WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Pattern of tobacco use among the Iranian adult population: results of the national Survey of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases (SuRFNCD-2007)	2010		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tob Control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Volume 19 Issue 2 Start Page 125 Other Pages 8 Notes ID: 20008159 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Previous studies report on smoking in Iran but recent national data on tobacco use (including cigarette, water-pipe and pipe) have not been reported. METHODS: In 2007, 5287 Iranians aged 15-64 years were sampled from all provinces as part of a national cross-sectional survey of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors. Data were collected using the standardised stepwise protocol for NCD risk factor surveillance of the World Health Organization. Use of tobacco products was calculated as the sum of smoking cigarettes/cigars (smoking currently or daily any amount of factory/hand-made cigarettes or cigars), pipes (daily) and water pipes (daily). RESULTS: Total current and daily tobacco use was 14.8% (burden 7.3 million) and 13.7% (burden 6.7 million) when extrapolated to the Iranian population aged 15-64. The prevalence of current and daily cigarette smoking was 12.5% (6.1 million; 23.4% males and 1.4% females) and 11.3% (5.6 million; 21.4 males and 1.4 females); former smokers comprised 1.7 million or 3.4% of the Iranian population (6.2% males and 0.6% females; mean cessation age 34.1). The mean age of starting to smoke was 20.5 years (24.2 males and 20.4 females). The prevalence of water-pipe smoking was 2.7% (burden 1.3 million; 3.5% males and 1.9% females). Water-pipe smokers used the water-pipe on average 3.5 times a day (2.8 males and 4.5 females). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of tobacco use has not escalated over the past two decades. Nonetheless, the burden is high and therefore warrants preventive public health policies. Descriptors Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Iran/epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Rural Population, Sex Factors, Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology, Urban Population, Young Adult Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2989156/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.2009.030759 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Meysamie,Alipasha, Ghaletaki,Reza, Haghazali,Mehrdad, Asgari,Fereshteh, Rashidi,Armin, Khalilzadeh,Omid, Esteghamati,Alireza, Abbasi,Mehrshad Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Lead poisoning: Part I	1995		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Trauma Periodical, Abbrev. TRAUMA Pub Date Free Form 1995/ Volume 37 Issue 1 Start Page 43 Other Pages 67 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0564-1470 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The average American ingests about 100 milligrams of lead per day, or about 1.25 ounces per year. That's not enough to cause lead poisoning in the average person facing the average daily exposure, but exposure to toxic levels of lead in the workplace and the home is still a significant problem. Over 900 specific occupations are estimated to involve significant exposure to lead, and thus a potential risk of lead poisoning. Lead is also ubiquitous in the environment: it is found in soil that has absorbed industrial and petrochemical emissions, paint in old buildings, water pipes and even food that has been stored in cans made with lead solder or prepared with tap water. Low-level exposure of lead has been associated with childhood learning disorders and poor performance on intelligence tests. High-level exposure can cause central nervous system disorders, mental impairment, retardation and death. However, the exact level at which lead begins to cause health problems is unknown. The first part of this two-part article describes the clinical picture and diagnosis of acute and chronic lead poisoning, with a particular emphasis on the developmental problems lead exposure causes in children between the ages of one and six years. These are the persons most commonly at risk of ingesting lead, and the victims who suffer the worst consequences of lead exposure. Descriptors lead, adult, case report, child, human, lead poisoning, male, review Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Michael,M. I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Results of blood examination in Braubach 1990	1991	Miesen, A., Gesundheitsamt Lahnstein.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Periodical, Abbrev. Offentl.Gesundheitswes. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 53 Issue 9-Aug Start Page 575 Other Pages 578 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0029-8573 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In May 1990 491 persons living next to a metallurgical plant in Braubach were examined concerning the concentration of heavy metal in the blood. On account of a modification of the plant, the blood-lead concentration of these persons was, in comparison with former examinations, significantly decreased. Subjects with vocationally exposed relatives showed enhance values. This is probably caused by the penetration of pollutants into the domestic sphere. Contamination of blood by different heavy metals could not be ascertained. Examined hemapaetic parameters were not affected. In scopes with minor lead concentrations in blood indications have proved that the lead pipes of the drinking-water pipe system engendered the contamination. At present further internal neurological and psychological examinations are being performed. Descriptors lead, adolescent, adult, article, blood, chemically induced disorder, child, environmental exposure, female, Germany, human, lead poisoning, male, mass screening, occupational disease Links Book Title Ergebnisse der Blutuntersuchung in Braubach 1990. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Miesen,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Intraspecific variation of DNA per cell between Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. provenances.	1971	Miksche, J.P.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chromosoma Periodical, Abbrev. Chromosoma Pub Date Free Form / Volume 32 Issue 4 Start Page 343 Other Pages 352 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0009-5915 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors DNA, analysis of variance, article, cell nucleus, cytology, densitometry, environment, metabolism, plant seed, spectrophotometry, tree, United States Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Miksche,J. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Preventive practices and non healthy behaviors among female university employees in Saudi Arabia	1999	Milaat, W.A., Department of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Egypt	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bahrain Medical Bulletin Periodical, Abbrev. Bahrain Med.Bull. Pub Date Free Form 1999/ Volume 21 Issue 3 Start Page 75 Other Pages 79 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1012-8298 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objective: To assess the prevalence of non healthy behaviors and the practice of health preventive measures among female university employees in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Subjects and methods: Through a multi-stage stratified sample, a total of 299 female teaching staff and employees were interviewed by trained female medical students using a comprehensive questionnaire to determine non healthy behaviors and preventive measures practiced. Results: Educational level of this group was high and their jobs were mostly in teaching and administration. Only one fourth of them practiced any form of physical exercise weekly and over half of them were either obese or severely obese. Obesity was seen more among mothers and older age groups and physical exercise was practiced more by non Saudis. Cigarette and Shisha smoking were reported by 10% and 11% of the group, respectively. Consumption of fatty foods was prevalent in more than half of university employees, while seat belt use for 20 % of the time or more was very low (21.1%). Low rates of pap smear testing and mammography were reported and breast self examination (BSE) practice is still unpopular among Saudi females. BSE was highly associated with the performance of mammography and medical breast examination, while mammograms were carried out more in employees having relatives with breast cancer. Conclusion and recommendation: Results from this study supports the general picture of obesity, low physical activity and high fat intake among Saudis and emphasizes the need for promoting physical fitness among them. Low rates of preventive screening practices such as mammography and pap smear testing were reported and alarming rates of smoking among them were also documented. This all emphasizes the necessity for public educational efforts to promote healthy dietary habits and lifestyle and implement preventive screening tests. Descriptors academic achievement, adult, article, breast carcinoma, cancer screening, fat intake, female, female worker, fitness, health behavior, health promotion, human, lifestyle, major clinical study, mammography, nutrition, obesity, Papanicolaou test, prevalence, Saudi Arabia, smoking, university Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Milaat,W. A., Al-Bar,H. S., Ghabrah,T. M., Abalkhail,B. A., Suliman,N. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Prevalence of waterpipe smoking among rural pregnant women in Southern Iran	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Med Princ Pract Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 17 Issue 6 Start Page 435 Other Pages 9 Notes ID: 18836270 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of waterpipe smoking among rural pregnant women in Southern Iran and to identify the impact of maternal waterpipe smoking on baby's birth weight. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A population-based survey was conducted in rural areas of Southern Iran in 2004 using existing health records and interviewing all mothers during the 10 days after delivery. Maternal exclusion criteria included cigarette smoking during pregnancy, a history or occurrence of epilepsy, diabetes and hypertension (gestational and/or essential) during pregnancy, factors that have been proved to have detrimental effects on birth weight. RESULTS: Of the 2,808 mothers interviewed, 224 (8%) were waterpipe smokers of which 90 (3.2%) and 134 (4.8%) were occasional (smoking less than once per day) and daily (at least once per day) smokers, respectively. Six hundred and seventy-four (24%) were passively exposed to waterpipe smoke during pregnancy and 322 (11.5%) were exposed to second-hand cigarette smoke. Mothers who started smoking during the first trimester had lower birth weight babies (3,215 +/- 612 g) compared to those who started smoking during the second or third trimesters (3,447 +/- 550 g, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Waterpipe smoking during pregnancy is prevalent in Southern Iran and appears to be a risk factor for low birth weight babies. Descriptors Infant, Low Birth Weight, Pregnancy Outcome, Rural Population, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects, Birth Weight, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Iran/epidemiology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimesters/drug effects, Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data, Prevalence, Risk Factors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000151563 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Mirahmadizadeh,Alireza, Nakhaee,Nouzar Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Safe transport of water and sewage	1974		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. STRASSEN TIEFBAU Pub Date Free Form 1974/ Volume 28 Issue 8-Jul Start Page 36 Other Pages 38 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Safe transport of sewage effluents is ensured by the use of asbestos and cement pressure pipes of 2000 mm gauge which withstand pressures of up to 16 atmospheres. They have excellent properties for this purpose, such as adequate strength; density; negligible chemical, biological, mechanical and electrolytic sensitivities; low incrustration tendency and low resistance to flow. The pipes are 5 m long and are joined together by sleeves and sealed by rubber rings. The pipes are used for the transport of drinking water, the transport of waste waters to treatment plants, and from there towards recirculation. They are also used for well construction and in places where the drinking water and waste water pipe lines are too close to one another. Descriptors environmental health Links Book Title SICHERER TRANSPORT VON WASSER UND ABWASSER Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Mlynarek,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Electricity and water desalination: Separate sites offer value	1996	Moch Jr., I., DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water, air, and soil pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Water Air Soil Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1996/07 Volume 90 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 231 Other Pages 241 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0049-6979 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract For the fuel type and water situation in the Middle East, the case is strong for the use of combined cycle technology for power generation and reverse osmosis for potable water production, where each are sited for their maximum economic benefit and interconnected by electric power transmission. Because of the fuel efficiency of Combined Cycle generation technology, its use of liquid/gas fuels and its low need for cooling water, it can be optimized for cost away from cities. Conversely, water desalination by reverse osmosis can be sited in optimal locations to take advantage of its modularity and to minimize water pipeline needs. Electric power transmission provides an inexpensive and flexible means to connect these two technologies. Together these technologies may offer an overall minimum cost approach, better than the combining of electric power and water desalination at one location, where power to water ratios must be fixed, independent of need, for optimum efficiency. The use of reverse osmosis with power generation has other, important ancillary benefits over using distillation and power combinations. These advantages include abatement of environmental pollution, delivery of potable water at reasonable drinking temperatures, lower total energy consumption, more efficient land use and less demanding operator skills. Descriptors cooling water, cost benefit analysis, desalination, distillation, economic aspect, electric power plant, electricity, Middle East, reverse osmosis, review, water supply, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Moch Jr.,Dr I., Depenbrock,F., Mussalli,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Waterpipe smoking in Kuwait	2010		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full East Mediterr Health J Periodical, Abbrev. East.Mediterr.Health J. Pub Date Free Form Volume 16 Issue 11 Start Page 1115 Other Pages 20 Notes ID: 21218733 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A nonrandom sampIe of 2972 Kuwaitis answered a questionnaire about smoking behaviour and beliefs. More than one-third (35%) were nonsmokers, 45% smoked only the waterpipe, 12% only cigarettes and 8% both waterpipe and cigarettes. Compared with cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers were more likely to be female and to be unskilled manual workers than professionals or students. Waterpipe smokers started the habit at an older age on average than cigarette smokers. Most waterpipe smokers smoked only 1 bowl per day, and smoked mostly at coffee houses. Factor analysis of beliefs about waterpipe smoking resulted in 4 groups of beliefs which explained 50% of the variance. The results are discussed in terms of public health policy and possible risk reduction strategies. Descriptors Attitude to Health/ethnology, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Smoking/ethnology, Water, Adult, Age of Onset, Analysis of Variance, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Health Services Needs and Demand, Health Surveys, Humans, Kuwait/epidemiology, Male, Occupations/statistics & numerical data, Population Surveillance, Sex Distribution, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking/prevention & control, Students/psychology, Students/statistics & numerical data, Questionnaires Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-21218733 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Mohammed,H. R., Zhang,Y., Newman,I. M., Shell,D. F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Sheesha Smoking among a sample of future teachers in Kuwait	2006		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 38 Issue 2 Start Page 107 Other Pages 113 Notes ID: 88051 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract To assess the prevalence of sheesha smoking and the personal, social and environmental factors associated with it. Subjects and A convenience sample of 761 students 261 male, 500 female] in the teacher training program of the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training in Kuwait City answered a 70-question survey regarding sheesha use. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 10. 24.6% of males and 5.5% of the females smoked sheesha. 49.2% of the male sheesha smokers smoked at least one bowl a day, as did 26.9% of the female sheesha smokers. The majority of sheesha smokers first started smoking sheesha at age 18 or older. Almost half were encouraged to smoke sheesha the first time by their friends. The majority of sheesha non-smokers had sheesha non-smokers as friends. Among the sheesha smokers, 59.2% of females and 61.3% of males said all or most of their friends smoked sheesha. Sheesha smokers were more likely than sheesha non-smokers to live in a home where there are other sheesha smokers. Half of the males and one-third of the females who smoked sheesha wanted to quit. The majority of sheesha smokers also smoked cigarettes. Teachers, including female teachers, were frequently seen smoking in their schools. As expected, sheesha smokers had more positive attitudes towards sheesha smoking and were less likely to believe in its harmful effects. This is the first known study of sheesha use among college students in Kuwait. Results suggest efforts to reduce sheesha smoking in this young population should: 1] help young people address pressures from peers, 2] reduce sheesha smoking at home and school environment, 3] counteract personal beliefs and attitudes that contribute to sheesha smoking, and 4] reinforce beliefs about the health risks of sheesha smoking Descriptors Humans, Male, Female, 13 - 19 YEARS, ABO Blood-Group System - 45 YEARS, Smoking/epidemiology, Attitude, Prevalence, Behavior, Faculty, Students, Culture, Teaching Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-88051 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Mohammed,Heyam R. A., Newman,Ian M., Tayeh,Raja Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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