istituto senza fumo, Istituto nazionale per lo studio e la cura dei tumori, Milano. giovanni.invernizzi@novanet.it	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Epidemiologia e prevenzione Periodical, Abbrev. Epidemiol.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Jan-Feb Volume 26 Issue 1 Start Page 30 Other Pages 34 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8902507; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication Italy ISSN/ISBN 1120-9763; 1120-9763 Accession Number PMID: 11942144 Language ita SubFile Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11942144 Abstract Short-term measurement of suspended particulate matter has been recently made possible since the release of laser-operating portable instruments. Data of a pilot study of field evaluation of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) with a portable instrument are reported. We analysed the concentrations of total suspended particle (TSP) and of the fine particles PM10, PM7, PM2.5 and PM1 released indoor from a single cigarette, and their levels inside smoking- and non-smoking-areas of a restaurant. The results indicate that ETS creates high level indoor particulate pollution, with concentrations of PM10 exceeding air quality standards. This kind of field evaluation could allow a more careful assessing of short-term exposure to ETS and its relevance to public health. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Humans, Pilot Projects, Public Health, Time Factors, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Invernizzi,G., Ruprecht,A., Mazza,R., Majno,E., Rossetti,E., Paredi,P., Boffi,R. Original/Translated Title La misurazione in tempo reale del particolato fine prodotto da fumo di sigaretta negli ambienti indoor: risultati di uno studio pilota URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A pilot study of three methods for the reduction of bacterial contamination of dental unit water systems in routine use	2002	Jatzwauk, L., Dept. for Hospital Infection Control, Universitatsklinik der TU Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of hygiene and environmental health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Hyg.Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form 2002/ Volume 204 Issue 6-May Start Page 303 Other Pages 308 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1438-4639 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Three different methods for minimizing the bacterial contamination of the water system in a SIRONA C2 type dental unit were investigated sequentially. Without any decontamination method, water from the hand piece, air-water-jet and mouthwash were continuously contaminated by 10³ to 10⁵ colony forming units (cfu) of aerobic mesophilic bacteria per milliliter. A reduction to below 100 cfu/ml was achieved by continuous adding of a chemical microbicide based on hydrogen peroxide and silver ions. However, this was only possible after rinsing the system thoroughly for at least two minutes after interruptions of the treatment. Long-lasting low counts of below 100/ml were obtained by means of an in-line bacteria filter, in connection with the provision of a thermo-chemical or thermal decontamination of the water pipes and hand pieces after the filter. The electrolyte release of chlorine from the dental unit tap water by anodic oxidation without addition of any chemical disinfectant also resulted in continuously low colony numbers of the water. In this case, regular decontamination of the end parts of the pipes and hand pieces was not necessary. Descriptors hydrogen peroxide, silver derivative, aerobic bacterium, article, bacterial count, bacterium colony, culture medium, environmental sanitation, hospital waste, intermethod comparison, oxidation, physical chemistry, pilot study, waste water management Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Jatzwauk,L., Reitemeier,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Marine fisheries in Tanzania	2002	Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar. jiddawi@ims.udsm.ac.tz	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ambio Periodical, Abbrev. Ambio Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 31 Issue 8-Jul Start Page 518 Other Pages 527 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0364220; ppublish Place of Publication Sweden ISSN/ISBN 0044-7447; 0044-7447 Accession Number PMID: 12572817 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12572817 Abstract Fishery resources are a vital source of food and make valuable economic contributions to the local communities involved in fishery activities along the 850 km stretch of the Tanzania coastline and numerous islands. Small-scale artisanal fishery accounts for the majority of fish catch produced by more than 43 000 fishermen in the country, mainly operating in shallow waters within the continental shelf, using traditional fishing vessels including small boats, dhows, canoes, outrigger canoes and dinghys. Various fishing techniques are applied using uncomplicated passive fishing gears such as basket traps, fence traps, nets as well as different hook and line techniques. Species composition and size of the fish varies with gear type and location. More than 500 species of fish are utilized for food with reef fishes being the most important category including emperors, snappers, sweetlips, parrotfish, surgeonfish, rabbitfish, groupers and goatfish. Most of the fish products are used for subsistence purposes. However, some are exported. Destructive fishing methods such as drag nets and dynamite fishing pose a serious problem as they destroy important habitats for fish and other organisms, and there is a long-term trend of overharvested fishery resources. However, fishing pressure varies within the country as fishery resources are utilized in a sustainable manner in some areas. For this report more than 340 references about Tanzanian fishery and fish ecology were covered. There are many gaps in terms of information needed for successful fishery management regarding both basic and applied research. Most research results have been presented as grey literature (57%) with limited distribution; only one-fifth were scientific publications in international journals. Descriptors Animals, Anthozoa, Commerce, Conservation of Natural Resources, Data Collection, Environmental Monitoring, Fisheries, Fishes, Humans, Population Dynamics, Ships, Tanzania Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jiddawi,N. S., Ohman,M. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Study of High- and Low- Current-Configuration Homes from the 1988 Denver Childhood Cancer Study	2002	Kaune, W.T., Richland, WA 99352, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bioelectromagnetics Periodical, Abbrev. Bioelectromagnetics Pub Date Free Form / Volume 23 Issue 3 Start Page 177 Other Pages 188 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0197-8462 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract An epidemiological study conducted by Savitz et al. reported that residential wire codes were more strongly associated with childhood cancer than were measured magnetic fields, a peculiar result because wire codes were originally developed to be a surrogate for residential magnetic fields. The primary purpose of the study reported here, known as the Back to Denver (BTD) study, was to obtain data to help in the interpretation of the original results of Savitz et al. The BTD study included 81 homes that had been occupied by case and control subjects of Savitz et al., stratified by wire code as follows: 18 high current configuration (HCC) case homes; 20 HCC control homes; 20 low current configuration (LCC) case homes; and 23 LCC control homes. Analysis of new data acquired in these homes led to the following previously unpublished conclusions. The home-averaged (i.e., mean of fields measured in subjects' bedrooms, family/living rooms, and rooms where meals normally eaten) spot 60 Hz, 180 Hz, and harmonic (i.e., 60-420 Hz) magnetic fields were associated with wire codes. The 180 Hz and harmonic components, but not the 60 Hz component, were associated with case/control status. Measured static magnetic fields were only weakly correlated (r â‰ˆ 0.2) between rooms in homes. The BTD data provide little support for, but are too sparse to definitively test, the 1995 resonance hypothesis proposed by Bowman et al. Case and control homes had similar concentrations of copper in their tap water. Copper concentration was not associated with wire codes nor with the level of electric current carried by a home's water pipe. These results of the BTD study suggest that future case/control studies investigating power frequency magnetic fields might wish to include measurements of 180 Hz or harmonic magnetic fields in order to examine their associations (if any) with disease status. Â© 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Descriptors copper, tap water, article, case control study, child, childhood cancer, concentration (parameters), controlled study, correlation analysis, electric current, electricity, home, human, magnetic field, pipeline, priority journal, United States, water quality Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kaune,W. T., Dovan,T., Kavet,R. I., Savitz,D. A., Neutra,R. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Contact Voltage Measured in Residences: Implications to the Association between Magnetic Fields and Childhood Leukemia	2002	Kavet, R., Environment Department, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA 94303, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bioelectromagnetics Periodical, Abbrev. Bioelectromagnetics Pub Date Free Form / Volume 23 Issue 6 Start Page 464 Other Pages 474 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0197-8462 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We measured magnetic fields and two sources of contact current in 36 homes in Pittsfield, MA. The first source, VP-W is the voltage due to current in the grounding wire, which extends from the service panel neutral to the water service line. This voltage can cause contact current to flow upon simultaneous contact with a metallic part of the water system, such as the faucet, and the frame of an appliance, which is connected to the panel neutral through the equipment-grounding conductor. The second is VW-E, the voltage between the water pipe and earth, attributable to ground currents in the water system and magnetic induction from nearby power lines. In homes with conductive water systems and drains, VW-E can produce a voltage between the faucet and drain, which may produce contact current into an individual contacting the faucet while immersed in a bathtub. VP-W was not strongly correlated to the magnetic field (both log transformed) (r = 0.28; P < 0.1). On the other hand, VW-E was correlated to the residential magnetic field (both log transformed) (r=0.54; P < 0.001), with the highest voltages occurring in homes near high voltage transmission lines, most likely due to magnetic induction on the grounding system. This correlation, combined with both frequent exposure opportunity for bathing children and substantial dose to bone marrow resulting from contact, lead us to suggest that contact current due to VW-E could explain the association between high residential magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. Â© 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Descriptors article, bone marrow cell, childhood disease, conductor, contact voltage, correlation analysis, disease association, dose response, electric potential, equipment design, flow measurement, human, immersion, leukemia, magnetic field, priority journal, residential magnetic field, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kavet,R., Zaffanella,L. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Low-cost failure sensor design and development for water pipeline distribution systems	2002	Khan, A., Dept. of Mechanical/Med. Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Generic Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci. Technol. Pub Date Free Form 2002/ Volume 45 Issue 5-Apr Start Page 207 Other Pages 215 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract This paper describes the design and development of a new sensor which is low cost to manufacture and install and is reliable in operation with sufficient accuracy, resolution and repeatability for use in newly developed systems for pipeline monitoring and leakage detection. To provide an appropriate signal, the concept of a "failure" sensor is introduced, in which the output is not necessarily proportional to the input, but is unmistakably affected when an unusual event occurs. The design of this failure sensor is based on the water opacity which can be indicative of an unusual event in a water distribution network. The laboratory work and field trials necessary to design and prove out this type of failure sensor are described here. It is concluded that a low-cost failure sensor of this type has good potential for use in a comprehensive water monitoring and management system based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Descriptors accuracy, artificial neural network, calibration, conference paper, controlled study, cost, pipeline, sensor, water management, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Khan,A., Widdop,P. D., Day,A. J., Wood,A. S., Mounce,S. R., Machell,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Trends and pattern of tobacco consumption in rural women of Pakistan	2002		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PAFMJ - Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 52 Issue 2 Start Page 208 Other Pages 12 Notes ID: 68689 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A cross sectional study of the trends and pattern of tobacco consumption in rural women of selected villages of Pakistan was conducted to know the existing situation. Total 13 villages were selected according to the proportion of population of each province and accordingly six, four, two and one district from Punjab, Sindh, NWFP, and Baluchistan were selected respectively through simple random sampling. From each village 100 women of age 15 years and above were interviewed at random. Out of 1300 women, 468 36%] were found tobacco users. Majority of tobacco users 30.34%] were smokers of Hubble bubble. Tobacco smoking/Chewing was started at a mean age of 23.19 +/- 10.77 years. The mean age for current tobacco consumption was 39.50 +/- 14.68.A high tobacco consumption rate was observed in illiterate, divorced/widow and women farmers. Hubble bubble smoking in Punjab, Naswar taking in NWFP and Balochistan and Biri smoking in Sindh is common most form of tobacco consumption Descriptors Humans, Female, 13 - 19 YEARS, ABO Blood-Group System - 45 YEARS, Absorption - 64 YEARS, OVER 64 YEARS, Tobacco, Rural Population, Tobacco Use Cessation Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-68689 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Khan,Iqbal Ahmad, Siddiqui,Muhammad Saeed Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Recurrent inner ear decompression sickness associated with a patent foramen ovale	2002	Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery (HNO), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. christoph_klingmann@med.uni-heidelberg.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Otolaryngol.Head.Neck.Surg. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 128 Issue 5 Start Page 586 Other Pages 588 Notes LR: 20060328; JID: 8603209; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0886-4470; 0886-4470 Accession Number PMID: 12003593 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI ocn10516 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12003593 Abstract Isolated inner ear injuries occurring during shallow scuba dives are an uncommon manifestation of decompression sickness in recreational divers. We describe a patient who presented with the typical symptoms of inner ear involvement after 2 independent dives within the decompression limits. The diver reported symptoms of unilateral (right-sided) hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo after dives to 35 and 50 m. After treatment with hyperbaric oxygen, his symptoms completely resolved. To confirm the hypothesis of inner ear decompression sickness (IEDCS), we examined the patient for a right-to-left shunt by cranial Doppler ultrasound and found a patent foramen ovale. The existence of a patent foramen ovale is suspected to be a risk factor for developing neurological symptoms of decompression sickness. There was no evidence of any other risk factors, so we suggest that the relevant right-to-left shunt in our patient may have been the predisposing factor that caused the inner ear symptoms during his scuba dive. Descriptors Adult, Barotrauma/complications/diagnosis/therapy, Diving/injuries, Ear, Inner/injuries, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications/ultrasonography, Humans, Hyperbaric Oxygenation, Male, Risk Factors, Ultrasonography, Doppler Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Klingmann,C., Knauth,M., Ries,S., Kern,R., Tasman,A. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Belowground carbon pools and processes in different age stands of Douglas-fir.	2002	Klopatek, J.M., Department of Plant Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1601, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tree physiology Periodical, Abbrev. Tree Physiol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 22 Issue 3-Feb Start Page 197 Other Pages 204 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0829-318X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Forest floor material and soil organic matter may act as both a source and a sink in global CO2 cycles. Thus, the ecosystem processes controlling these pools are central to understanding the transfers of carbon (C) between the atmosphere and terrestrial systems. To examine these ecosystem processes, the effect of stand age on temporal carbon source-sink relationships was examined in 20-year-old, 40-year-old and old-growth stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in the Cascade Mountains of south-central Washington State. Belowground C and nitrogen (N) storage and soil respiration were measured. In addition, nylon mesh bags containing homogenized soils from each site were buried at the respective sites to quantify root ingrowth and potential C sequestration and loss. The sites supporting the 20- and 40-year-old stands had soil C stores reflecting the C contributions from logging residue, coarse woody debris and stumps left after harvest. Because the N-fixer red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) comprised 33% of the 40-year-old stand, this site had significantly greater concentrations and pools of N in the forest floor than sites without red alder. This N-rich site had consistently lower soil CO2 efflux rates during the growing season than the sites supporting the 20-year-old and old-growth stands. Estimated annual soil C efflux was 1367, 883 and 1194 g m-2 for the sites supporting the 20-, 40- and old-growth stands, respectively. These values are higher than previously reported values. Root ingrowth was significantly less in the 40-year-old stand than in the 20-year-old stand, and both young stands showed markedly less fine root growth than the old-growth stand. At the sites supporting the young stands, C and N were lost from the soil bags, whereas there was an increase in C and N in the soil bags at the site supporting the old-growth stand. The fine root growth and soil respiration data support the hypothesis that belowground C allocation decreases with increasing fertility. Quantification of the source-sink relationship of soil C at the three stands based on litterfall, relative root ingrowth and soil respiration measurements was compromised because of significant CO2 flux from decaying organic matter in the young stands. Descriptors carbon, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, alder, article, Douglas fir, ecosystem, physiology, soil, tree, United States Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Klopatek,J. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The lead content in teeth as a maker of environmental exposure to lead	2002	Kuchenbecker, D., Inst. fur Arbeitsmed./Sozialmedizin, UniversitÃ¤t Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin Periodical, Abbrev. Arbeitsmed.Sozialmed.Umweltmed. Pub Date Free Form 2002/ Volume 37 Issue 8 Start Page 388 Other Pages 393 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0944-6052 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the lead concentration in teeth is influenced by the lead content of the material of drinking water pipes. Collective and method: The lead contents of 235 permanent teeth extracted from 190 inhabitants of Leipzig aged 16-93 years, some of whom had lived in houses with water pipes containing lead from birth, were determined with a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. Results: The lead levels in tooth roots were in the range from 0.5 to 31.1 Î¼g/g dry weight (median 7.0 Î¼g/g). Significant differences were found in the lead concentrations in teeth between people living in houses with water pipes containing lead and those in houses without. Furthermore, the lead content depends on the age of the patient. The tooth lead of younger adults (aged 16-40 years) without additional lead exposure was in the range from 0.5 to 4.6 Î¼g/g dry weight (median 2.2 Î¼g/g), the range for the tooth lead of older dental patients (aged 61-93 years) was found to be from 6.6 to 6.8 Î¼g/g dry weight (median 6.7 Î¼g/g). In the case of patients living in houses with water pipes containing lead, the median lead concentrations in teeth were 7.2 Î¼g/g for younger adults and 14.5 Î¼g/g for older adults. Conclusions: Both previous occupational exposure to lead and non-occupational exposure can be detected in teeth many years after the end of exposure. Descriptors drinking water, lead, adolescent, adult, aged, article, atomic absorption spectrometry, environmental exposure, heavy metal poisoning, household, human, lead poisoning, major clinical study, tooth extraction, water contamination Links Book Title Bleigehalt in zÃ¤hnen als marker einer umweltbedingten bleibelastung Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kuchenbecker,D., Schaffernicht,H., Raddatz,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

E-mail