WTS database

Title	Pub Year	SearchLink
Analysis of primary aromatic amines in the mainstream waterpipe smoke using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry	2011	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Chromatogr A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form Volume 1218 Issue 33 Start Page 5628 Other Pages 37 Notes ID: 21752381 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In recent years waterpipe smoking has spread worldwide and emerged as global health issue. Yet only little is known on the composition of waterpipe smoke. Here, we present a study on the identification and quantification of primary aromatic amines (PAAs) in this complex environmental matrix. Smoking of the waterpipe was conducted with a smoking machine and particulate matter was collected on glass fiber pads. We developed a fast, simple and specific liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach to simultaneously detect 31 different PAAs in this matrix. The detection limits comprised a range of 0.45-4.50 ng per smoking session, represented by 2-aminobiphenyl and 3,4,5-trichloroaniline, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precision were determined and proved excellent. We detected 31.3 Â± 2.2 ng aniline and 28.0 Â± 1.6 ng 4,4'-oxydianiline in the smoke of one waterpipe session. The water in the bowl exerted a small but considerable filter effect on PAAs. The method worked-out showed excellent sensitivity and specificity and is thus highly suited for the determination of PAAs in mainstream waterpipe smoke. Descriptors Amines/analysis, Chromatography, Liquid/methods, Smoke/analysis, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods, Tobacco/chemistry, Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.072 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Schubert,Jens, Kappenstein,Oliver, Luch,Andreas, Schulz,Thomas G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Carcinogenic PAH in waterpipe charcoal products	2010	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Chem Toxicol Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 48 Issue 11 Start Page 3242 Other Pages 5 Notes ID: 20807559 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Because narghile waterpipe (shisha, hooka) smoking normally involves the use of burning charcoal, smoke inhaled by the user contains constituents originating from the charcoal in addition to those from the tobacco. We have previously found that charcoal accounts for most of the polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and carbon monoxide in the smoke of the waterpipe, both of which are present in alarming quantities. Because charcoal manufacturing conditions favor formation of PAH, it is reasonable to assume that charcoal sold off the shelf may be contaminated by PAH residues. These residues may constitute a significant fraction of the PAH inhaled by the waterpipe user and those in her/his vicinity. We measured PAH residues on three kinds of raw waterpipe charcoal sampled from Beirut stores and cafÃ©s. We found that PAH residues in raw charcoal can account for more than half of the total PAH emitted in the mainstream and sidestream smoke, and about one sixth of the carcinogenic 5- and 6-ring PAH compounds. Total PAH content of the three charcoal types varied systematically by a factor of six from the charcoal with the least to the greatest PAH residue. These findings indicate the possibility of regulating charcoal carcinogen content. Descriptors Carcinogens/analysis, Charcoal/chemistry, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/metabolism, Tobacco/chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Hot Temperature, Humans Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3008425/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.08.033 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Sepetdjian,Elizabeth, Saliba,Najat, Shihadeh,Alan Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Measurement of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in narghile waterpipe tobacco smoke	2008	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Chem Toxicol Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 46 Issue 5 Start Page 1582 Other Pages 90 Notes ID: 18308445 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract An analytical method for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the mainstream of narghile smoke is presented. The smoke was generated using a digital waterpipe smoking machine connected to the mouthpiece of a narghile that was loaded with 10 g of a popular flavored tobacco and kept alight with quick-light charcoal briquettes that are commonly used for this purpose. A standard smoking regimen consisting of 171 puffs of 530 ml volume and 2.6s duration spaced 17s apart was used, and the smoke condensates were collected on glass fiber filters. PAHs were extracted with toluene assisted by sonication. For purification, the extract was passed through a silica cartridge and eluted with hexane. The eluent was preconcentrated, reconstituted in acetonitrile, and analyzed using a GC-MS-SICP method. The method showed good selectivity, repeatability, accuracy and sensitivity. The limit of detection ranged from 15 to 96 ng for benzoa]pyrene and indeno1,2,3-cd]pyrene, respectively. It was found that a single narghile smoking session delivers approximately 50 times the quantities of carcinogenic 4- and 5-membered ring PAHs as a single 1R4F cigarette smoked using the FTC protocol. The pattern of PAH concentrations suggested that formation pathways differ from those of the cigarette, possibly reflecting the differing combustion conditions of the two smoking devices. Descriptors Plastics/chemistry, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Smoke/analysis, Tobacco/chemistry, Calibration, Carcinogens/analysis, Chromatography, Gas, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Indicators and Reagents, Reference Standards, Reproducibility of Results Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.12.028 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Sepetdjian,Elizabeth, Shihadeh,Alan, Saliba,Najat A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
N'-[(E)-(4-Bromo-2-thien-yl)methyl-idene]benzohydrazide 0.06-hydrate	2009	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 19-Sep Volume 65 Issue Pt 10 Start Page o2501 Other Pages Notes LR: 20111209; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC2970472; 2009/09/12 [received]; 2009/09/15 [accepted]; 2009/09/19 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 21577950 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536809037350 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21577950 Abstract The title compound, C(12)H(9)BrN(2)OS.0.06H(2)O, is a hydrated Schiff base derived from benzoic hydrazide and 4-bromo-thio-phene-2-carboxaldehide. The two Schiff base mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit differ crystallographically: in one mol-ecule the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and thio-phene ring is 49.88 (11) degrees , whereas the other mol-ecule the rings are almost coplanar with an r.m.s. deviation for the non-H atoms of 0.025 A. In the crystal, mol-ecules form polymeric sheets linked by N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds. The water mol-ecule of crystallization is partially occupied and its H atoms could not be located. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shafiq,Z., Yaqub,M., Tahir,M. N., Hussain,A., Iqbal,M. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090919 PMCID PMC2970472 Editors
The acute effects of Waterpipe smoking on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems	2008	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Prev Med Hyg Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 49 Issue 3 Start Page 101 Other Pages 7 Notes ID: 19278135 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the acute effects of smoking in Waterpipe (WP) smokers in Ajman, United Arab Emirates (UAE). CONTEXT: 202 male volunteers aged > 17 years were included. Blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate values of each participant, before and after a 30 minute smoking session, were measured and compared. Standardized questionnaires were also answered. RESULTS: Mean increases in systolic blood pressure (16 +/- 1 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (2 +/- 0.7 mmHg), heart rate (6.30 +/- 0.60 bpm) and respiratory rate (2 +/- 2 breathes/min) were observed (p < 0.001). 92% of smokers believed Waterpipe smoking (WPS) to be harmful to health and 77% of smokers took up WPS for reasons of leisure. Results from the questionnaire revealed a significant relationship between smokers' beliefs of WPS and attempts to quit smoking ie. smokers who believed waterpipe to be harmful were more likely to try to quit. Education had influence on smokers ideas on WPS. 69% of smokers who claimed hookah is harmful had university qualification and further 23% has highschool qualification. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking Waterpipe has significant effects on both the cardiovascular and respiratory system. Waterpipe smokers despite sound knowledge, show little concern towards health. Education plays an important role and creates awareness about the hazards of smoking practices, including Waterpipe. Descriptors Cardiovascular System, Respiratory System, Smoking/adverse effects, Adolescent, Adult, Blood Pressure, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diastole, Health Behavior, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Risk-Taking, Questionnaires, Systole, Time Factors, United Arab Emirates, Young Adult Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-19278135 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Shaikh,R. B., Vijayaraghavan,N., Sulaiman,A. S., Kazi,S., Shafi,M. S. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco smoking pattern: cigarette vs. hookah	2009	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tanaffos Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 8 Issue 1 Start Page 62 Other Pages 67 Notes ID: 102869 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Smoking causes 5.2 million deaths annually in the world of which 70% occur in developing countries. Hookah smoking is increasing around the world especially in the Eastern Mediterranean Region including Iran. This study was carried out to evaluate the pattern of tobacco smoking in both forms of cigarette and hookah smoking. A cross- sectional study was conducted among a random population in the main squares of Tehran in 2006. The sample size consisted of 2053 people in the age range of 10 to 80 years. Non-Probability Sampling method was used. Questionnaires designed and adapted according to WHO and IUATLD questionnaires given to these people. Forty-six percent of the sample had experienced hookah smoking. The prevalence of occasional hookah smoking in the previous year was 45%, while 10% of the participants used hookah at least once a week, 17.9% at least once a month and 17.1% at least once a year;47.2% of participants had experienced cigarette smoking. Prevalence of daily cigarette smoking was 22.7%; 22.7% of current smokers and 25.01% of non-smokers consumed hookah at least once a week. Prevalence of hookah smoking is very similar among cigarette smokers and non-smokers. In this study the prevalence of cigarette smokers was more than national data and the rate of cigarette and hookah smoking among women was higher than that of other studies in this realm. These issues need to be further investigated and more serious studies are required in this regard Descriptors Humans, Male, Female, Abdomen, Acute - 13 YEARS, 13 - 19 YEARS, ABO Blood-Group System - 45 YEARS, Absorption - 64 YEARS, OVER 64 YEARS, Comparative Study, Smoking/epidemiology, Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Cross-Sectional Studies, Questionnaires Links http://www.nritld.ac.ir/portals/tanaffosjournal/2009/29/dr%20masjedi.pdf Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Sharifi,Hooman, Heydari,Gholam Reza, Emami,Habib, Kashani,Babak Sharif, Tafti,Saeed Fallah, Masjedi,Mohammad Reza Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
intervention program for strengthening tuberculosis control in Alexandria. Part II: raising awareness of secondary school students	2005	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of High Institute of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 35 Issue 3 Start Page 675 Other Pages 688 Notes ID: 78930 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Tuberculosis TB] is making a steady comeback as a global scourge and had been declared a global crisis in 1993. The key for controlling TB is the rapid detection and cure of infectious cases. Thus providing basic information to the public about earliest symptoms of TB as well as reducing levels of prejudice against TB patients can increase diagnostic coverage. The aim of this work was to raise awareness about TB among secondary school students and to evaluate the health education program by measuring the students' knowledge and attitude about TB before and after the health education sessions. The pre-test post-test design was used. Study population was 467 secondary school students selected by stratified random sampling from the six educational districts in Alexandria. A health education program was developed in the form of 12 sessions each one is 90 minute lecture-discussion session followed by 30 minutes questions and answers and aided by slides and posters. A self-administered questionnaire was administered to the students before and after the intervention for evaluation of the program. It consisted of items that cover knowledge, perception on seriousness, and attitude towards TB patients. It revealed poor knowledge about TB before the intervention. Although most students knew that TB is an infectious disease 80.9%], only 44% of the students knew that it was transmitted by droplet infection. 56.5% and 44.1% agreed that HIV/AIDS infection and malnutrition respectively are risk factors for TB. Wasting, night sweating, and productive cough were the known symptoms by 65.9%, 49%, and 54.2%, respectively. Staying in crowded places, smoking specially shisha hubble-bubble], not covering the mouth during sneezing, and coughing and spitting on the floor were considered bad habits that enhance TB transmission by 76.4%, 67.2%, 57%, and 50.1%, respectively. Knowledge about the modes of transmission, symptoms, risk groups, and bad habits that help transmission of TB improved significantly after the intervention. Students who considered TB to be curable represented 49.7% of the sample before intervention and increased to 93.4% after the intervention. Before the intervention, only 11.6% of the students refused isolation of TB patients, 34.3% agreed that TB patients could be treated at home and 30.2% said that they would accept engagement to a previous TB patient. These figures improved significantly to 38.8%, 63.8%, and 50.5%, respectively after the intervention. Knowledge and attitude of students towards TB are generally poor. TB education program implemented in schools can enhance students' knowledge and change their attitude towards TB patients Descriptors Humans, Male, Female, 13 - 19 YEARS, Tuberculosis, Health Education, Students, Schools, Awareness, Questionnaires, Knowledge, Risk Factors, Attitude Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-78930 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Shata,Hanan, Deghedi,Bothaina, Shama,Mona, Koura,Manal, Loutfy,Naguiba Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, "tar", and nicotine in the mainstream smoke aerosol of the narghile water pipe	2005	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Chem Toxicol Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 43 Issue 5 Start Page 655 Other Pages 61 Notes ID: 15778004 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A smoking machine protocol and yields for "tar", nicotine, PAH, and CO are presented for the standard 171-puff steady periodic smoking regimen proposed by Shihadeh et al. Shihadeh, A., Azar, S., Antonios, C., Haddad, A., 2004b. Towards a topographical model of narghile water-pipe cafe smoking: A pilot study in a high socioeconomic status neighborhood of Beirut, Lebanon. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 79(1), 75]. Results show that smokers are likely exposed to more "tar" and nicotine than previously thought, and that pyronsynthesized PAH are present in the "tar" despite the low temperatures characteristic of the tobacco in narghile smoking. With a smoking regimen consisting of 171 puffs each of 0.53l volume and 2.6s duration with a 17 s interpuff interval, the following results were obtained for a single smoking session of 10 g of mo'assel tobacco paste with 1.5 quick-lighting charcoal disks applied to the narghile head: 2.94 mg nicotine, 802 mg "tar", 145 mg CO, and relative to the smoke of a single cigarette, greater quantities of chrysene, phenanthrene, and fluoranthene. Anthracene and pyrene were also identified but not quantified. The results indicate that narghile smoke likely contains an abundance of several of the chemicals thought to be causal factors in the elevated incidence of cancer, cardiovascular disease and addiction in cigarette smokers. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Carcinogens/analysis, Nicotine/analysis, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Smoke/analysis, Tars/chemistry, Tobacco/chemistry, Aerosols, Chrysenes/analysis, Enzyme Inhibitors/analysis, Filtration/instrumentation, Fluorenes/analysis, Humans, Phenanthrenes/analysis, Plants, Toxic, Smoking/adverse effects, Tars/analysis, Temperature, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-15778004 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Shihadeh,Alan, Saleh,Rawad Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Nursing interventions in tobacco-dependent patients with cardiovascular diseases	2009	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annu Rev Nurs Res Periodical, Abbrev. Annu.Rev.Nurs.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 27 Issue Start Page 221 Other Pages 42 Notes ID: 20192106 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Smoking is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This chapter provides an overview of a program of nursing research relevant to tobacco use in patients with CVD. The Women's Initiative for Nonsmoking (WINS) provides a rich demonstration of a key randomized clinical trial (RCT) on the efficacy of smoking cessation in women. The National Institutes of Health priority for data mining of existing RCTs is demonstrated in the numerous presentations of findings from secondary papers from WINS that answer additional research questions relevant to smoking cessation, including the influence of depression on smoking, myths about and underuse of nicotine replacement therapy. The methodological and logistical challenges inherent in tobacco intervention studies are presented, including a discussion of research needed in the measurement of withdrawal symptoms. Additionally, the role and contributions of nurses serving on the federal guideline development process are highlighted. International research activities of the coauthors from Jordan and Korea are also presented, including a discussion of the need for research in waterpipe use. Descriptors Cardiovascular Diseases/nursing, Smoking Cessation/methods, Tobacco Use Disorder/nursing, Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases/rehabilitation, Clinical Trials as Topic, Female, Humans, Jordan/epidemiology, Korea/epidemiology, Male, Nursing Research, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/rehabilitation, United States/epidemiology, Women&apos, s Health Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-20192106 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Shishani,Kawkab, Sohn,Min, Okada,Ayako, Froelicher,Erika Sivarajan Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Breath carbon monoxide levels in different forms of smoking	2011	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci Periodical, Abbrev. Indian J.Chest Dis.Allied Sci. Pub Date Free Form Volume 53 Issue 1 Start Page 25 Other Pages 8 Notes ID: 21446221 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bidi, cigarette, hookah and chillum are common modes of tobacco smoking in India. Many people consider hookah and chillum smoking less toxic because smoke is filtered through water or wet cloth. We evaluated the toxicity of tobacco smoking by measuring end-tidal carbon monoxide (eCO) levels after various modes of smoking. METHODS: Eighteen healthy smokers who smoked bidi, cigarette, hookah and chillum on six days were studied. They smoked one bidi, one cigarette, five minutes hookah, one serve (15 minutes) hookah, five minutes chillum and one serve (15 minutes) chillum on six days randomly. The eCO values were measured before initiation of smoking and for a period of one hour after the smoking session. Increase in eCO values in comparison to baseline after different modes of smoking was compared. RESULTS: In comparison to baseline, mean eCO levels were raised by 4.94 (0.96) parts per million (ppm) immediately and 4.17 (1.07) ppm 60 minutes after cigarette smoking. Bidi smoking caused slightly less increase in mean eCO levels (3.17 0.82]). One serve of hookah and chillum smoking caused elevation of mean eCO values by almost eight-folds higher than that of cigarette smoking. Five minutes of smoking with hookah (22.18 5.29]) and one serve of hookah (33.0 8.76]) and chillum (40.14 12.73]) caused significantly higher values of mean increase in eCO in comparison to cigarette smoking (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: With regard to eCO levels, hookah and chillum smoking are much more toxic than cigarette smoking. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/metabolism, Smoking/metabolism, Adult, Breath Tests, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Tobacco/toxicity Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-21446221 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Singh,Sheetu, Soumya,M., Saini,Anirudh, Mittal,Varun, Singh,Udai Veer, Singh,Virendra Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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