WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Risk of high copper content in drinking water	1990	Madsen, H., Odense Universitet, afdeling for miljÃ¸medicin.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ugeskrift for laeger Periodical, Abbrev. Ugeskr.Laeg. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 152 Issue 25 Start Page 1806 Other Pages 1809 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0041-5782 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Copper occurs in small amounts in certain food items, but toxic exposures in Northern Europe have occurred only in connection with contaminated drinking water. Chronic exposure of small children can result in development of Indian Childhood Cirrhosis. This disease has recently been documented in Germany as a result of drinking water contaminated from corrosion of water pipes made of copper. Continued diarrhoea in small children can also be due to high copper exposure. Copper is not routinely determined in drinking water in Denmark. Further, no central registration is available concerning water with low pH or the types of water pipes used in houses. Descriptors copper, chemically induced disorder, child, Denmark, diarrhea, human, infant, infantile diarrhea, liver cirrhosis, preschool child, review, risk factor, water pollution, water supply Links Book Title Risici ved hÃ¸jt kobberindhold i drikkevandet. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Madsen,H., Poulsen,L., Grandjean,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Postoperative hypoxemia and oxygen need in bakers compared with cigarette and water pipe smokers	2006	Maghsoudi, B., Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz Univerity of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences Periodical, Abbrev. Iran.J.Med.Sci. Pub Date Free Form 2006/ Volume 31 Issue 3 Start Page 139 Other Pages 142 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0253-0716; 1735-3688 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Background: Hypoxemia is a frequent complication after general anesthesia. It usually takes longer to recover in individuals with respiratory problems. Bakers may suffer from respiratory problems such as asthma. The objective of this study was to compare the occurrence of hypoxemia and duration of supplemental oxygen administration during recovery from general anesthesia in bakers and smokers. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients (55-70 years) undergone elective eye surgeries were assigned to four groups (n=30 each) of cigarette smokers, water pipe smokers, bakers, and controls. Method of anesthesia was routine and the same in all groups. The rate of occurrence of hypoxemia in recovery room was assessed and the duration of supplemental O 2 to treat hypoxemia was measured in each group. Results Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was above 92% before anesthesia in all groups. The rate of occurrence of hypoxemia was significantly higher in bakers (60%) compared to cigarette smokers (36.6%), water pipe smokers (40%) or controls (30%). Mean duration of supplemental O2 administration was shorter in the control group (14Â±9 min) compared to those of cigarette smokers (30Â±16 min), water pipe smokers (28Â±14 min) or bakers (34Â±10 min). Conclusion: Bakers are more prone to the occurrence of postoperative hypoxemia than smokers or normal subjects. However, both bakers and smokers will need careful SaO2 monitoring and longer duration of supplemental O2 administration during recovery from general anesthesia if hypoxemia occurs. Descriptors adult, aged, arterial oxygen saturation, article, asthma, smoking, controlled study, elective surgery, human, hypoxemia, major clinical study, oxygen consumption, postoperative complication, recovery room, respiratory tract disease, work Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Maghsoudi,B., Chohedri,A., Nasser Al-Shreafi,A. A. Original/Translated Title URL http://ijms.sums.ac.ir/31_3/05-Maghsoudi.pdf Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Characterization of submicrometer aqueous iron(III) colloids formed in the presence of phosphate by sedimentation field flow fractionation with multiangle laser light scattering detection	2001	Magnuson, M.L., Natl. Risk Mgmt. Research Laboratory, Water Supply/Water Resources Div., Treatment Technol. Evaluation Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Analytical Chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. Anal.Chem. Pub Date Free Form 2001/10 Volume 73 Issue 20 Start Page 4815 Other Pages 4820 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0003-2700 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Iron colloids play a major role in the water chemistry of natural watersheds and of engineered drinking water distribution systems. Phosphate is frequently added to distribution systems to control corrosion problems, so iron-phosphate colloids may form through reaction of iron in water pipes. In this study, sedimentation field flow fractionation (SdFFF) is coupled on-line with multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) detection to characterize these iron colloids formed following the oxygenation of iron(II) in the presence of phosphate. The SdFFF-MALLS data were used to calculate the hydrodynamic diameter, density, and particle size distribution of these submicrometer colloids. The system was first verified with standard polystyrene beads, and the results compared well with certified values. Iron(III) colloids were formed in the presence of phosphate at a variety of pH conditions. The colloids' hydrodynamic diameters, which ranged from 218 Â± 3 (pH 7) to 208 Â± 4 nm (pH 10), did not change significantly within the 95% confidence limit. Colloid density did increase significantly from 1.12 Â± 0.01 (pH 7) to 1.36 Â± 0.02 g/mL (pH 10). Iron(III) colloids formed at pH 10 in the presence of phosphate were compared to iron(III) colloids formed without phosphate and also to iron(III) colloids formed with silicate. The iron(III) colloids formed without phosphate or silicate were 0.46 g/mL more dense than any other colloids and were >6 times more narrowly distributed than the other colloids. The data suggest competitive incorporation of respective anions into the colloid during formation. Descriptors ferric hydroxide, phosphate, polystyrene, silicate, article, calculation, chemical analysis, corrosion, density, field flow fractionation, hydrodynamics, light scattering, oxygenation, particle size, pH, reaction analysis Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Magnuson,M. L., Lytle,D. A., Frietch,C. M., Kelty,C. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Perception of current smokers towards smoking and its health hazards in Bany Ghany village El-Minia governorate	2001		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full El-Minia Medical Bulletin Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 12 Issue 2 Start Page 170 Other Pages 184 Notes ID: 64840 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The seriousness of health problems caused by tobacco warrents serious attention. The extent to which smokers know the health implications and addictive nature of cigarettes is critical in control of tobacco use thereby, assessment of people's understanding to the health risks of smoking can estimate public awareness which is necessary for tobacco control. This household cross-sectional study was conducted in Bany Ghany village which is 20 km south of El- Minia City with 20 000 inhabitants in September, 2000. The aim of this study was lo describe the knowledge profile of current smokers regarding smoking and its health consequences, and to measure the health toll of smoking on heavy smokers. A household survey was undertaken and the initial screening indicated that 3440 villagers are currently smoking in Bany Ghany with a total prevalence of 17.2 percent. About 20 percent of current smokers 698] were randomly selected from the total smokers to be interviewed. An interview questionnaire was used which include demographic data and smoking history, amount and duration and questions regarding knowledge and encompass most of the possible health risks posed by smoking. Of all smokers interviewed, two hundred heavy smokers 25 or more cigarettes per day] were further subjected to explicit clinical examination. About 52.3 percent of the current smokers were illiterate. 87.8 percent were married and 7 percent were unemployed. Nearly 70 percent initiated smoking as a response to peer pressure and influence of friends. Out of 698 smokers interviewed, 96 percent had the knowledge that smoking is hazardous to health which is risk taking behavior. Almost 30.8 percent were heavy smokers. 40.2 percent were moderate smokers and 29 percent were mild smokers. Nearly two-third of the sample smoke cigarettes alone, 16. 7 percent smoke in addition shisha or Goza, and only 7.9 percent smoke shisha or goza alone. Mean numbers of cigarettes smoked per day was 17.7 +/- 11 25. Mean age of the study sample was 42.1 +/- 132, the mean age of smoking initiation was 20.1 +/- 9.1, and the mean cost of smoking per month was LE 53 +/- 75.5. Mean monthly income was 150.8 +/- 106.3. Mean numbers of quitting trials was 3.2 +/- 3.1. Among the causes of failure of previous trials of quitting were lack of inner drive in 66.7 percent, peer pressure represented 15.7 percent, being not serious in 12.9 percent and lastly not convinced was reported by 4.7 percent of the smokers. Reasons behind resorting to quitting trials was found to be related to occurrence of health problems in 35.2 percent of the cases, economic strain in 20.8 percent of cases and 40. 8 percent of cases were due to the knowledge that smoking can pose health risk, and social conflicts were found to be responsible for quitting trials in 3.2 percent of cases. Mean duration of smoking was found to be significantly longer among those who denied any relation between smoking and cancer or heart disease. On interviewing and examining heavy cigarette smokers, cardiopulmonary manifestations was diagnosed in the form of chronic cough, hypertension and corpulmonale in 55 percent, 8 percent and 15 percent of the total heavy smokers respectively. Community intervention trial for smoking cessation is recommended to change smoking behavior, achieve and maintain cessation Descriptors Humans, Male, ABO Blood-Group System - 45 YEARS, Absorption - 64 YEARS, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Rural Population, Questionnaires, Epidemiologic Studies, Risk Factors, Smoking Cessation Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-64840 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Mahfouz,Eman M., Abdel Aleem,M. Saad, Sadek,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparison of frequency of undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in current or former tobacco smokers having ischaemic heart disease	1997		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form 7-Nov Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes ID: imsear.hellis.org-123456789-139692; ID: imsear.hellis.org-123456789-19946 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en; en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The present study was envisaged to assess the state of oxidative metabolism of neutrophils, recovered from smokers (cigarette, beedi, hookah and mixed products) and non-smokers. Superoxide anion (O2.-) production was significantly higher in neutrophils from all groups of smokers (P < 0.001). Total leukocyte count (TLC) was significantly more in symptomatic subjects among the cigarette, hookah and mixed smokers (P < 0.05). Total neutrophil count (TNC) was significantly higher in symptomatic than asymptomatic subjects of hookah and mixed smoking groups (P < 0.05). In the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in tobacco smokers, the role of leukocytosis, increased neutrophil sequestration into the lung, increased neutrophil toxic oxygen species including superoxide release in the lung may cause direct injury to lung tissues. Descriptors Cigarette smoking, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Hookah smoking, Ischaemic heart disease, Spirometry, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Male Middle Aged, Myocardial Ischemia --epidemiology, Myocardial Ischemia --etiology, Pakistan --epidemiology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive --diagnosis, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive --epidemiology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive --etiology, Severity of Illness Index, Smoking --adverse effects, Adult, Female, Leukocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Neutrophils --metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species --metabolism, Smoking --metabolism, Superoxides --metabolism Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/oai-imsear.hellis.org-123456789-139692; http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/oai-imsear.hellis.org-123456789-19946 Book Title Database IMSEAR; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/; IMSEAR; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Mahmud,Talha, Bokhari,Syed N. H., Aasim,Muhammad, Sharma,R. N., Deva,C., Behera,D., Khanduja,K. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Mobilization of PAHs from the coal-tar lining of water mains as a result of disinfection	1998	Maier, M., Stadtwerke Karlsruhe, 76185 Karlsruhe, Germany	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 1998/ Volume 16 Issue 4-Mar Start Page 211 Other Pages 219 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0735-1917 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Coal-tar was commonly used as an internal lining for corrosion protection of water pipes from the 19th century up to the present. In this project the principal mechanisms for the occurrence of PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in drinking water distribution systems were investigated. The results showed that the occurrence of PAHs in a distribution system was linked to the presence of the disinfectants chlorine and chlorine dioxide. In laboratory experiments it was demonstrated that the coal-tar surface represents a substrate for the growth of biofilms which exhibits protective effects. Generally, hostile environmental conditions for microbiological activity of the biofilm such as disinfection, stagnation periods and anaerobic conditions could be identified as the most important factors to favour the occurrence of PAHs in the drinking water. It was clearly shown that disturbances in the hydraulic regime such as water hammers, operation of valves and rapid increases in flow velocity can result in enhanced PAH concentrations. Immediately after stagnation periods PAH concentrations increased to levels which exceeded the prescribed concentrations of the EC-guideline of 200 ng/l. The destabilisation of the biofilm matrix resulted in the release of particles highly contaminated with PAHs which may be responsible for the contamination of the drinking water. Descriptors chlorine, chlorine dioxide, coal tar, disinfectant agent, drinking water, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, conference paper, disinfection, flow rate, leaching, pipeline, turbidity, United Kingdom, water contamination, water flow, water quality, water supply, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Maier,M., Lloyd,B. J., Maier,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Factors influencing the mobilisation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the coal-tar lining of water mains	2000	Maier, M., University of Surrey, School of Engineering in Environment, Ctr. for Environ. Health Engineering, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form 2000/02 Volume 34 Issue 3 Start Page 773 Other Pages 786 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Coal-tar was commonly used as an internal lining for corrosion protection of water pipes from the 19th century. In this project the principal mechanisms leading to the occurrence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in those water mains were investigated. The results showed that the occurrence of PAHs in a distribution system was linked to the presence of the disinfectants chlorine and chlorine dioxide. In laboratory experiments it was demonstrated that the coal-tar surface represents a substrate for the growth of biofilms which exhibits protective effects. Generally, hostile environmental conditions for microbiological activity of the biofilm such as disinfection, stagnation periods and anaerobic conditions could be identified as important factors which favour the occurrence of PAHs in drinking water. Immediately after stagnation periods an increase of PAH concentrations was observed. Furthermore, it was clearly shown that disturbances in the hydraulic regime such as water hammers, operation of valves and rapid increases in flow velocity can result in enhanced PAH concentrations by the destabilisation of the biofilm matrix or high shear forces affecting the pipe walls resulting in the release of particles highly contaminated with PAHs which may be responsible for the contamination of the drinking water. Descriptors coal tar, drinking water, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, article, biofilm, pollution transport, priority journal, shear stress, water contamination, water flow, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Maier,M., Maier,D., Lloyd,B. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The role of biofilms in the mobilisation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the coal-tar lining of water pipes	2000	Maier, M., University of Surrey, School of Engineering in Environment, Ctr. for Environ. Health Engineering, Guildford GU2 5XH, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 2000/ Volume 41 Issue 5-Apr Start Page 279 Other Pages 285 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The influence of biofilm formation on the coal-tar lining of water pipes in drinking water distribution systems was investigated in batch experiments as well as in a continuously flown circular reactor system. The nutrient source for the growth of the biofilm was only the drinking water and the coal-tar coating on the slides. The growth and existence of the biofilm was examined using different techniques. Leaching experiments showed clearly that the biofilm has protective characteristics because enhanced PAH concentrations could be detected after the removal of the biofilm from the slides. Moreover, the dosage of chlorine as a disinfectant during the reactor experiments gave indication that the chlorination resulted in a destabilisation of the biofilm which lead to elevated PAH concentrations. The results are in correspondence with observations made in real distribution systems where enhanced PAH concentrations were observed during disinfection processes. The examination of coal-tar coated water mains revealed that in addition to the protective effect of a biofilm a vast amount of the PAHs was adsorbed on particles embedded in the biofilm, e.g. from the iron oxidising bacteria Gallionella. Descriptors coal tar, drinking water, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, bacterial growth, biodegradation, biofilm, chlorination, conference paper, leaching, nonhuman, water analysis, water contamination, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Maier,M., Maier,D., Lloyd,B. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Calibration and comparison of chlorine decay models for a test water distribution system	2000	Powell, R.S., Water Operational Reserch Centre, Dept. Manufacturing/Eng. Systems, Brunel University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form 2000/06 Volume 34 Issue 8 Start Page 2301 Other Pages 2309 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract This paper investigates the kinetics of monochloramine as disinfectant in a 1.3 km water pipe. A novel procedure for the correction of chlorine meter errors is introduced and applied. Parameter estimation using nonlinear optimisation procedures is used to identify decay coefficients for monochloramine models with a single coefficient or two coefficients as used in EPANET. Important difficulties in fitting these parameters which come about because of the model structure are highlighted. Finally, results of decay coefficients are presented and investigated for flow, inlet chlorine concentration and temperature dependence. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. Descriptors chlorine, monochloramine, article, chemical reaction kinetics, drug efficacy, model, priority journal, procedures, temperature, water quality, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Maier,S. H., Powell,R. S., Woodward,C. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Understanding youth: using qualitative methods to verify quantitative community indicators	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Health Promot Pract Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 10 Issue 1 Start Page 128 Other Pages 35 Notes ID: 17971480 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Community- and individual-level data were collected from interviews with 1,294 boys and girls, 13 to 19 years old, in three impoverished urban communities of Beirut. Univariate analyses of variables provide quantitative indicators of adolescents' lives and communities. Researchers including the authors, interested in using these indicators to plan for community interventions with youth in the Palestinian refugee camp, discuss the pertinent results with youth from the camp in six focus groups. The authors find that many indicators misrepresent the situation of youth in the camp. For example, adolescents may have underreported cigarette and argileh (water pipe) smoking (8.3% and 22.4%, respectively) because of the lack of social desirability of these behaviors; other questions may have been misunderstood, such as perceived health and health compared to others. Also, important issues for them such as drug abuse, violence, and school problems were not asked. Implications for intervention research are discussed. Descriptors Health Promotion/organization & administration, Health Status Indicators, Poverty Areas, Refugees/psychology, Social Problems, Adolescent, Female, Focus Groups, Humans, Lebanon, Male, Questionnaires, Urban Population, Young Adult Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-17971480 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Makhoul,Jihad, Nakkash,Rima Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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