WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Perceptions of the US National Tobacco Quitline Among Adolescents and Adults: A Qualitative Study, 2012-2013	2015	Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8100, Saint Louis, MO 63110. Email: waterse@wudosis.wustl.edu.; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.; Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.; Was	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventing chronic disease Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Chronic Dis. Pub Date Free Form 20-Aug Volume 12 Issue Start Page E131 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160317; GR: P50 CA95815-09S1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 CA175571-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U54 CA153460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101205018; OID: NLM: PMC4556101; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-1151; 1545-1151 Accession Number PMID: 26292062 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.5888/pcd12.150139 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26292062 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Tobacco quitlines are critical components of comprehensive tobacco control programs. However, use of the US National Tobacco Quitline (1-800-QUIT-NOW) is low. Promoting quitlines on cigarette warning labels may increase call volume and smoking cessation rates but only if smokers are aware of, and receptive to, quitline services. METHODS: We conducted qualitative interviews with a diverse subset (n = 159) of adolescent (14-17 y) and adult (>/=18 y) participants of a larger quantitative survey about graphic cigarette warning labels (N = 1,590). A convenience sample was recruited from schools and community organizations in 6 states. Interviews lasted 30 to 45 minutes and included questions to assess basic knowledge and perceptions of the quitline number printed on the warning labels. Data were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: Four themes were identified: available services, caller characteristics, quitline service provider characteristics, and logistics. Participants were generally knowledgeable about quitline services, including the provision of telephone-based counseling. However, some adolescents believed that quitlines provide referrals to "rehab." Quitline callers are perceived as highly motivated - even desperate - to quit. Few smokers were interested in calling the quitline, but some indicated that they might call if they were unable to quit independently. It was generally recognized that quitline services are or should be free, confidential, and operated by governmental or nonprofit agencies, possibly using tobacco settlement funds. CONCLUSION: Future marketing efforts should raise awareness of the nature and benefits of quitline services to increase use of these services and, consequently, reduce tobacco use, improve public health, and reduce tobacco-related health disparities. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Waters,E.A., McQueen,A., Caburnay,C.A., Boyum,S., Sanders Thompson,V.L., Kaphingst,K.A., Kreuter,M.W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150820 PMCID PMC4556101 Editors
Tweeting for and against public health policy: response to the Chicago Department of Public Health's electronic cigarette Twitter campaign	2014	Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States. harrisj@wustl.edu.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 16-Oct Volume 16 Issue 10 Start Page e238 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151029; GR: P30 DK092950/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100959882; OID: NLM: PMC4210950; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/06/18 [received]; 2014/09/09 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 25320863 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.3622 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25320863 Abstract BACKGROUND: In January 2014, the Chicago City Council scheduled a vote on local regulation of electronic cigarettes as tobacco products. One week prior to the vote, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) released a series of messages about electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) through its Twitter account. Shortly after the messages, or tweets, were released, the department's Twitter account became the target of a "Twitter bomb" by Twitter users sending more than 600 tweets in one week against the proposed regulation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to examine the messages and tweet patterns in the social media response to the CDPH e-cigarette campaign. METHODS: We collected all tweets mentioning the CDPH in the week between the e-cigarette campaign and the vote on the new local e-cigarette policy. We conducted a content analysis of the tweets, used descriptive statistics to examine characteristics of involved Twitter users, and used network visualization and descriptive statistics to identify Twitter users prominent in the conversation. RESULTS: Of the 683 tweets mentioning CDPH during the week, 609 (89.2%) were anti-policy. More than half of anti-policy tweets were about use of electronic cigarettes for cessation as a healthier alternative to combustible cigarettes (358/609, 58.8%). Just over one-third of anti-policy tweets asserted that the health department was lying or disseminating propaganda (224/609, 36.8%). Approximately 14% (96/683, 14.1%) of the tweets used an account or included elements consistent with "astroturfing"-a strategy employed to promote a false sense of consensus around an idea. Few Twitter users were from the Chicago area; Twitter users from Chicago were significantly more likely than expected to tweet in support of the policy. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings may assist public health organizations to anticipate, recognize, and respond to coordinated social media campaigns. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Harris,J.K., Moreland-Russell,S., Choucair,B., Mansour,R., Staub,M., Simmons,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141016 PMCID PMC4210950 Editors
Characterizing the followers and tweets of a marijuana-focused Twitter handle	2014	Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States. rehgp@psychiatry.wustl.edu.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 27-Jun Volume 16 Issue 6 Start Page e157 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150805; GR: K01DA025733/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K02 DA021237/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: KL2 RR024994/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States; GR: KL2 RR024994/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States; GR: KL2 TR000450/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States; G Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 24974893 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.3247 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24974893 Abstract BACKGROUND: Twitter is a popular social media forum for sharing personal experiences, interests, and opinions. An improved understanding of the discourse on Twitter that encourages marijuana use can be helpful for tailoring and targeting online and offline prevention messages. OBJECTIVES: The intent of the study was to assess the content of "tweets" and the demographics of followers of a popular pro-marijuana Twitter handle (@stillblazingtho). METHODS: We assessed the sentiment and content of tweets (sent from May 1 to December 31, 2013), as well as the demographics of consumers that follow a popular pro-marijuana Twitter handle (approximately 1,000,000 followers) using Twitter analytics from Demographics Pro. This analytics company estimates demographic characteristics based on Twitter behavior/usage, relying on multiple data signals from networks, consumption, and language and requires confidence of 95% or above to make an estimate of a single demographic characteristic. RESULTS: A total of 2590 tweets were sent from @stillblazingtho during the 8-month period and 305 (11.78%) replies to another Twitter user were excluded for qualitative analysis. Of the remaining 2285 tweets, 1875 (82.06%) were positive about marijuana, 403 (17.64%) were neutral, and 7 (0.31%) appeared negative about marijuana. Approximately 1101 (58.72%) of the positive marijuana tweets were perceived as jokes or humorous, 340 (18.13%) implied that marijuana helps you to feel good or relax, 294 (15.68%) mentioned routine, frequent, or heavy use, 193 (10.29%) mentioned blunts, marijuana edibles, or paraphernalia (eg, bongs, vaporizers), and 186 (9.92%) mentioned other risky health behaviors (eg, tobacco, alcohol, other drugs, sex). The majority (699,103/959,143; 72.89%) of @stillblazingtho followers were 19 years old or younger. Among people ages 17 to 19 years, @stillblazingtho was in the top 10% of all Twitter handles followed. More followers of @stillblazingtho in the United States were African American (323,107/759,407; 42.55%) or Hispanic (90,732/759,407; 11.95%) than the Twitter median average (African American 22.4%, inter-quartile ratio [IQR] 5.1-62.5%; Hispanic 5.4%, IQR 3.0-10.8%) and among Hispanics, @stillblazingtho was in the top 30% of all Twitter handles followed. CONCLUSIONS: Young people are especially responsive to social media influences and often establish substance use patterns during this phase of development. Our findings underscore the need for surveillance efforts to monitor the pro-marijuana content reaching young people on Twitter. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cavazos-Rehg,P., Krauss,M., Grucza,R., Bierut,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140627 PMCID PMC4090385 Editors
Spatial and seasonal variability of urinary trihalomethanes concentrations in urban settings	2014	Water and Health Laboratory, Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health in association with the Harvard School of Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Irenes 95, Limassol 3041, Cyprus.; Water and Health Laboratory, Cypru	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental research Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Res. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 135 Issue Start Page 289 Other Pages 295 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 0147621; 0 (Trihalomethanes); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/07/14 [received]; 2014/09/19 [revised]; 2014/09/22 [accepted]; 2014/10/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0953; 0013-9351 Accession Number PMID: 25462678 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.015 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25462678 Abstract A complex network of sources and routes of exposure to disinfection by-products (DBP), such as trihalomethanes (THM) has been driving the wide variability of daily THM intake estimates in environmental epidemiological studies. We hypothesized that the spatiotemporal variability of THM exposures could be differentially expressed with their urinary levels among residents whose households are geographically clustered in district-metered areas (DMA) receiving the same tap water. Each DMA holds unique drinking-water pipe network characteristics, such as pipe length, number of pipe leaking incidences, number of water meters by district, average minimum night flow and average daily demand. The present study assessed the spatial and seasonal variability in urinary THM levels among residents (n=310) of geocoded households belonging to two urban DMA of Nicosia, Cyprus, with contrasting water network properties. First morning urine voids were collected once in summer and then in winter. Results showed that the mean sum of the four urinary THM analytes (TTHM) was significantly higher during summer for residents of both areas. Linear mixed effects models adjusted for age, season and gender, illustrated spatially-resolved differences in creatinine-adjusted urinary chloroform and TTHM levels between the two studied areas, corroborated by differences observed in their pipe network characteristics. Additional research is warranted to shed light on the contribution of spatially-resolved and geographically-clustered environmental exposures coupled with internal biomarker of exposure measurements towards better understanding of health disparities within urban centers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Andrianou,X.D., Charisiadis,P., Andra,S.S., Makris,K.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141014 PMCID Editors
Enhanced bromate formation during chlorination of bromide-containing waters in the presence of CuO: catalytic disproportionation of hypobromous acid	2012	Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental science & technology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 16-Oct Volume 46 Issue 20 Start Page 11054 Other Pages 11061 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0213155; 0 (Bromates); 0 (Bromides); 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 712K4CDC10 (Hypochlorous Acid); 789U1901C5 (Copper); V1XJQ704R4 (cupric oxide); 2012/09/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1520-5851; 0013-936X Accession Number PMID: 22963047 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1021/es3021793 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22963047 Abstract Bromate (BrO(3)(-)) in drinking water is traditionally seen as an ozonation byproduct from the oxidation of bromide (Br(-)), and its formation during chlorination is usually not significant. This study shows enhanced bromate formation during chlorination of bromide-containing waters in the presence of cupric oxide (CuO). CuO was effective to catalyze hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or hypobromous acid (HOBr) decay (e.g., at least 10(4) times enhancement for HOBr at pH 8.6 by 0.2 g L(-1) CuO). Significant halate concentrations were formed from a CuO-catalyzed hypohalite disproportionation pathway. For example, the chlorate concentration was 2.7 +/- 0.2 muM (225.5 +/- 16.7 mug L(-1)) after 90 min for HOCl (C(o) = 37 muM, 2.6 mg L(-1) Cl(2)) in the presence of 0.2 g L(-1) CuO at pH 7.6, and the bromate concentration was 6.6 +/- 0.5 muM (844.8 +/- 64 mug L(-1)) after 180 min for HOBr (C(o) = 35 muM) in the presence of 0.2 g L(-1) CuO at pH 8.6. The maximum halate formation was at pHs 7.6 and 8.6 for HOCl or HOBr, respectively, which are close to their corresponding pK(a) values. In a HOCl-Br(-)-CuO system, BrO(3)(-) formation increases with increasing CuO doses and initial HOCl and Br(-) concentrations. A molar conversion (Br(-) to BrO(3)(-)) of up to (90 +/- 1)% could be achieved in the HOCl-Br(-)-CuO system because of recycling of Br(-) to HOBr by HOCl, whereas the maximum BrO(3)(-) yield in HOBr-CuO is only 26%. Bromate formation is initiated by the formation of a complex between CuO and HOBr/OBr(-), which then reacts with HOBr to generate bromite. Bromite is further oxidized to BrO(3)(-) by a second CuO-catalyzed process. These novel findings may have implications for bromate formation during chlorination of bromide-containing drinking waters in copper pipes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Liu,C., von Gunten,U., Croue,J.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120926 PMCID Editors
Factors influencing lead and iron release from some Egyptian drinking water pipes	2008	Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, 33- El-Buhous Street, Dokki, Cairo,12311, Egypt. Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt. ragaei24@link.net	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of hazardous materials Periodical, Abbrev. J.Hazard.Mater. Pub Date Free Form 30-Dec Volume 160 Issue 3-Feb Start Page 675 Other Pages 680 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9422688; 0 (Alkalies); 0 (Chelating Agents); 0 (Chlorides); 0 (Sulfates); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2P299V784P (Lead); 9002-86-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride); 9G34HU7RV0 (Edetic Acid); E1UOL152H7 (Iron); 2007/11/09 [received]; 2008/03/12 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0304-3894; 0304-3894 Accession Number PMID: 18436372 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.040 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18436372 Abstract The major objective of this study is to assess the effect of stagnation time, pipe age, pipes material and water quality parameters such as pH, alkalinity and chloride to sulfate mass ratio on lead and iron release from different types of water pipes used in Egypt namely polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and galvanized iron (GI), by using fill and dump method. Low pH increased lead and iron release from pipes. Lead and iron release decreased as pH and alkalinity increased. Lead and iron release increased with increasing chloride to sulfate mass ratio in all pipes. EDTA was used as an example of natural organic matter which may be influence metals release. It is found that lead and iron release increased then this release decreased with time. In general, GI pipes showed to be the most effected by water quality parameters tested and the highest iron release. PVC pipes are the most lead releasing pipes while PP pipes are the least releasing. Descriptors Alkalies, Chelating Agents, Chlorides/analysis, Edetic Acid, Egypt, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Iron/analysis, Lead/analysis, Polyvinyl Chloride/analysis, Sulfates/analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis, Water Supply/analysis/standards Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lasheen,M. R., Sharaby,C. M., El-Kholy,N. G., Elsherif,I. Y., El-Wakeel,S. T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080320 PMCID Editors
Predictors of indoor BTEX concentrations in Canadian residences	2013	Water, Air and Climate Change Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. amanda.wheeler@hc-sc.gc.ca	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Health reports Periodical, Abbrev. Health Rep. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 24 Issue 5 Start Page 11 Other Pages 17 Notes JID: 9012854; 0 (Air Pollutants); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1209-1367; 0840-6529 Accession Number PMID: 24258095 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 82-003-X201300511793 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24258095 Abstract BACKGROUND: Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-, p-xylenesand o-xylene (BTEX) are a group of volatile organic compounds that originate from similar sources. Given the potentially negative health implications of BTEX exposure and their prevalence in residential indoor air, it is important to understand typical residential concentrations and identify predictors. DATA AND METHODS: The 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey included an indoor air component. Questionnaires were administered, and respondents were asked to deploy an air sampler in their home for 7 consecutive days. This analysis is based on BTEX data from 5,191 respondents. Mean BTEX concentrations were examined overall, and by dwelling type and garage configuration. Stepwise regression models were used to examine potential sources of BTEX components. RESULTS: Means were 1.95 mug/m(3) (benzene), 19.17 mug/m(3) (toluene), 4.09 mug/m(3) (ethylbenzene), 14.42 mug/m(3) (m-, p-xylenes), and 4.16 mug/m(3) (o-xylene). Significant predictors of the presence of BTEX included a garage on the property, regular smoking in the home, renovations in the past month, number of occupants, use of paint remover, and use of fragrance. INTERPRETATION: Results of this nationally representative study found that BTEX concentrations are relatively low among Canadian residences, and identified several different indoor sources. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wheeler,A.J., Wong,S.L., Khouri,C., Zhu,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The hydraulic power generation by utilizing available pressure in water pipe	1990	Waterworks Bureau, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 1990/ Volume 8 Issue 4-Mar Start Page 439 Other Pages 447 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0735-1917 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract It is necessary for waterworks department to strengthen its financial foundation in order to supply the clean water stably. The hydraulic power generation utilizing waterworks facilities contributes greatly to the saving energy as well as the saving expenditures. But we have to consider carefully the problem in introducing the generation equipment into existing waterworks system and have to take some countermeasures against the problem. The problem is mainly the water quality pollution, water hammering and accidents with generation equipment. Further we have to consider the usage of generated energy for increasing the profit of this power generation project. Descriptors conference paper, cost, pipeline, power supply, quality control, water supply, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Aihara,S., Igarashi,H., Fujita,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Intervention effects on tobacco use in Arab and non-Arab American adolescents	2010	Wayne State University College of Nursing, USA. vrice@wayne.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 35 Issue 1 Start Page 46 Other Pages 48 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: HD374980/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HD037498-01A1/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HD037498-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HD037498-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HD037498-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/U Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 19767152 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.07.005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19767152 Abstract A quasi-experimental design was used to test a modified Project Towards No Tobacco (TNT) use program on cigarette smoking in 380 Arab American and 236 non-Arab American 9th graders in the Midwest. Tenth grade Non-Arab American students given the intervention as 9th graders were 23% less likely to experiment (Odds Ratio=1.31, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.64) or to have smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days (Odd Ratio=1.43 times, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.01) compared to Arab American youth. Arab American students reported greater experimentation with water pipe smoking than cigarettes (38% vs. 22%), and more current (16% vs. 6%) and regular (7% vs. 3%) use of water pipes than cigarettes, respectively. The intervention designed to focus on cigarette smoking had non-significant effects on water pipe smoking. These findings provide support for a school-based intervention revised to focus on prevention as well as cessation and to be culturally consistent. They also call for further research and intervention tailoring to address the problem of water pipe smoking in a growing Arab American adolescent population. Descriptors Adolescent, Arabs/ethnology, Cohort Studies, Female, Health Promotion/methods, Humans, Male, Middle East/ethnology, Midwestern United States/epidemiology, Patient Education as Topic/methods, Pilot Projects, Program Evaluation, Smoking/epidemiology/ethnology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods, Students, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rice,V. H., Weglicki,L. S., Templin,T., Jamil,H., Hammad,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090821 PMCID PMC2771915 Editors
Arab-American adolescent tobacco use: four pilot studies	2003	Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. vrice@wayne.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 37 Issue 5 Start Page 492 Other Pages 498 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0322116; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0091-7435; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 14572433 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0091743503001750 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14572433 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Four pilot studies were conducted to determine the (1) current tobacco use patterns and predictors among 14- to 18-year-old Arab-American youths; (2) psychometric properties of study measures (English and Arabic); (3) cultural appropriateness of Project Toward No Tobacco (TNT) for intervention; (4) accessible population for a longitudinal study. METHODS: Three studies were descriptive and one used a pretest-posttest design. From four Pilot Focus groups (N = 28 smokers) key tobacco use themes emerged along with information on study measures and the Project TNT intervention; Pilot Intervention tested the tailored Project TNT intervention with 9 Arab-American teens; Pilot Clinic (N = 44) determined the characteristics of the accessible teen health clinic population; and Pilot School (N = 119) obtained tobacco use data only. RESULTS: From Pilot Focus seven themes (being cool, "nshar ma'a al shabab" [hanging out with the guys], present [time] orientation, smoking feels and tastes good, keeps your mind off trouble, easy to get, and (many) "barriers to quitting") emerged from the data. In the Pilot Intervention a 37.5% cessation rate was found. In the Pilot Clinic study, 24% males and 17% females smoked. The current smoking rate in the Pilot School (N = 119) sample was 17%; 34% admitted to having ever smoked (even a puff). Significant predictors for current tobacco use included poor grades, stress, having many family members and peers who smoke, being exposed to many hours of smoking each day, receiving offers of tobacco products, advertising and mail, and believing that tobacco can help one to make friends. CONCLUSIONS: The four pilots contributed unique and essential knowledge for designing a longitudinal clinical trial on tobacco use by Arab-American adolescents. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/ethnology, Arabs/ethnology, Attitude to Health/ethnology, Cultural Characteristics, Female, Focus Groups, Friends, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Needs Assessment, Peer Group, Pilot Projects, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychology, Adolescent, Psychometrics, Qualitative Research, Risk Factors, Sample Size, Smoking/ethnology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/ethnology/methods, Surveys and Questionnaires/standards, United States Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rice,V. H., Templin,T., Kulwicki,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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