WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Adapting smoking cessation interventions for developing countries: A model for the Middle East	2004	Ward, K.D., Center for Community Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38157, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Tuberc.Lung Dis. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 8 Issue 4 Start Page 403 Other Pages 413 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1027-3719 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe the rationale and methods for the development of culturally-sensitive smoking cessation interventions for primary care settings in developing countries. RATIONALE: Smokers in the Middle East have great difficulty quitting. Effective smoking cessation programs are currently lacking in the Middle East, and the development of culturally sensitive programs is hindered by the dearth of standardized information regarding tobacco use and dependence in this region. METHODs. Epidemiological and clinical laboratory methods are needed to determine the prevalence and patterns of tobacco use and nicotine dependence. One strategy is to adapt smoking cessation methods widely used in industrialized countries to the Syrian and Middle Eastern environment. In a recently initiated project, the Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies has been established to address these issues. Initial work is focusing on collecting formative data including key informant interviews, focus groups, and epidemiological surveys to assess smokers' use patterns, needs, and resources. Clinical laboratory techniques are also being applied to assess the physiological, behavioral, and subjective effects of local tobacco use methods, such as narghile (water pipe) smoking. These data will be used to help adapt existing smoking cessation interventions from industrialized countries to be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. CONCLUSION: There is a great need to develop and disseminate effective cessation interventions in low-income countries. Successful interventions will contribute to a culturally sensitive and sustainable regional tobacco control infrastructure. This paper describes one approach to the development of such an infrastructure that is currency underway in the Middle East. Descriptors nicotine, developing country, epidemiological data, female, human, industrialization, male, Middle East, prevalence, primary medical care, priority journal, review, smoking, smoking cessation, standardization, tobacco dependence Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Maziak,W., Eissenberg,T., Klesges,R. C., Keil,U., Ward,K. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Patterns of waterpipe use and dependence: implications for intervention development	2005		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pharmacol Biochem Behav Periodical, Abbrev. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Volume 80 Issue 1 Start Page 173 Other Pages 9 Notes ID: 15652393 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Despite the dramatic increase of tobacco smoking via waterpipe in Arab societies, and the apparent potential of waterpipe use to produce tobacco-related disease, little is known about the pharmacological effects of this method of tobacco smoking, particularly its ability to support dependence. This review focuses on recent waterpipe research and current theories of dependence in an attempt to identify patterns of waterpipe use and features likely to reveal dependence. Recent work indicates that, relative to cigarette smoking, this form of tobacco use is characterized by more intermittent use, later age of onset, greater spread among women and lower interest in quitting or appreciation of addictive properties. Waterpipe use is associated with classic features of tobacco/nicotine dependence, as well as features unique to this tobacco use method. However, even shared features of dependence, such as craving and addiction-induced socio-cognitive behavioral changes, can be displayed differently in waterpipe users, indicating the need for waterpipe-specific research approaches. Preliminary evidence suggests that an important step toward dependence involves a transition from social to individual patterns of waterpipe use. Surveillance and research into factors affecting use and cessation of this tobacco use method should pave the way for the development of effective prevention and intervention strategies to curb the burgeoning waterpipe use epidemic. Descriptors Smoking Cessation/methods, Smoking/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Confidence Intervals, Humans, Odds Ratio, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking/trends, Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-15652393 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Maziak,W., Eissenberg,T., Ward,K. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Prevalence and characteristics of narghile smoking among university students in Syria	2004	Maziak, W., Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Tuberc.Lung Dis. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 8 Issue 7 Start Page 882 Other Pages 889 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1027-3719 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract SETTING: Narghile (waterpipe) smoking is increasing in all Arab societies, but little is known about its pattern of use. METHODS: In 2003, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among students at Aleppo University using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. A representative sample of 587 students participated (278 males, 309 females; mean age 21.8 Â± 2.1 years; response rate 98.8%). RESULTS: Ever narghile smoking was seen among 62.6% of men and 29.8% of women, while current smoking was seen among 25.5% of men and 4.9% of women. Only 7.0% of the men used narghile daily. Age of initiation was 19.2 Â± 2.2 and 21.7 Â± 3.2 years for men and women, respectively (P < 0.001). The salient feature of narghile smoking was its social pattern, where most users initiated and currently smoked narghile with friends. Narghile and cigarette smoking were related among students, with narghile smoking most prevalent among daily cigarette smokers. Multivariate correlates of narghile smoking were being older, male, originating from the city, smoking cigarettes, having friends who smoke narghile, and coming from a household where a greater number of narghiles were smoked daily. CONCLUSIONS: Narghile smoking is prevalent among university students in Syria, where it is mainly practiced by men, intermittently, and in the context of social activities with friends. Descriptors adult, age, article, smoking, college student, female, gender, health survey, human, male, prevalence, priority journal, social aspect, social behavior, Syrian Arab Republic Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Maziak,W., Fouad,F. M., Asfar,T., Hammal,F., Bachir,E. M., Rastam,S., Eissenberg,T., Ward,K. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Gender and smoking status-based analysis of views regarding waterpipe and cigarette smoking in Aleppo, Syria	2004	Maziak, W., Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 38 Issue 4 Start Page 479 Other Pages 484 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0091-7435 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Background. Narghile (waterpipe) smoking is increasing across the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR), though little is known about the social attitudes and perceptions related to this method of tobacco use, and how those attitudes and perceptions are influenced by gender. Methods. Data from two cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2003 in Aleppo, Syria, were used to examine these issues. Overall, 855 participants were included (439 men, 416 women; mean age, 24.4Â±7.1 years; response rate, 97%). The current analysis focuses on responses to four similar nine-item questions tapping perceptions related to narghile smoking by women or men, and cigarette smoking by women or men. Scores on the nine items were summed to yield a total score to gauge participants' perceptions about narghile and cigarette. Results. Generally, participants were less positive about women smoking relative to men smoking, and cigarette smoking relative to narghile smoking. Cigarette smoking by women was the behavior least associated with positive perceptions. Individuals who resided in the city, were economically better-off, and were Christian, had higher perception scores (i.e., more positive attitudes) toward all forms of smoking, whereas older and married participants had higher perception scores for narghile only. Smoking status of participants, especially narghile smoking, was also associated with more positive perceptions toward smoking in general. Conclusions. We conclude that preliminary analysis shows that views on different forms of smoking in Syria differ by gender and smoking status. Â© 2003 The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Descriptors adult, article, smoking, controlled study, female, gender, health behavior, health survey, human, interview, male, narghile smoking, normal human, perception, priority journal, questionnaire, sex difference, smoking habit, social behavior, Syrian Arab Republic Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Maziak,W., Rastam,S., Eissenberg,T., Asfar,T., Hammal,F., Bachir,M. E., Fouad,M. F., Ward,K. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco smoking using a waterpipe: a re-emerging strain in a global epidemic	2004		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tob Control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Volume 13 Issue 4 Start Page 327 Other Pages 33 Notes ID: 15564614 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract CONTEXT: The global tobacco epidemic may kill 10 million people annually in the next 20-30 years, with 70% of these deaths occurring in developing countries. Current research, treatment, and policy efforts focus on cigarettes, while many people in developing regions (Asia, Indian subcontinent, Eastern Mediterranean) smoke tobacco using waterpipes. Waterpipes are increasing in popularity, and more must be learned about them so that we can understand their effects on public health, curtail their spread, and help their users quit. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a comprehensive review regarding global waterpipe use, in order to identify current knowledge, guide scientific research, and promote public policy. DATA SOURCES: A Medline search using as keywords "waterpipe", "narghile", "arghile", "shisha", "hookah", "goza", "hubble bubble" and variant spellings (for example, "hooka"; "hukka") was conducted. Resources compiled recently by members of GLOBALink were used. STUDY SELECTION: Every identified published study related to waterpipe use was included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Research regarding waterpipe epidemiology and health effects is limited; no published studies address treatment efforts. Waterpipe use is increasing globally, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, where perceptions regarding health effects and traditional values may facilitate use among women and children. Waterpipe smoke contains harmful constituents and there is preliminary evidence linking waterpipe smoking to a variety of life threatening conditions, including pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, and pregnancy related complications. CONCLUSIONS: More scientific documentation and careful analysis is required before the spread of waterpipe use and its health effects can be understood, and empirically guided treatment and public policy strategies can be implemented. Descriptors Developing Countries/statistics & numerical data, Smoking/epidemiology, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/toxicity, Child, Female, Health Policy, Health Status, Humans, Male, Nicotine/analysis, Nicotine/toxicity, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking/trends, Tobacco/chemistry, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1747964/?tool=pubmed Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Maziak,W., Ward,K. D., Afifi Soweid,R.A., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Standardizing questionnaire items for the assessment of waterpipe tobacco use in epidemiological studies	2005	Maziak, W., Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Public health Periodical, Abbrev. Public Health Pub Date Free Form / Volume 119 Issue 5 Start Page 400 Other Pages 404 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0033-3506 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Lessons from surveillance of the smoking epidemic show that the lack of adequate attention to standardizing measures and instruments for epidemiological studies has negatively influenced our ability to assess spatial and secular trends in smoking worldwide. Waterpipe smoking, another hazardous form of tobacco use, is gaining popularity worldwide, with societies in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) being most affected. Several research groups are currently investigating the epidemiology of waterpipe smoking among various populations in the EMR. Initial evidence shows that in contrast to usage patterns observed in adult cigarette smoking, waterpipe smoking is characterized mainly by intermittent and social use. As such, many measures that have been traditionally used for the study of usage patterns and dependence among adult cigarette smokers are uninformative for waterpipe smoking. Thus, the need to develop standardized measures and terminology for assessment of the epidemiology of waterpipe smoking in different populations is of paramount importance. As the monitoring of waterpipe smoking is in its infancy, the development of consensus measures should facilitate the initiation of effective surveillance that can guide public health response to this emerging epidemic. Â© 2004 The Royal Institute of Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Descriptors article, smoking, consensus, epidemic, health hazard, health survey, human, medical research, monitoring, nomenclature, population research, public health service, questionnaire, social aspect, society, Southern Europe, standardization Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Maziak,W., Ward,K. D., Afifi Soweid,R. A., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Factors related to frequency of narghile (waterpipe) use: The first insights on tobacco dependence in narghile users	2004	Maziak, W., Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, P.O. Box 16542, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 2004/10 Volume 76 Issue 1 Start Page 101 Other Pages 106 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0376-8716 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Aims: To evaluate factors related to level of narghile (waterpipe) use as a first step towards modeling tobacco dependence among narghile users. Design: Cross sectional survey done in 2003 using interviewer-administered anonymous questionnaires. Setting: Cafes/restaurants serving narghiles in Aleppo, Syria. Participants: Narghile smokers (161 men and 107 women; mean age, 30.1 Â± 10.2, 161; age range, 18-68 years; response rate, 95.3%) randomly selected from the 17 cafes/restaurants sampled. Measurements: Frequency of narghile use (daily, weekly, monthly) was assessed as a function of several factors potentially indicative of dependence, including situational characteristics (where, when, and with whom smoking occurs; seasonality of use, and sharing of narghile), attitudes, and experience with quitting narghile use, escalation of use over time, future intentions regarding use, perception of being "hooked" on narghile, and cognitions/behaviors engaged in to support use (carrying one's own narghile; think of narghile when it is not available; considering narghile for selection of cafes/restaurants). Findings: Frequency of narghile use was strongly correlated with participant's subjective judgment of how hooked they are on narghile (coefficient, 0.5). Predictors of narghile use frequency according to multinomial logistic regression were: male gender, smoking mainly alone versus with others; smoking mainly at home versus outside; smoking more frequently since initiation, being hooked on narghile, carrying narghile, and considering it for cafe/restaurant choice. Conclusions: Our data reveal two main domains of a tobacco dependence syndrome likely to be relevant to narghile; the first reflects the effects of nicotine contained in narghile tobacco, and is not very different from what is seen with other tobacco products, and the second is unique to narghile and is related mainly to its social dimension, with more intensive smokers showing an increasingly individual pattern of narghile smoking. Â© 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Descriptors adult, aged, article, behavior, catering service, cognition, correlation analysis, female, human, logistic regression analysis, male, prevalence, priority journal, questionnaire, smoking, Syrian Arab Republic, tobacco dependence, tube Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Maziak,W., Ward,K. D., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in hookah smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers--a comment	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Pak Med Assoc Periodical, Abbrev. J.Pak.Med.Assoc. Pub Date Free Form Volume 58 Issue 3 Start Page 155 Other Pages 155 Notes ID: 18517128 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects, Tobacco/adverse effects, Humans, Pakistan Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-18517128 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Maziak,Wasim Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
CO exposure, puff topography, and subjective effects in waterpipe tobacco smokers	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine Tob Res Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 11 Issue 7 Start Page 806 Other Pages 11 Notes ID: 19420278 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in popularity though the toxicant exposure and effects associated with this tobacco use method are not well understood. METHODS: Sixty-one waterpipe tobacco smokers (56 males; mean age +/- SD, 30.9 +/- 9.5 years; mean number of weekly waterpipe smoking episodes, 7.8 +/- 5.7; mean duration of waterpipe smoking 8.5 +/- 6.1 years) abstained from smoking for at least 24 hr and then smoked tobacco from a waterpipe ad libitum in a laboratory. Before and after smoking, expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) and subjective effects were assessed; puff topography was measured during smoking. RESULTS: The mean waterpipe use episode duration was 33.1 +/- 13.1 min. Expired-air CO increased significantly from a mean of 4.0 +/- 1.7 before to 35.5 +/- 32.7 after smoking. On average, participants took 169 +/- 100 puffs, with a mean puff volume of 511 +/- 333 ml. Urge to smoke, restlessness, craving, and other tobacco abstinence symptoms were reduced significantly after smoking, while ratings of dizzy, lightheaded, and other direct effects of nicotine increased. DISCUSSION: Expired-air CO and puff topography data indicate that, relative to a single cigarette, a single waterpipe tobacco smoking episode is associated with greater smoke exposure. Abstinent waterpipe tobacco smokers report symptoms similar to those reported by abstinent cigarette smokers, and these symptoms are reduced by subsequent waterpipe tobacco smoking. Taken together, these data are consistent with the notion that waterpipe tobacco smoking is likely associated with the risk of tobacco/nicotine dependence. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Administration, Inhalation, Adult, Equipment Design, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Syria, Water, Young Adult Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699927/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntp066 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Maziak,Wasim, Rastam,Samer, Ibrahim,Iman, Ward,Kenneth D., Shihadeh,Alan, Eissenberg,Thomas Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A comparison of proteins from the developing xylem of compression and non-compression wood of branches of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) reveals a differentially expressed laccase	2000	McDougall, G.J., Unit of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry/Cell Biology Division, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD25DA, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of experimental botany Periodical, Abbrev. J.Exp.Bot. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 51 Issue 349 Start Page 1395 Other Pages 1401 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0022-0957 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Soluble and cell wall-associated proteins were extracted from the developing xylem of the compression and non-compression sides of branches of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong) Carr.) by an identical procedure. Equal amounts of proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE, and polypeptides were identified that were more abundant in soluble and cell wall-associated extracts from the developing xylem of either compression or non-compression wood. Two polypeptides (at apparent M(r)S of 48 kDa and 120 kDa) that were more adundant in cell wall-associated extracts of the developing xylem of the compression tissues were selected for amino-terminal protein sequencing. The 48 kDa polypeptide yielded an amino-terminal sequence that had no homology with known protein, gene or EST database sequences. The amino-terminal sequence of the 120 kDa polypeptide was homologous to a number of laccase-type polyphenol oxidases (EC 1.10.3.2) thought to be involved in lignin biosynthesis in trees. Using non-denaturing SDS-PAGE, the 120 kDa laccase was confirmed as a major oxidase activity in extracts of lignifying compression xylem but it was barely detectable in the non-compression extracts where an 85 kDa oxidase was the predominant activity. The differential expression of oxidases in compression and non-compression xylem is discussed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors McDougall,G. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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