WTS database

Title	Pub Year	SearchLink
Exhaled carbon monoxide with waterpipe use in US students	2008	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full JAMA Periodical, Abbrev. JAMA Pub Date Free Form Volume 299 Issue 1 Start Page 36 Other Pages 8 Notes ID: 18167404 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Exhalation, Smoking/trends, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Adolescent, Adult, Charcoal, Female, Humans, Inhalation, Male, Smoking/adverse effects, Students, United States Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2007.6 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors El-Nachef,Wael, Hammond,S. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Genotoxic effects of waterpipe smoking on the buccal mucosa cells	2008	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Mutat Res Periodical, Abbrev. Mutat.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 655 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 36 Other Pages 40 Notes ID: 18662802 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Waterpipe smoking is popular in many parts of the world. Micronuclei (MN) evaluation in the exfoliated oral cells of smokers is a non-invasive technique for evaluation of possible tobacco harm. We aimed to assess whether MN levels are higher in waterpipe smokers than in never smokers. We examined oral smears of 128 adult male waterpipe smokers and 78 males who never smoked tobacco in rural Egypt. The total number of MN per 1000 cells per subject, and the number of MN-containing cells per individual were compared. We observed a higher level of total MN in waterpipe smokers (10 +/- 4) than in never smokers (4 +/- 2, p < 0.001). A similar difference was found for the mean number of affected cells per individual (8 +/- 3 vs. 4 +/- 1.62, p < 0.001). MN levels were not significantly dose related. This study is among the first to assess the association between waterpipe smoking and a cytogenetic measure of tobacco harm. The twofold increase in MN level is consistent with previous reports of MN in cigarette smokers. More research is needed to determine if such MN levels are predictive of future health consequences. Descriptors Mouth Mucosa/drug effects, Mutagens/toxicity, Smoking/adverse effects, Water, Adult, Age Factors, Demography, Humans, Male, Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective/chemically induced, Middle Aged Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3568951/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.06.014 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors El-Setouhy,Maged, Loffredo,Christopher A., Radwan,Ghada, Abdel Rahman,Rehab, Mahfouz,Eman, Israel,Ebenezer, Mohamed,Mostafa K., Ayyad,Sohair B. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
2-Methyl-6-(6-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenol-2-methyl-6-(5-methyl-1H-benzimid azol-2-yl)phenol (3/1)	2009	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 28-Nov Volume 65 Issue Pt 12 Start Page o3227 Other Pages 8 Notes LR: 20130328; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC2972110; 2009/11/16 [received]; 2009/11/20 [accepted]; 2009/11/28 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 21578934 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536809049770 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21578934 Abstract The title compound, 0.75C(15)H(14)N(2)O.0.25C(15)H(14)N(2)O, is a co-crystal of 2-methyl-6-(6-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenol as the major component and 2-methyl-6-(5-methyl-1H-benz-imidazol-2-yl)phenol as the minor component. The refined site-occupancy ratio is 0.746 (4)/0.254 (4). The conformations of both components are identical except for that of the methyl substituent on the benzene ring of the benzimidazole unit which is positionally disordered over two positions. The mol-ecule is essentially planar, the dihedral angle between the benzimidazole plane and the benzene ring being 3.49 (4) degrees . An intra-molecular O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal packing, mol-ecules are linked through N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds into chains along [201]. These chains are stacked approximately along the a-axis direction. The crystal packing is further stabilized by weak N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and Ocdots, three dots, centeredHcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds, together with weak inter-molecular C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredpi inter-actions. A pi-pi inter-action with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.6241 (6) A is also observed between the substituted phenyl ring and that of the benzimidazole system. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Eltayeb,N. E., Teoh,S. G., Adnan,R., Fun,H. K., Chantrapromma,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091128 PMCID PMC2972110 Editors
Women segmentation based on contraceptive use	1994	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Egyptian population and family planning review Periodical, Abbrev. Egypt.Popul.Fam.Plann.Rev. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 28 Issue 1 Start Page 19 Other Pages 54 Notes LR: 20130308; JID: 8406656; OID: PIP: 111752; OID: POP: 00251674; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: EGYPTIAN POPULATION AND FAMILY PLANNING REVIEW; ppublish Place of Publication EGYPT ISSN/ISBN 1110-1156; 1110-1156 Accession Number PMID: 12290886 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; J DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12290886 Abstract PIP: In the past, the Egyptian Information, Education and Communication Center (IEC) SIS/IEC Center has used research findings to develop messages on the health benefits of family planning to mothers and children, proper use of contraceptive methods, and the need for acquiring correct information. A recent analysis of the 1995 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey data on 9153 currently married women aged 15-49 aimed to generate preliminary audience segments and profiles of different groups of current users, never users, and discontinuers of family planning methods so the Center can develop messages on family planning and birth spacing. 47.1% of all women in the analysis currently used contraception. 19.8% had used contraception, but did not do so currently. 33.1% had never used contraception. The leading factors affecting contraceptive use were husband's approval, husband-wife communications, desire for more children, and religion. Based on what was learned from discontinuers, the Center made two general conclusions. It needs to design special messages targeting discontinuers or never users. These special messages need to concern the groups' knowledge about different family planning methods, side effects, birth spacing methods, and birth limiting methods. Husband involvement in family planning is essential. Thus, the Center needs to develop special messages geared to men. To do so, however, a cluster analysis for husbands would be helpful in message development. Descriptors Africa, Africa, Northern, Behavior, Birth Intervals, Communication, Contraception, Contraception Behavior, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Egypt, Family Planning Services, Health Planning, Health Services Needs and Demand, Information Services, Interpersonal Relations, Marital Status, Marriage, Middle East, Organization and Administration, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Population, Population Dynamics, Acceptor Characteristics--women, Acceptors, Arab Countries, Birth Spacing, Communication Programs, Contraception Termination--women, Contraceptive Usage--women, Currently Married--women, Demographic And Health Surveys, Demographic Factors, Demographic Surveys, Economic Factors, Family Planning, Family Planning Programs, Husband-wife Communication, Iec, Mediterranean Countries, Needs, Nonacceptor Characteristics--women, Nonacceptors, Northern Africa, Nuptiality, Partner Communication, Program Activities, Programs, Research Report Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors El-zanaty,F. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Health problem behaviors in Iranian adolescents: a study of cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity	2010	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Res Med Sci Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 15 Issue 3 Start Page 155 Other Pages 66 Notes ID: 21526075 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: The main purpose of this study was to assess the factorial validity and reliability of the Iranian versions of the personality and behavior system scales (49 items) of the AHDQ (The Adolescent Health and Development Questionnaire) and interrelations among them based on Jessor's PBT (Problem Behavior Theory). METHODS: A multi-staged approach was employed. The cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the internationally recommended methodology, using the following guidelines: translation, back-translation, revision by a committee, and pretest. After modifying and identifying of the best items, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of Persian version using calibration and validation samples of adolescents. Also 113 of them completed it again two weeks later for stability. RESULTS: The findings of the exploratory factor analysis suggested that the 7-factor solution with low self concept, emotional distress, general delinquency, cigarette, hookah, alcohol, and hard drugs use provided a better fitting model. The Î± range for these identified factors was 0.69 to 0.94, the ICC range was 0.73 to 0.93, and there was a significant difference in mean scores for these instruments in compare between the male normative and detention adolescents. The first and second-order measurement models testing found good model fit for the 7-factor model. CONCLUSIONS: Factor analyses provided support of existence internalizing and externalizing problem behavior syndrome. With those qualifications, this model can be applied for studies among Persian adolescents. Descriptors Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3082805/?tool=pubmed Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Eslami,Ahmad Ali, Ghofranipour,Fazlollah, Bonab,Bagher Ghobari, Zadeh,Davood Shojaei, Shokravi,Farkhondeh Amin, Tabatabaie,Mahmoud Ghazi Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Waterpipe (hookah) tobacco smoking among youth. Foreword	2011	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 41 Issue 2 Start Page 33 Other Pages 33 Notes ID: 21232692 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Smoking/epidemiology, Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Humans, Public Health, Risk Factors, United States/epidemiology Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2010.10.019 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Etzel,Ruth A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Diving injuries to the inner ear	1977	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Annals of otology, rhinology & laryngology.Supplement Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Otol.Rhinol.Laryngol.Suppl. Pub Date Free Form Jan-Feb Volume 86 Issue 1 Pt 3 Suppl 36 Start Page 1 Other Pages 20 Notes LR: 20080221; JID: 1256156; OID: NASA: 77132949; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0096-8056; 0096-8056 Accession Number PMID: 402882 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; AIM; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 402882 Abstract Most of the previous literature concerning otologic problems in compressed gas environments has emphasized middle ear barotrauma. With recent increases in commercial, military, and sport diving to deeper depths, inner ear disturbances during these exposures have been noted more frequently. Studies of inner ear physiology and pathology during diving indicate that the causes and treatment of these problems differ depending upon the phase and type of diving. Humans exposed to simulated depths of up to 305 meters without barotrauma or decompression sickness develop transient, conductive hearing losses with no audiometric evidence of cochlear dysfunction. Transient vertigo and nystagmus during diving have been noted with caloric stimulation, resulting from the unequal entry of cold water into the external auditory canals, and with asymmetric middle ear pressure equilibration during ascent and descent (alternobaric vertigo). Equilibrium disturbances noted with nitrogen narcosis, oxygen toxicity, hypercarbia, or hypoxia appear primarily related to the effects of these conditions upon the central nervous system and not to specific vestibular end-organ dysfunction. Compression of humans in helium-oxygen at depths greater than 152.4 meters results in transient symptoms of tremor, dizziness, and nausea plus decrements in postural equilibrium and psychomotor performance, the high pressure nervous syndrome. Vestibular function studies during these conditions indicate that these problems are due to central dysfunction and not to vestibular end-organ dysfunction. Persistent inner ear injuries have been noted during several phases of diving: 1) Such injuries during compression (inner ear barotrauma) have been related to round window ruptures occurring with straining, or a Valsalva's maneuver during inadequate middle ear pressure equilibration. Divers who develop cochlear and/or vestibular symptoms during shallow diving in which decompression sickness is unlikely or during compression in deeper diving, should be placed on bed rest with head elevation and avoidance of maneuvers which result in increased cerebrospinal fluid and intralabyrinthine pressure. With no improvement in symptoms after 48 hours, exploratory tympanotomy and repair of a possible labyrinthine window fistula should be considered. Recompression therapy is contraindicated in these cases... Descriptors Action Potentials, Animals, Auditory Threshold, Cochlea/physiopathology, Cochlear Nerve/physiopathology, Deafness/physiopathology, Decompression, Decompression Sickness/physiopathology, Diving, Ear, Inner/physiopathology, Electroencephalography, Humans, Naval Medicine, Noise, Tinnitus/physiopathology, Tympanic Membrane/injuries, Vertigo/physiopathology, Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiopathology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Farmer,J. C.,Jr Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Inner ear decompression sickness	1976	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Laryngoscope Periodical, Abbrev. Laryngoscope Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 86 Issue 9 Start Page 1315 Other Pages 1327 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8607378; 206GF3GB41 (Helium); S88TT14065 (Oxygen); OID: NASA: 76266481; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0023-852X; 0023-852X Accession Number PMID: 957843 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; S DOI 10.1288/00005537-197609000-00003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 957843 Abstract With recent increases in commercial, military, and sport diving to deeper depths, inner ear injuries during such exposures have been encountered more frequently and noted during several phases of diving: during compression, at stable deep depths, with excessive noise exposure in diving, and during decompression. The pathophysiology of these injuries differs, depending upon the phase of diving in which the injuries occur. In this report, 23 cases of hearing loss, tinnitus, and/or vertigo occurring during or shortly after decompression are presented. Thirteen of these cases occurred in helium-oxygen dives involving a change to air during the latter stages of decompression. A significant correlation is present between prompt recompression treatment, relief of symptoms, and lack of residual deficits. Current knowledge indicates that the management of otologic decompression sickness should include: 1. prompt recompression to at least 99 feet deeper than the symptom onset depth; 2. recompression using the previous helium-oxygen mixture when the injuries occur during or shortly after a switch from helium-oxygen to air during the latter stages of decompression; 3. the use of parenteral diazepam for symptom relief and cyclic inhalations of oxygen enriched treatment gases; and 4. the avoidance of further diving by divers who exhibit permanent inner ear injuries after the acute symptoms have subsided. Descriptors Adult, Air, Deafness/etiology, Decompression Sickness/complications/therapy, Diving, Ear, Inner, Helium, Humans, Oxygen, Tinnitus/etiology, Vertigo/etiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Farmer,J. C., Thomas,W. G., Youngblood,D. G., Bennett,P. B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smoking profile in village in assiut governorate, Egypt	1997	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Assiut Medical Journal Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 21 Issue 1 Start Page 201 Other Pages 211 Notes ID: 50150 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract This field study was conducted at a village in Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt. Systematic random sampling was used and only males aged more than ten years were included. A total of 441 male subjects was studied. A questionnaire was filled in including details of the smoking profile and chest symptoms. The studied group consisted of 64.4% regular-, 8.2% occasional-, 6.1 ex- and 21.3% never- smokers. Hubble-bubble Goza] smoking was exclusively practiced by 46.1% in addition to 17.3% combined cigarette and Goza smoking. The majority 55.6%] were mild smokers. About two thirds started smoking before the age of 20 years and about a half was encouraged to start smoking by a friend, imitation was the main cause of smoking. Smoking habit was significantly more prevalent among the families of smokers compared with never-smokers. There was inverse relation between educational level and prevalence of smoking. Cost of smoking did not differ in accordance with socioeconomic level. Most smokers wished to stop smoking and 40.1% of them had a stop-smoking trial. Illness was the main cause of stopping smoking. About half of regular smokers had chest symptoms in contrast to only 6.4% of the never- smokers. Cough was the most evident chest symptom in the smokers. These detailed baseline data helped in the construction of effective anti-smoking plans and campaigns Descriptors Humans, Male, Abdomen, Acute - 12 YEARS, 13 - 19 YEARS, ABO Blood-Group System - 44 YEARS, Absorption - 63 YEARS, OVER 64 YEARS, Smoking, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Socioeconomic Factors, EPIDEMIOLOGY METHODS^0x Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-50150 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Farouk,Atef, Zarzour,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Association between smoking different tobacco products and periodontal disease indexes	1983	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 54 Issue 8 Start Page 481 Other Pages 487 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8000345; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0022-3492; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 6578319 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.1983.54.8.481 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 6578319 Abstract Six indexes of periodontal health were recorded in cigarette smokers, pipe/cigar smokers and nonsmokers from the Veterans Administration Dental Longitudinal Study. These indexes included calculus deposition, plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, periodontal pocket depth, alveolar bone loss and tooth mobility. Cigarette smokers had significantly more calculus deposition than pipe/cigar smokers, although both smoker groups had more calculus than nonsmokers. Cigarette smokers accumulated slightly less plaque than pipe/cigar smokers, and both smoker groups accumulated less plaque than nonsmokers. Gingival inflammation and tooth mobility did not differ between smokers and nonsmokers, nor between the two smoker groups. Cigarette smokers had significantly greater pocket depth than nonsmokers, in contrast to pipe/cigar smokers who were not different from nonsmokers. Radiographic measurements indicated that cigarette smokers had significantly more alveolar bone loss than either pipe/cigar or nonsmokers. After covariance adjustment for age and calculus, all smokers had less plaque, gingival inflammation and tooth mobility than nonsmokers, similar periodontal pocket depth, but only cigarette smokers had greater bone loss. This finding of greater alveolar bone loss in cigarette smokers suggests a tobacco product-related effect in systemic physiologic action. Descriptors Adult, Age Factors, Dental Calculus/pathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Diseases/etiology/pathology, Periodontal Index, Plants, Toxic, Smoking, Time Factors, Tobacco Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Feldman,R. S., Bravacos,J. S., Rose,C. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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