WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Diversity, dynamics, and activity of bacterial communities during production of an artisanal Sicilian cheese as evaluated by 16S rRNA analysis	2002	Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied and Environmental Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 68 Issue 4 Start Page 1882 Other Pages 1892 Notes LR: 20140612; JID: 7605801; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); OID: NLM: PMC123848; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0099-2240; 0099-2240 Accession Number PMID: 11916708 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11916708 Abstract The diversity and dynamics of the microbial communities during the manufacturing of Ragusano cheese, an artisanal cheese produced in Sicily (Italy), were investigated by a combination of classical and culture-independent approaches. The latter included PCR, reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA genes (rDNA). Bacterial and Lactobacillus group-specific primers were used to amplify the V6 to V8 and V1 to V3 regions of the 16S rRNA gene, respectively. DGGE profiles from samples taken during cheese production indicated dramatic shifts in the microbial community structure. Cloning and sequencing of rDNA amplicons revealed that mesophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including species of Leuconostoc, Lactococcus lactis, and Macrococcus caseolyticus were dominant in the raw milk, while Streptococcus thermophilus prevailed during lactic fermentation. Other thermophilic LAB, especially Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus fermentum, also flourished during ripening. Comparison of the rRNA-derived patterns obtained by RT-PCR to the rDNA DGGE patterns indicated a substantially different degree of metabolic activity for the microbial groups detected. Identification of cultivated LAB isolates by phenotypic characterization and 16S rDNA analysis indicated a variety of species, reflecting to a large extent the results obtained from the 16S rDNA clone libraries, with the significant exception of the Lactobacillus delbrueckii species, which dominated in the ripening cheese but was not detected by cultivation. The present molecular approaches combined with culture can effectively describe the complex ecosystem of natural fermented dairy products, giving useful information for starter culture design and preservation of artisanal fermented food technology. Descriptors Cheese/microbiology, Colony Count, Microbial, DNA, Bacterial/analysis, Ecosystem, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel/methods, Genetic Variation, Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Analysis, DNA Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Randazzo,C. L., Torriani,S., Akkermans,A. D., de Vos,W. M., Vaughan,E. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC123848 Editors
Risk indicators for periodontal disease in a remote Canadian community--a dental practice-based study	2002	Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of public health dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Public Health Dent. Pub Date Free Form Winter Volume 62 Issue 1 Start Page 51 Other Pages 56 Notes LR: 20091111; JID: 0014207; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-4006; 0022-4006 Accession Number PMID: 14700090 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14700090 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify risk markers and risk indicators for periodontal attachment loss in a remote Canadian community. Of special interest was the association between smoking and periodontal disease experience. METHODS: Data were collected from a convenience sample of 187 adult patients attending a dental office in a rural community located in Northern Ontario. Information was obtained via a questionnaire and a periodontal examination. The questionnaire included the use of dental services, self-care behaviors, general health status, smoking, and personal characteristics. Periodontal health was assessed using the mean periodontal attachment loss (MPAL), measured at two sites on all remaining teeth and the proportions of sites examined with loss of 2 mm or more and 5 mm or more. Plaque scores and measures of the number of missing teeth also were obtained. The relationships between mean periodontal attachment loss, the proportion of sites with 5 mm or more of loss and independent variables such as age, sex, current smoking status, mean tooth plaque scores, flossing frequency, and regularity of preventive dental visits were examined in bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The data revealed a mean periodontal attachment loss of 3.9 mm (SD=1.5). The mean proportion of sites examined with loss of 2 mm or more was 0.89 and the mean proportion with loss of 5 mm or more was 0.35. In linear regression analysis, plaque scores, the number of missing teeth, age, current smoking status, regularity of dental visits, and flossing frequency had statistically significant independent effects and explained 60.0 percent of the variance in mean periodontal attachment loss. Just over 30 percent of subjects had severe periodontal disease, defined as 50 percent or more of sites examined with loss of 5 mm or more. In logistic regression analysis, missing teeth, dental visiting, smoking status, age, and flossing frequency had significant independent effects. The strongest association observed was with smoking, which had an odds ratio of 6.3. The logistic regression model correctly predicted 64.3 percent of cases with severe disease. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that the periodontal health of these patients is poor. Risk indicators or markers of poor periodontal health in the population studied included missing teeth, plaque scores, age, current smoking status, regularity of dental visits, and flossing frequency. This supports previous findings that behavioral factors play an important role in periodontal disease. Descriptors Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dental Care/utilization, Dental Devices, Home Care, Dental Plaque Index, Female, Health Behavior, Health Status, Humans, Linear Models, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Ontario, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Attachment Loss/etiology, Periodontal Index, Risk Assessment, Rural Health, Smoking/adverse effects, Tooth Loss/classification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sbaraglia,M., Turnbull,R. S., Locker,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Levels of maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide and certain cardiovascular parameters following hubble-bubble smoking	2002	Shafagoj, Y.A., Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Saudi medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. Saudi Med.J. Pub Date Free Form 2002/08 Volume 23 Issue 8 Start Page 953 Other Pages 958 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0379-5284 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objective: The physiological effects of cigarette smoking have been widely studied, however, little is known regarding the effects of smoking hubble-bubble. We examined the acute effects of hubble-bubble smoking on heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure and maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide. Methods: This study was carried out in, in the student laboratory, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, during the summer of 1999. In 18 healthy habitual hubble-bubble smokers, heart rate, blood pressure, and maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide was measured before, during and post smoking of one hubble-bubble run (45 minutes). Results: Compared to base line (time zero), at the end of smoking heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide were increased 16 Â± 2.4 beats per minute, 6.7 Â± 2.5 mm Hg, 4.4 Â± 1.6 mm Hg, 5.2 Â± 1.7 mm Hg, and 14.2 Â± 1.8 ppm, (mean Â± standard error of mean, P<.05). Conclusions: Acute short-term active hubble-bubble smoking elicits a modest increase in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide in healthy hubble-bubble smokers. Descriptors carbon monoxide, adult, article, blood pressure, cardiovascular parameters, controlled study, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, human, human experiment, Jordan, laboratory, male, mean arterial pressure, normal human, smoking, summer, systolic blood pressure, university Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Shafagoj,Y. A., Mohammed,F. I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Hubble-bubble (water pipe) smoking: Levels of nicotine and cotinine in plasma, saliva and urine	2002	Shafagoj, Y.A., Dept. of Physiology/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. Pub Date Free Form 2002/ Volume 40 Issue 6 Start Page 249 Other Pages 255 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0946-1965 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to assess the levels of nicotine and cotinine in biological fluids (plasma, saliva, and urine) following hubble-bubble (HB) smoking. Methods: Fourteen healthy male volunteers, aged 28 Â± 8 years, body weight of 82.7 Â± 13.53 kg, participated in the study. All volunteers were habitual HB smokers for 3.29 Â± 1.90 years who smoked at least 3 runs per week with an average of 20 g Mua'sel per run. Volunteers were requested to avoid smoking, at least 84 hours prior to the time of the study. After baseline samples were taken, volunteers started smoking 20 g of Mua'sel for a period of 45 minutes. Heparinized blood samples (5 or 10 ml each) were drawn for nicotine and cotinine analysis before, during and after the smoking period. Saliva samples were collected just before smoking (time 0) and at the end of smoking (45 min). Urine also was collected at time 0 and 24-hour urine collection was also taken to measure nicotine and cotinine excretion. Nicotine and cotinine were extracted from samples and assayed by gas chromatography. All data are presented as mean Â± SEM throughout the text, Tables and Figures unless indicated otherwise. Results: Plasma nicotine levels rose from 1.11 Â± 0.62 ng/ml at baseline to a maximum of 60.31 Â± 7.58 ng/ml (p <0.001) at the end of smoking (45 min). Plasma cotinine levels increased from 0.79 Â± 0.79 ng/ml at baseline to its highest concentration of 51.95 Â± 13.58 ng/ml (p < 0.001) 3 hours following the end of smoking. Saliva nicotine levels significantly rose from 1.05 Â± 0.72 to 624.74 Â± 149.3 ng/ml and also saliva cotinine levels significantly increased from 0.79 Â± 0.79 ng/ml to 283.49 Â± 75.04 ng/ml. Mean amounts of nicotine and cotinine excreted in urine during the 24-hour urine collection following smoking were equal to 73.59 Â± 18.28 and 249 Â± 54.78 Î¼g, respectively. Conclusion: Following a single run of HB smoking, plasma, saliva and urinary nicotine and cotinine concentration increased to high values. This observation suggests that HB may not be an innocent habit, as people believe. Descriptors cotinine, heparin, nicotine, adult, article, blood analysis, blood level, body fluid, body weight, controlled study, gas chromatography, human, male, normal human, saliva level, smoking, smoking cessation, tobacco, urinalysis, urinary excretion, urine level, volunteer Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Shafagoj,Y. A., Mohammed,F. I., Hadidi,K. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The Po River Delta (north Italy) indoor epidemiological study: effects of pollutant exposure on acute respiratory symptoms and respiratory function in adults	2002	Department of Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Ferrara, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archives of Environmental Health Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form Mar-Apr Volume 57 Issue 2 Start Page 130 Other Pages 136 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0212627; 0 (Oxidants, Photochemical); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); S7G510RUBH (Nitrogen Dioxide); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0003-9896; 0003-9896 Accession Number PMID: 12194158 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 10.1080/00039890209602928 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12194158 Abstract The authors studied the effects of relatively low doses of nitrogen dioxide and respirable suspended particulate matter (i.e., < 2.5 mu) on acute respiratory symptoms and on peak expiratory flow in 383 adults (15-72 yr of age) who lived in the Po River Delta area, located near Venice. During 2 wk-1 wk in winter and 1 wk in summer--the authors monitored each participant's house to measure nitrogen dioxide (in parts per billion) and respirable suspended particulate (microgram/m3) concentration. Information on sex, age, height, weight, daily activity patterns, active and passive smoking, chronic respiratory diseases, daily peak expiratory flow, and presence of acute respiratory symptoms during the weeks monitoring occurred were also collected. Peak expiratory flow variation was studied as mean amplitude percentage (i.e., amplitude/mean) and percentage of diurnal variation (maximum/minimum). The exposure indices to nitrogen dioxide (nitrogen dioxide--index of exposure) and to respirable suspended particulate matter (respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure) were computed as the product of pollutant concentration and time of exposure. The authors considered indices as "low" or "high" on the basis of the median value. The median nitrogen dioxide was 20 ppb in winter and 14 ppb in summer; the highest nitrogen dioxide levels occurred in the kitchen in the winter (33 ppb) and summer (20 ppb). The median respirable suspended particulate matter was 68 micrograms/m3 in winter and 45 micrograms/m3 in summer. Only in winter were there significant associations between bronchitic/asthmatic symptoms and "high" nitrogen dioxide and respirable suspended particulate matter indices. In subjects who did not smoke, a significant influence of the "high" respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure was also observed in summer. With respect to peak expiratory flow and its variability, respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure was associated with an increase of both amplitude/mean and maximum/mean; however, with respect to the nitrogen dioxide--index of exposure, the association was significant only in subjects with chronic respiratory diseases (i.e., asthma and bronchitis). These relationships were significant only in winter. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that there is an association between relatively low doses of pollutants and acute respiratory symptoms and peak expiratory flow in adults. Descriptors Acute Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/analysis, Chronic Disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Epidemiological Monitoring, Female, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects/analysis, Italy/epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis/poisoning, Oxidants, Photochemical/analysis/poisoning, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data, Respiratory Tract Diseases/chemically induced/diagnosis/epidemiology, Seasons, Time Factors, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/analysis, Urban Health Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Simoni,M., Carrozzi,L., Baldacci,S., Scognamiglio,A., Di Pede,F., Sapigni,T., Viegi,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Co-operation of private water management sector with municipalities	2002	Kyncl, M., Severomoravske vodovody, kanalizace Ostrava a.s., 709 45 Ostrava, Czech Republic	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sc.Technol.Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 2002/ Volume 2 Issue 4 Start Page 219 Other Pages 224 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1606-9749 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract After 1990 a gradual privatisation of the water and sewerage sector began in the Czech Republic as well as in other Central and Eastern European countries. State assets of public water pipelines and sewerage were transferred to towns and municipalities and joint stock companies were established. Two types of companies appeared-operational and ownership companies. The first type is the operational company that operates the infrastructure assets of public water pipelines and sewerage. These assets stay in the ownership of municipalities. A long term operational contract is agreed that solves the relationship between the owners and operators. The second type is the ownership company that directly owns the infrastructure assets of public water pipelines. Towns and municipalities in this case became shareholders of those companies. At the end of nineties, big international companies bought shares of both operational and ownership companies. Municipalities have to, by law, ensure the operation of public water pipelines. However, by the sale of shares they have lost a possibility to participate in decision making. A question about future co-operation between towns and municipalities and ownership companies appears. An example of the North Moravian Water and Sewerage Works Company was used to describe a possible way of co-operation between a private company and the municipalities on whose territory the company operates. Contracts between the ownership company and particular municipalities were agreed. This solution turned out to be complicated, so the municipalities affiliated and established Water Management Association. The objective of the Association is to promote common interests of the municipalities in relation to the water company. A contract was agreed between the Water Management Association and the company about co-operation in the area of water tariff setting and public waterworks' development. Descriptors article, Czech Republic, decision making, Europe, government, organization, pipeline, water management Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kyncl,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Self-reported school difficulties and tobacco use among fourth- to seventh-grade students	2002	Dept. of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, PO Box 016069 (R-699), Miami, FL 33101, USA. dlee@med.miami.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of school health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sch.Health Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 72 Issue 9 Start Page 368 Other Pages 373 Notes LR: 20071115; JID: 0376370; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-4391; 0022-4391 Accession Number PMID: 12557632 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM; N DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12557632 Abstract This study examined the relationship between academic and behavioral difficulties at school, and tobacco use in students. Participants included 1,219 students in fourth to seventh grade at the time of enrollment. Interviews were repeated eight months later with 85% of baseline participants. Telephone interviews assessed use of cigarettes, cigars, and chewing tobacco; students also were asked if they liked school, how often they got in trouble at school, and how well they were doing in school. At baseline, students reporting school difficulties were 1.4-5.6 times more likely to report a lifetime history of cigarette, cigar, and chewing tobacco use relative to students who did not report these difficulties. Average to below-average academic performance at baseline was predictive of new cigarette use at the eight-month follow-up (Relative Risk = 3.35; 95% Confidence Interval = [1.36, 8.22]). Self-reported school difficulties are associated with lifetime use of all major forms of tobacco and are predictive of future cigarette use in fourth- to seventh-grade students. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Female, Florida/epidemiology, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Students Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lee,D. J., Trapido,E., Rodriguez,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Legionella contamination of hospital water supplies: monitoring of private healthcare facilities in Bologna, Italy	2002	Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of Bologna, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of hospital infection Periodical, Abbrev. J.Hosp.Infect. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 50 Issue 3 Start Page 220 Other Pages 223 Notes LR: 20081121; CI: Copyright 2002; JID: 8007166; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0195-6701; 0195-6701 Accession Number PMID: 11886199 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1053/jhin.2002.1180 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11886199 Abstract The hot water supplies of 11 private healthcare facilities in the city of Bologna, Italy, were monitored for the presence of Legionella spp. Four samplings were made in each establishment over a period of one year and in total 121 samples were collected from distribution points situated near the water-boiler and inside the wards (taps and showers). Legionellae were recovered from all the water supplies in question: Legionella spp. in 86.8% of samples, L. pneumophila in 82.6% of samples. L. pneumophila was found in all the water supplies at levels averaging above 10(4)cfu/L in five health facilities and reaching a maximum concentration of 10(7)cfu/L. The only parameter to have affected the presence of legionellae was the water temperature, which was seen to be inversely correlated to the concentration of Legionella spp. Despite the high levels of contamination from L. pneumophila, no cases of nosocomial Legionnaires' disease were reported during the period of the study. Descriptors Cross Infection/epidemiology, Hospitals, Private, Hot Temperature, Humans, Italy, Legionella/isolation & purification, Legionnaires' Disease/epidemiology, Water Microbiology, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher The Hospital Infection Society Data Source Authors Legnani,P. P., Leoni,E., Corradini,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Sexual reproduction in the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi [Peck] [Coleoptera: Curculionidae]): Implications for population genetic diversity	2002	El-Kassaby, Y.A., Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Heredity Periodical, Abbrev. J.Hered. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 93 Issue 3 Start Page 165 Other Pages 169 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0022-1503 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Controlled mating experiments in the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi [Peck]) indicated that female weevils either stored sperm or fertilized eggs from one season to the next, and were able to colonize Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.) trees without additional mating events. This was interpreted as being beneficial for the insect, in that population establishment in a new habitat could be initiated by dispersing previously mated females without participation of the male. This makes colonization and population/outbreak development more likely as it reduces the need for mate searching in the second season. Paternity identification, based on microsatellite molecular markers, established that the progeny produced in year 2 by females mated only in year 1, were often fathered by more than one male. Multiple paternity, coupled with a lack of parthenogenesis, which was also demonstrated herein, may help to account for the high degree of genetic diversity evidenced in this species. Descriptors article, beetle, dispersion, female, genetic variability, genotype, male, mating, microsatellite marker, nonhuman, parthenogenesis, paternity, population genetics, priority journal, reproduction Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Lewis,K. G., Liewlaksaneeyanawin,C., Alfaro,R. I., Ritland,C., Ritland,K., El-Kassaby,Y. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A case study to detect the leakage of underground pressureless cement sewage water pipe using GPR, electrical, and chemical data	2002	Liu, G., Dept. of Environmental Engineering, College of Geoscience, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 2002/03 Volume 36 Issue 5 Start Page 1077 Other Pages 1085 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0013-936X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The exploration and determination of leakage of underground pressureless nonmetallic pipes is difficult to deal with. A comprehensive method combining Ground Penetrating Rader (GPR), electric potential survey and geochemical survey is introduced in the leakage detection of an underground pressureless nonmetallic sewage pipe in this paper. Theoretically, in the influencing scope of a leakage spot, the obvious changes of the electromagnetic properties and the physical-chemical properties of the underground media will be reflected as anomalies in GPR and electrical survey plots. The advantages of GPR and electrical survey are fast and accurate in detection of anomaly scope. In-situ analysis of the geophysical surveys can guide the geochemical survey. Then water and soil sampling and analyzing can be the evidence for judging the anomaly is caused by pipe leakage or not. On the basis of previous tests and practical surveys, the GPR waveforms, electric potential curves, contour maps, and chemical survey results are all classified into three types according to the extent or indexes of anomalies in order to find out the leakage spots. When three survey methods all show their anomalies as type I in an anomalous spot, this spot is suspected as the most possible leakage location. Otherwise, it will be down grade suspected point. The suspect leakage spots should be confirmed by referring the site conditions because some anomalies are caused other factors. The excavation afterward proved that the method for determining the suspected location by anomaly type is effective and economic. Comprehensive method of GRP, electric potential survey, and geochemical survey is one of the effective methods in the leakage detection of underground nonmetallic pressureless pipe with its advantages of being fast and accurate. Descriptors cement, accuracy, article, chemical analysis, chemical engineering, economic aspect, electric potential, electromagnetic field, geochemistry, physical chemistry, tube, water contamination Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Liu,G., Jia,Y., Liu,H., Qiu,H., Qiu,D., Shan,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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