WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Ethnic and gender differences in smoking and smoking cessation in a population of young adult air force recruits	2002	University of Memphis Center for Community Health, 5050 Poplar Avenue, Suite 1800, Memphis, TN 38157, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Health promotion : AJHP Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Promot. Pub Date Free Form May-Jun Volume 16 Issue 5 Start Page 259 Other Pages 266 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: HL-53478/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8701680; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0890-1171; 0890-1171 Accession Number PMID: 12053437 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; T DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12053437 Abstract PURPOSE: To examine gender and ethnic differences in smoking and smoking cessation in a population of young adult military recruits. DESIGN: A self-administered survey of demographics, tobacco use, and other health risk behaviors was administered at the start of basic military training. SETTING: The study was conducted at Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas, where all U.S. Air Force recruits complete basic military training. SUBJECTS: All recruits who entered the U.S. Air Force between September 1995 and September 1996 participated in this study (n = 32,144; 100% participation rate). MEASURES: Recruits completed a written 53-item behavioral risk questionnaire. Measures examined in the present study included smoking status (ever having smoked a cigarette, current daily smoking, and quitting); demographics (ethnicity, gender, education, family income, and age); smoking history; and nicotine dependence. RESULTS: Rates of ever smoking, current daily smoking, and quitting were examined in multiple logistic regression analyses as a function of gender and ethnicity, controlling for age, education, and family income. Overall, 54% of recruits had ever smoked a cigarette and 24.9% smoked daily at the time of entry into basic military training. Smoking rates were highest among white and Native American recruits. Among whites, women were more likely to be a current daily smoker (31.6% vs. 29.4%; odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 99% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.08-1.29). The opposite pattern was observed among African-Americans (5.6% vs. 9.8%, respectively; OR = .57; CI = .41-.79). Current smokers had low levels of nicotine dependence compared with the general population of U.S. smokers, but whites tended to be more dependent than other ethnic groups. Cessation rates were similar for men and women but differed according to ethnicity, ranging from 15% among whites to 23% among Hispanics. CONCLUSIONS: These findings document important gender and ethnic differences in cigarette smoking among military recruits. Whites and Native Americans were more likely to smoke, less likely to quit, and more nicotine-dependent than other ethnic groups. Across gender/ethnicity groups, smoking rates were especially high among white women, with nearly one-third smoking daily until entry into basic training. Gender differences were not observed in cessation rates, but Hispanics were more likely than other ethnic groups to have quit smoking. The results highlight the need to develop effective cessation interventions for this population. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Ethnic Groups/psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Military Personnel/psychology, Prevalence, Risk-Taking, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/ethnology, Smoking Cessation/ethnology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Texas/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ward,K. D., Vander Weg,M. W., Kovach,K. W., Klesges,R. C., DeBon,M. W., Haddock,C. K., Talcott,G. W., Lando,H. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The waterpipe: time for action	2008	University of Memphis, Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Memphis, TN 38152, USA. wmaziak@memphis.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 103 Issue 11 Start Page 1763 Other Pages 1767 Notes LR: 20140913; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA024876-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA024876-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9304118; 059QF0KO0R (Water); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); NIHMS68007; OID: NLM: NIHMS Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 18778388 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02327.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18778388 Abstract The waterpipe, known in many cultures under different shapes and names (e.g. hookah, shisha, narghile), is a centuries-old tobacco use method that is witnessing a world-wide surge in popularity. This popularity is most noticeable among youths, and is surpassing cigarette smoking among this group in some societies. Many factors may have contributed to the recent waterpipe spread, including the introduction of sweetened/flavored waterpipe tobacco (known as Maassel), its reduced-harm perception, the thriving cafe culture, mass media and the internet. The passage of smoke through water on its way to the smoker underlies much of the common misperception that waterpipe use is less harmful than cigarettes. The health/addictive profile of waterpipe compared to cigarettes is largely unresearched and is likely to be influenced by the properties of smoke, duration and frequency of use, type of tobacco used, volume of smoke inhaled and the contribution of charcoal. However, the accumulation of evidence about the harmful and addictive potential of waterpipe use is outpacing the public health response to this health risk. A timely public health and policy action is needed in order to curb the emerging waterpipe smoking epidemic. Descriptors Adolescent, Attitude to Health, Carbon Monoxide, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Middle East/epidemiology/ethnology, Public Health, Risk-Taking, Smoking/prevention & control/psychology/trends, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, Water Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Maziak,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080904 PMCID PMC2588474 Editors
Quantitation of urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen after smoking cessation	1999	University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis 55455, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer research Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Res. Pub Date Free Form 1-Feb Volume 59 Issue 3 Start Page 590 Other Pages 596 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: CA-44377/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 2984705R; 0 (4-((methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)but-1-yl)beta-omega-glucosiduronic acid); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Glucuronates); 0 (Nitrosamines); 59578-66-4 (4-(methylnitrosoamino)-4-(3-pyridyl) Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0008-5472; 0008-5472 Accession Number PMID: 9973205 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9973205 Abstract We quantified urinary levels of two metabolites of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in people who had stopped smoking: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its O-glucuronide, 4-[(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)but-1-yl]-beta-O-D-glucosiduronic acid (NNAL-Gluc). Twenty-seven people completed the study. Thirteen used the nicotine patch starting at the quit date, whereas the others used no patch. Two 24-h urine samples were collected on 2 consecutive days before smoking cessation; blood was also obtained. Beginning at their quit date, subjects provided 24-h urine samples on days 7, 21, 42, 70, 98, and 126, and some subjects also provided samples at later times. The urine was analyzed for NNAL, NNAL-Gluc, nicotine plus nicotine-N-glucuronide, and cotinine plus cotinine-N-glucuronide. Some blood samples were also analyzed for NNAL. The decline of urinary NNAL and NNAL-Gluc after smoking cessation was much slower than expected. This was clearly demonstrated by comparison with cotinine and nicotine levels in urine. One week after smoking cessation, 34.5% of baseline NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc was detected in urine, whereas the corresponding values for cotinine and nicotine were 1.1 and 0.5%, respectively. Even 6 weeks after cessation, 7.6% of the original levels of NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc remained. In some subjects, NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc were detected 281 days after cessation. The distribution half-life for NNAL and NNAL-Gluc was 3-4 days, whereas the elimination half-life was 40-45 days. Total body clearance of NNAL was estimated to be 61.4 +/- 35.4 ml/min, and volume of distribution in the beta-phase was estimated to be 3800 +/- 2100 liters, indicating substantial distribution into the tissues. Parallel studies in rats treated chronically or acutely with NNK in the drinking water support the conclusion that NNAL has a large volume of distribution. There was no effect of the nicotine patch on levels of NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc, indicating that NNK is not formed endogenously from nicotine. The results of this study demonstrate that NNAL and NNAL-Gluc are slowly cleared from the body after smoking cessation, indicating the presence of a high-affinity compartment where NNK, NNAL, and/or NNAL-Gluc are retained or sequestered and slowly released. Descriptors Adult, Animals, Carcinogens/pharmacokinetics, Cotinine/urine, Female, Glucuronates/pharmacokinetics/urine, Humans, Lung Neoplasms/etiology/urine, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine/urine, Nitrosamines/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/urine, Rats, Rats, Inbred F344, Smoking Cessation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hecht,S. S., Carmella,S. G., Chen,M., Dor Koch,J. F., Miller,A. T., Murphy,S. E., Jensen,J. A., Zimmerman,C. L., Hatsukami,D. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Cigarette smoking, salivary/gingival crevicular fluid cotinine and periodontal status. A 10-year longitudinal study	2001	University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis 55455, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 28 Issue 4 Start Page 331 Other Pages 339 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0425123; K5161X06LL (Cotinine); CIN: J Clin Periodontol. 2001 Sep;28(9):895. PMID: 11493362; ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 0303-6979; 0303-6979 Accession Number PMID: 11314889 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11314889 Abstract BACKGROUND, AIMS: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the association of salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cotinine levels with periodontal disease status in smokers and non-smokers. METHODS: 147 male smokers and 30 male non-smokers were included in the current longitudinal study. The 177 individuals were part of a group of 200 subjects (89%) seen 10 years previously for a baseline survey. Oral hygiene indices, probing depth and attachment loss were recorded. Salivary and GCF cotinine levels of 58 smokers were determined by means of ELISA. RESULTS: Results indicated that no significant difference was found in subjects who smoked, when compared to subjects who did not smoke with respect to plaque accumulation and calculus deposits. Smokers, however, had fewer gingival bleeding sites. Cigarette smoking was associated with a greater increase in probing depth and attachment loss, as well as greater tooth loss at an earlier age. There was greater tooth loss in smokers than non-smokers (p or = 20 pack years when compared to or = 20 pack years when compared to 0.05). Descriptors Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Cotinine/analysis, Dental Calculus/classification, Dental Plaque/classification, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Gingival Crevicular Fluid/chemistry, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Humans, Jaw, Edentulous/classification, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Oral Hygiene Index, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification, Periodontal Diseases/classification/physiopathology, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Regression Analysis, Saliva/chemistry, Smoking/metabolism/physiopathology, Statistics as Topic, Time Factors, Tooth Loss/classification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chen,X., Wolff,L., Aeppli,D., Guo,Z., Luan,W., Baelum,V., Fejeskov,O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Utilization of smoking cessation informational, interactive, and online community resources as predictors of abstinence: cohort study	2008	University of Minnesota, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. lcan@umn.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 20-Dec Volume 10 Issue 5 Start Page e55 Other Pages Notes LR: 20140901; JID: 100959882; OID: NLM: PMC2630836; 2007/12/14 [received]; 2008/04/22 [accepted]; 2008/04/17 [revised]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 19103587 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.1018 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19103587 Abstract BACKGROUND: The association between greater utilization of Web-assisted tobacco interventions and increased abstinence rates is well recognized. However, there is little information on how utilization of specific website features influences quitting. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between utilization of informational, interactive, and online community resources (eg. bulletin boards) and abstinence rates, with the broader objective to identify potential strategies for improving outcomes for Web-assisted tobacco interventions. METHODS: In Spring 2004, a cohort of 607 quitplan.com users consented to participate in an evaluation of quitplan.com, a Minnesota branded version of QuitNet.com. We developed utilization measures for different site features: general information, interactive diagnostic tools and quit planning tools, online expert counseling, passive (ie, reading of bulletin boards) and active (ie, public posting) online community engagement, and one-to-one messaging with other virtual community members. Using bivariate, multivariate, and path analyses, we examined the relationship between utilization of specific site features and 30-day abstinence at 6 months. RESULTS: The most commonly used resources were the interactive quit planning tools (used by 77% of site users). Other informational resources (ie, quitting guides) were used more commonly (60% of users) than passive (38%) or active (24%) community features. Online community engagement through one-to-one messaging was low (11%) as was use of online counseling (5%). The 30-day abstinence rate among study participants at 6 months was 9.7% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 7.3% - 12.1%). In the logistic regression model, neither the demographic data (eg, age, gender, education level, employment, or insurance status) nor the smoking-related data (eg, cigarettes per day, time to first morning cigarette, baseline readiness to quit) nor use of smoking cessation medications entered the model as significant predictors of abstinence. Individuals who used the interactive quit planning tools once, two to three times, or four or more times had an odds of abstinence of 0.65 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.22 - 1.94), 1.87 (95% CI 0.77 - 4.56), and 2.35 (95% CI 1.0 - 5.58), respectively. The use of one-to-one messages (reference = none vs 1 or more) entered the final model as potential predictor for abstinence, though the significance of this measure was marginal (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 0.92 - 3.97, P = .083). In the path analysis, an apparent association between active online community engagement and abstinence was accounted for in large part by increased use of interactive quitting tools and one-to-one messaging. CONCLUSIONS: Use of interactive quitting tools, and perhaps one-to-one messaging with other members of the online community, was associated with increased abstinence rates among quitplan.com users. Designs that facilitate use of these features should be considered. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Community Health Services/statistics & numerical data, Counseling/methods, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Internet, Male, Middle Aged, Minnesota, Online Systems, Predictive Value of Tests, Self Care/methods/statistics & numerical data, Self-Help Groups, Smoking/psychology, Smoking Cessation/methods/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Software, Therapy, Computer-Assisted/methods/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Industry/legislation & jurisprudence, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors An,L. C., Schillo,B. A., Saul,J. E., Wendling,A. H., Klatt,C. M., Berg,C. J., Ahulwalia,J. S., Kavanaugh,A. M., Christenson,M., Luxenberg,M. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081220 PMCID PMC2630836 Editors
''Quit & Win'' Contests Among College Students: Predictors of Long-Term Smoking Abstinence	2016	University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA jthomas@umn.edu.; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Health promotion : AJHP Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Promot. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 30 Issue 4 Start Page 264 Other Pages 271 Notes CI: (c) The Author(s) 2016; JID: 8701680; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 2168-6602; 0890-1171 Accession Number PMID: 27404062 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; T DOI 10.1177/0890117116639560 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27404062 Abstract PURPOSE: To determine smoking abstinence rates and predictors of abstinence among college students enrolled in a campus-based Quit & Win contest. DESIGN: Pre-post measure with no comparison group. SETTING: Contests conducted on seven college campuses in 2007. SUBJECTS: Subjects (N = 484) were 23.7 +/- 6.8 years of age, 61% female, 16.3% nonwhite, and smoked 12.5 +/- 7.8 cigarettes per day on 28.0 +/- 4.8 days in the past month. INTERVENTION: Participants abstinent for the 30-day contest were eligible for a lottery-based prize. Assessments were completed at baseline, end of contest, and 6 months after enrollment. MEASURES: The 6-month survey assessed retrospective abstinence during the contest period and the prior 6 months and 7- and 30-day point prevalence abstinence at the time of the survey. ANALYSIS: Chi-square test was used to compare baseline characteristics among participants from 2-versus 4-year schools. Smoking abstinence was assessed by participant self-report. Both a simple imputation method (i.e., missing = smoking) and completers-only analyses were conducted. Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine baseline predictors of abstinence. RESULTS: Thirty-day abstinence rate was 52.5% during the contest month and 20.5% at the 6-month follow-up. Baseline intention to stay quit (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, p = .01), cigarettes smoked per day (OR = .67, p = .04), and 2-year (vs. 4-year) college (OR = 1.65, p = .05) predicted abstinence at 6 months. CONCLUSION: Intention to stay quit even without winning a prize, a measure of intrinsic motivation, predicted both short- and long-term abstinence. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Thomas,J.L., Luo,X., Bengtson,J.E., Weber-Main,A.M., Lust,K., Ahluwalia,J.S., An,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Control of Legionella Contamination and Risk of Corrosion in Hospital Water Networks following Various Disinfection Procedures	2016	University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neurosciences, Section of Public Health, Modena, Italy isabella.marchesi@unimore.it.; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neuroscie	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied and Environmental Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 2-May Volume 82 Issue 10 Start Page 2959 Other Pages 2965 Notes LR: 20160726; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 7605801; OID: NLM: PMC4959080 [Available on 11/02/16]; PMCR: 2016/11/02 00:00; 2015/12/01 [received]; 2016/03/03 [accepted]; 2016/05/15 [ppublish]; 2016/03/11 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-5336; 0099-2240 Accession Number PMID: 26969696 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1128/AEM.03873-15 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26969696 Abstract Physical and chemical disinfection methods have been proposed with the aim of controlling Legionella water contamination. To date, the most effective procedures for reducing bacterial contamination have not yet been defined. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effectiveness of various disinfection procedures in order to reduce both culturable and nonculturable (NC) legionellae in different hospital water networks treated with heat, chlorine dioxide, monochloramine, and hydrogen peroxide. The temperature levels and biocide concentrations that proved to give reliable results were analyzed. In order to study the possible effects on the water pipes, we verified the extent of corrosion on experimental coupons after applying each method for 6 months. The percentage of positive points was at its lowest after treatment with monochloramine, followed by chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hyperthermia. Different selections of Legionella spp. were observed, as networks treated with chlorine-based disinfectants were contaminated mainly by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, hyperthermia was associated with serogroups 2 to 14, and hydrogen peroxide treatment was associated mainly with non-pneumophila species. NC cells were detected only in heat-treated waters, and also when the temperature was approximately 60 degrees C. The corrosion rates of the coupons were within a satisfactory limit for water networks, but the morphologies differed. We confirm here that chemical disinfection controls Legionella colonization more effectively than hyperthermia does. Monochloramine was the most effective treatment, while hydrogen peroxide may be a promising alternative to chlorine-based disinfectants due to its ability to select for other, less virulent or nonpathogenic species. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved Data Source Authors Marchesi,I., Ferranti,G., Mansi,A., Marcelloni,A.M., Proietto,A.R., Saini,N., Borella,P., Bargellini,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160502 PMCID PMC4959080 Editors
Water-pipe smoking among North American youths	2010	University of Montreal, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, 3875 St Urbain, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1V1, Canada.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatrics Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 125 Issue 6 Start Page 1184 Other Pages 1189 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0376422; 059QF0KO0R (Water); 2010/05/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-4275; 0031-4005 Accession Number PMID: 20457679 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 10.1542/peds.2009-2335 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20457679 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this analysis were to identify the sociodemographic characteristics of water-pipe users in a North American context and to describe concurrent psychoactive substance use. METHODS: Data on sociodemographic characteristics, water-pipe smoking, and use of other psychoactive substances were collected in 2007 through mailed self-report questionnaires completed by 871 young adults, 18 to 24 years of age, who were participating in the Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study, a longitudinal investigation of the natural history of nicotine dependence among adolescents in Montreal, Canada. Independent sociodemographic correlates of water-pipe use were identified in multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Previous-year water-pipe use was reported by 23% of participants. Younger age, male gender, speaking English, not living with parents, and higher household income independently increased the odds of water-pipe use. Water-pipe use was markedly higher among participants who had smoked cigarettes, had used other tobacco products, had drunk alcohol, had engaged in binge drinking, had smoked marijuana, or had used other illicit drugs in the previous year. CONCLUSIONS: Water-pipe users may represent an advantaged group of young people with the leisure time, resources, and opportunity to use water-pipes. Evidence-based public health and policy interventions are required to equip the public to make informed decisions about water-pipe use. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Leisure Activities, Male, Public Health, Quebec/epidemiology, Smoking/epidemiology/trends, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Water Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dugas,E., Tremblay,M., Low,N. C., Cournoyer,D., O'Loughlin,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100510 PMCID Editors
Water pipe smoking: an emerging trend with detrimental consequences	2014	University of Nairobi, School of Medicine, Nairobi, Kenya.; University of Nairobi, School of Medicine, Nairobi, Kenya.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Pan African medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. Pan Afr.Med.J. Pub Date Free Form 13-Mar Volume 17 Issue Start Page 200 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151028; JID: 101517926; OID: NLM: PMC4229006; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014 [ecollection]; 2013/06/19 [received]; 2014/03/11 [accepted]; 2014/03/13 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication Uganda ISSN/ISBN 1937-8688 Accession Number PMID: 25396026 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.11604/pamj.2014.17.200.2991 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25396026 Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nyongesa,H., Adegu,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140313 PMCID PMC4229006 Editors
Paradoxical antifungal activity and structural observations in biofilms formed by echinocandin-resistant Candida albicans clinical isolates	2014	University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Medical mycology Periodical, Abbrev. Med.Mycol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 52 Issue 2 Start Page 131 Other Pages 139 Notes GR: T32 AI007538/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815835; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Lipopeptides); 0 (Membrane Proteins); 0 (Mutant Proteins); 9HLM53094I (anidulafungin); EC 2.4.1.- (Glucosyltransferases); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1460-2709; 1369-3786 Accession Number PMID: 24576999 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1093/mmy/myt007 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24576999 Abstract Echinocandin-resistant clinical isolates of Candida albicans have been reported, and key-hot spot mutations in the FKS1 gene, which encodes a major glucan synthase subunit, have been identified in these (caspofungin-resistant [CAS-R]) strains. Although these mutations result in phenotypic resistance to echinocandins in planktonic cells, there is little data on antifungal susceptibilities of CAS-R C. albicans strains within biofilms. Thus, we analyzed biofilms formed by 12 C. albicans CAS-R clinical strains in which we previously identified FKS1 hot-spot mutations and compared the sessile antifungal and paradoxical activity of anidulafungin (ANID), caspofungin (CAS), and micafungin (MICA). Biofilms were formed in a 96-well static microplate model and assayed using both tetrazolium-salt reduction and crystal violet assays, as well as examination by scanning electron microscopy. We first sought to assess biofilm formation and structure in these fks1 mutants and found that the biofilm mass and metabolic activities were reduced in most of the fks1 mutants as compared with reference strain SC5314. Structural analyses revealed that the fks1 mutant biofilms were generally less dense and had a clear predominance of yeast and pseudohyphae, with unusual "pit"-like cell surface structures. We also noted that sessile minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to ANID, CAS, and MICA were higher than planktonic MICs of all but one strain. The majority of strains demonstrated a paradoxical effect (PE) to particular echinocandins, in either planktonic or sessile forms. Overall, biofilms formed by echinocandin-resistant clinical isolates demonstrated varied PEs to echinocandins and were structurally characterized by a preponderance of yeast, pseudohyphae, and pit-like structures. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Walraven,C.J., Bernardo,S.M., Wiederhold,N.P., Lee,S.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131222 PMCID Editors

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