WTS database

Title Sort ascending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
A rapid situation assessment (RSA) study of alcohol and drug use in Lebanon	2010	Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Balamand University, Lebanon. egkaram@idraac.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Le Journal medical libanais.The Lebanese medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Liban. Pub Date Free Form Apr-Jun Volume 58 Issue 2 Start Page 76 Other Pages 85 Notes JID: 0375352; ppublish Place of Publication Lebanon ISSN/ISBN 0023-9852; 0023-9852 Accession Number PMID: 20549893 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20549893 Abstract BACKGROUND: Research on substance use and misuse in Lebanon is scarce and, when available, focuses on a specific substance or a limited segment of the population. The objective of this Rapid Situation Assessment (RAS) study was to survey the use of multiple substances in diverse segments of the Lebanese population. METHODS: A multi-method and multi-sample survey was conducted to collect quantitative and qualitative data from the academic sector (high school and university students), substance users in treatment or under arrest (prison, detention), and non-institutionalized "street" users. RESULTS: Age of first use of substances started as early as 9 years in the youth sample. Moreover, 12% of the high school students reported smoking one or more packs of cigarettes per day and 9% of the university students met criteria for DSM-IV alcohol abuse. Cannabis represented the most commonly used illicit drug in both high school and university students, and tranquilizers were the most frequently misused medicinal substance. Heroin was responsible for 50% of the treatment admissions, followed by cocaine (20%), and alcohol (20%); heroin was also the most common substance of arrest. Recidivism was almost the rule for heroin users across all treatment settings. Unperceived need for treatment was the most common reason for not seeking treatment in non-institutionalized drug users (47.6%). Injecting drug use was a common behavior noted within substance using populations, in treatment and non-institutionalized (about 50% of them), with a high rate of needle sharing practices. About half of all patients in treatment had a history of police arrests, and about one-third of those in prison ever received prior treatment for substance use. CONCLUSION: The study points towards a growing trend for substance use problems in early adolescence that warrants close monitoring. Further investigation of these patterns is needed since the Lebanese population might have specific pathways of abuse. There is a need to bring together various health, legislative, and academic stakeholders for a continuous appraisal of data from substance abuse studies as evidenced by the recent, although slow, progress in the fields of legislation and treatment that follow such concerted efforts. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Institutionalization, Lebanon/epidemiology, Male, Prisoners/statistics & numerical data, Sampling Studies, Students/statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Karam,E. G., Ghandour,L. A., Maalouf,W. E., Yamout,K., Salamoun,M. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A Randomized Trial of the Effect of E-cigarette TV Advertisements on Intentions to Use E-cigarettes	2015	RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Electronic address: mcf@rti.org.; RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.; RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.; RTI International, Research Triangle Park,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 49 Issue 5 Start Page 686 Other Pages 693 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8704773; 2014/10/15 [received]; 2015/04/08 [revised]; 2015/05/08 [accepted]; 2015/07/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-2607; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 26163170 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.05.010 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26163170 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Adolescents' use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and exposure to e-cigarette TV advertising have increased in recent years, despite questions about their safety. The current study tests whether exposure to e-cigarette TV advertisements influences intentions to use e-cigarettes in the future and related attitudes. METHODS: A parallel-group randomized controlled experiment was conducted and analyzed in 2014 using an online survey with a convenience sample of 3,655 U.S. adolescents aged 13-17 years who had never tried e-cigarettes. Adolescents in the treatment group viewed four e-cigarette TV advertisements. RESULTS: Adolescents in the treatment group reported a greater likelihood of future e-cigarette use compared with the control group. ORs for the treatment group were 1.54 (p=0.001) for trying an e-cigarette soon; 1.43 (p=0.003) for trying an e-cigarette within the next year; and 1.29 (p=0.02) for trying an e-cigarette if a best friend offered one. Adolescents in the treatment group had higher odds of agreeing that e-cigarettes can be used in places where cigarettes are not allowed (OR=1.71, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Farrelly,M.C., Duke,J.C., Crankshaw,E.C., Eggers,M.E., Lee,Y.O., Nonnemaker,J.M., Kim,A.E., Porter,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150707 PMCID Editors
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Theory-Informed School-Based Intervention to Prevent Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: Changes in Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviors in 6th and 7th Graders in Lebanon	2018		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 15 Issue 9 Start Page 1839 Other Pages Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Data Source google Authors Nakkash, Rima, Lotfi, Tamara, Bteddini, Dima, Haddad, Pascale, Najm, Hala, Jbara, Lina, Alaouie, Hala, Al Aridi, Lama, Al Mulla, Ahmad, Mahfoud, Ziyad Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Theory-Informed School-Based Intervention to Prevent Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: Changes in Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviors in 6th and 7th Graders in Lebanon	2018		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 15 Issue 9 Start Page 1839 Other Pages Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Data Source google Authors Nakkash, Rima, Lotfi, Tamara, Bteddini, Dima, Haddad, Pascale, Najm, Hala, Jbara, Lina, Alaouie, Hala, Al Aridi, Lama, Al Mulla, Ahmad, Mahfoud, Ziyad Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A qualitative exploration of young adult smokers' responses to novel tobacco warnings	2013	University of Otago, P O Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. janet.hoek@otago.ac.nz	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 25-Jun Volume 13 Issue Start Page 609 Other Pages 2458-13-609 Notes LR: 20150423; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3694466; 2013/02/01 [received]; 2013/06/18 [accepted]; 2013/06/25 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 23800292 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-609 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23800292 Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite reduced smoking among adolescents, smoking prevalence peaks among young adults aged 18-30, many of whom believe themselves exempt from the health risks of smoking shown in warning labels. We explored how young adult smokers perceived warnings featuring proximal risks, and whether these encouraged cessation more effectively than traditional health messages. METHODS: We conducted in-depth interviews with 17 young adult smokers and explored their perceptions of current warnings as well as novel warnings representing short-term health consequences; immediate social risks, and tobacco's toxicity (denormalizing tobacco as an everyday product). We used a thematic analysis approach to explore how participants rationalized existing warnings and interpreted the novel messages. RESULTS: Participants considered the immediate social and physiological benefits they gained from smoking outweighed the distal risks shown in health warnings, which they regarded as improbable and irrelevant. Of the novel warnings, those presenting immediate social risks altered the balance of gains and losses young adults associated with smoking; however, those presenting short-term health risks or depicting tobacco as a toxin were less effective. CONCLUSIONS: Participants regarded warnings featuring proximal social risks as more salient and they were less likely to rationalise these as irrelevant. Social risk messages merit further investigation to examine their potential as a complement to traditional health warnings. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hoek,J., Hoek-Sims,A., Gendall,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130625 PMCID PMC3694466 Editors
A Qualitative Evidence of the Breeding Sites of Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae) in and Around Kassala Town, Eastern Sudan	2016	Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, University of Kassala, Kassala State, Sudan.; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of insect science Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Insect Sci. Pub Date Free Form 11-Aug Volume 8 Issue Start Page 65 Other Pages 70 Notes JID: 101668982; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016 [ecollection]; 2016/05/02 [received]; 2016/07/14 [revised]; 2016/07/16 [accepted]; 2016/08/11 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication New Zealand ISSN/ISBN 1179-5433; 1179-5433 Accession Number PMID: 27547039 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.4137/IJIS.S40071 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27547039 Abstract Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae) is considered the most efficient malaria vector in eastern Sudan. This study aims to characterize the breeding sites of An. arabiensis throughout the year in and around Kassala town, eastern Sudan. Diverse larval habitat types were visited and characterized based on the habitat type and chemical composition. Mosquito larvae were found in many diverse habitats. During the rainy season, rain pools and water bodies created by the seasonal Gash River serve as the main breeding sites. In the dry season, irrigation canals, seepage from water pipes, neglected wells, artificial containers, and man-made ditches serve as the main breeding sites. Breeding water showed a pH of 7.9 and a low concentration of the total dissolved salts. The results of this study may be considered in planning and implementing larval control programs in the area. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hamza,A.M., El Rayah el,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160811 PMCID PMC4982522 Editors
A qualitative assessment of the perceived risks of electronic cigarette and hookah use in pregnancy	2015	Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. maike.sachs@bcm.edu.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor C	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 21-Dec Volume 15 Issue Start Page 1273 Other Pages 015-2586-4 Notes LR: 20151224; GR: P30ES023512/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4687310; 2015/06/04 [received]; 2015/12/08 [accepted]; 2015/12/21 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 26692352 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-2586-4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26692352 Abstract BACKGROUND: Studies reveal that electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and hookah use are increasing among adolescents and young adults. However, the long-term health effects are unknown, especially with regards to pregnancy. Because of the increased use in women of reproductive age, and the unknown long-term health risks, our primary objectives were to determine the perceived risks of e-cigarette and hookah use in pregnancy, and learn common colloquial terms associated with e-cigarettes. Furthermore, we sought to determine if there is a stigma associated with e-cigarette use in pregnancy. METHODS: Eleven focus groups including 87 participants were conducted immediately following regularly scheduled CenteringPregnancy(R) prenatal care with women at three different clinics in the greater Houston area. A minimum of two facilitators led the groups, using ten lead-in prompts, with Spanish translation as necessary. Facilitators took notes which were compared immediately following each group discussion and each group was audio recorded and transcribed. Three facilitators utilized NVivo 9.0 software to organize the transcribed data into nodes to identify major themes. To increase rigor, transcripts were further analyzed by two obstetricians who were instructed to find the major themes. RESULTS: Analyses revealed contradicting themes concerning e-cigarette use. In general, e-cigarettes were perceived as safer alternatives to regular tobacco cigarettes, especially if used as smoking cessation devices. A major theme is that use in pregnancy is harmful to the fetus. However, it was perceived that use for smoking cessation in pregnancy may have fewer side effects. We found that a common term for e-cigarettes is "Blu." In our discussion of hookah use, participants perceived use as popular among teenagers and that use in pregnancy is dangerous for the fetus. CONCLUSIONS: Although a strong theme emerged against hookah use, we found contradicting themes in our discussions on e-cigarette use in pregnancy. It is possible that e-cigarette use will not carry the same stigma as regular cigarette smoking in pregnancy. In addition, the impression of e-cigarettes as a healthier alternative to smoking may influence use in pregnancy. Clinicians need to be prepared for questions of e-cigarette safety and efficacy as smoking cessation devices from their pregnant patients who smoke, and women who smoke and are planning to become pregnant. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kahr,M.K., Padgett,S., Shope,C.D., Griffin,E.N., Xie,S.S., Gonzalez,P.J., Levison,J., Mastrobattista,J., Abramovici,A.R., Northrup,T.F., Stotts,A.L., Aagaard,K.M., Suter,M.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151221 PMCID PMC4687310 Editors
A qualitative analysis of factors impacting resilience among youth in post-conflict Liberia	2016	The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 5 Longfellow Place, Boston, MA 02114 USA ; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115 USA ; University of Illinois College of Medicine, 1853 West Polk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health Periodical, Abbrev. Child.Adolesc.Psychiatry.Ment.Health. Pub Date Free Form 12-Aug Volume 10 Issue Start Page 26 Other Pages 016-0114-7. eCollection 2016 Notes LR: 20160817; JID: 101297974; OID: NLM: PMC4983000; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016 [ecollection]; 2016/05/03 [received]; 2016/08/02 [accepted]; 2016/08/12 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1753-2000; 1753-2000 Accession Number PMID: 27525038 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1186/s13034-016-0114-7 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27525038 Abstract BACKGROUND: In 2008, 5 years after the Liberian civil war ended, there were an estimated 340,000 orphans in Liberia, 18 % of the total child population of the country. Given that children make up half the population and that these children experienced significant trauma and loss both through direct exposure to the war and then to the Ebola epidemic, and indirectly as a result of the trauma experienced by their parents, the recovery of these children is essential to the recovery of the nation as a whole. The goal of this research was to identify factors contributing to resilience among youth in post-conflict Liberia. Resilience was defined as evidence of adaptive functioning and psychological health. METHODS: Seventy-five young people (age 13-18) in the capital city of Monrovia, Liberia were recruited in 2012. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and demographic data were collected. Interviews were then transcribed and coded thematically. RESULTS: Forty-six of the participants were attending school, and 29 were not enrolled in school. Youth enrolled in school demonstrated greater adaptive functioning. This was particularly true for boys in any school setting and girls attending private school. Youth not attending school were more likely to have lost family members or become estranged from them, and many were also engaging in substance use. Emotion regulation, cognitive flexibility, agency, social intelligence and, in some cases, meaning-making were found in participants who showed resilient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Caregiver relationships mediate the development of psychological capacities that impact resilience. These findings suggest that youth who have lost a caregiver, many of whom are not attending school, are experiencing a significant ongoing burden in terms of their daily functioning and psychological health in the post-war period and should be the focus of further study and intervention targeting substance use and community reintegration. Trial registration Partners Healthcare IRB Protocol# 2012P000367. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Levey,E.J., Oppenheim,C.E., Lange,B.C., Plasky,N.S., Harris,B.L., Lekpeh,G.G., Kekulah,I., Henderson,D.C., Borba,C.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160812 PMCID PMC4983000 Editors
A qualitative analysis among regular waterpipe tobacco smokers in London universities	2013		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Tuberc.Lung Dis. Pub Date Free Form Volume 17 Issue 10 Start Page 1364 Other Pages 9 Notes ID: 24025391 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking is popular in the West despite the significant harm associated with its use. Little is known about the habits and practices of British smokers. DESIGN: A total of 32 regular waterpipe smokers attended focus groups, where trained facilitators explored knowledge, belief and attitudes to waterpipes. Transcripts were thematically analysed and grouped into seven broad categories. RESULTS: Waterpipes played a clearly defined social role, accentuated by reduced harm perception and greater social acceptance than cigarettes. Knowledge about waterpipes was lacking, partly due to the lack of media attention. Addiction was described as a 'social addiction', although this may mask true nicotine addiction. Waterpipe smokers were less interested in quitting due to intermittent smoking patterns, reinforcing the belief of reduced exposure to harm. Legislative issues were explored, including the need to legislate on waterpipes on a par with cigarettes. CONCLUSION: Waterpipe smokers exhibited specific habits and attitudes not traditionally seen in cigarette smokers. It is important to encourage education to dispel the myths surrounding reduced harm perception and addiction to tackle its strong social acceptance. Legislation should play a more active role in prevention and education, and more emphasis should be placed on gathering nationwide epidemiological data to gauge the potential for escalation. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.12.0923 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Jawad,M., Jawad,S., Mehdi,A., Sardar,A., Jawad,A M., Hamilton,F L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A prospective study of tobacco smoking and mortality in Bangladesh	2013		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PLoS One Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 8 Issue 3 Start Page e58516 Other Pages e58516 Notes ID: 23505526 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Limited data are available on smoking-related mortality in low-income countries, where both chronic disease burden and prevalence of smoking are increasing. METHODS: Using data on 20,033 individuals in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) in Bangladesh, we prospectively evaluated the association between tobacco smoking and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality during Ã¢ÂˆÂ¼7.6 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for deaths from all-cause, cancer, CVD, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke, in relation to status, duration, and intensity of cigarette/bidi and hookah smoking. RESULTS: Among men, cigarette/bidi smoking was positively associated with all-cause (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.06 1.86) and cancer mortality (HR 2.91, 1.24 6.80), and there was a dose-response relationship between increasing intensity of cigarette/bidi consumption and increasing mortality. An elevated risk of death from ischemic heart disease (HR 1.87, 1.08 3.24) was associated with current cigarette/bidi smoking. Among women, the corresponding HRs were 1.65 (95% CI 1.16 2.36) for all-cause mortality and 2.69 (95% CI 1.20 6.01) for ischemic heart disease mortality. Similar associations were observed for hookah smoking. There was a trend towards reduced risk for the mortality outcomes with older age at onset of cigarette/bidi smoking and increasing years since quitting cigarette/bibi smoking among men. We estimated that cigarette/bidi smoking accounted for about 25.0% of deaths in men and 7.6% in women. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoking was responsible for substantial proportion of premature deaths in the Bangladeshi population, especially among men. Stringent measures of tobacco control and cessation are needed to reduce tobacco-related deaths in Bangladesh. Descriptors Links Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Wu,Fen, Chen,Yu, Parvez,Faruque, Segers,Stephanie, Argos,Maria, Islam,Tariqul, Ahmed,Alauddin, Rakibuz-Zaman, Muhammad, Hasan,Rabiul, Sarwar,Golam, Ahsan,Habibul Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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