WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of isolates of Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. from China to nine systemically active antifungal agents: data from the SENTRY antifungal surveillance program, 2010 through 2012	2015	University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, IA, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Mycoses Periodical, Abbrev. Mycoses Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 58 Issue 4 Start Page 209 Other Pages 214 Notes CI: (c) 2015; JID: 8805008; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Azoles); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Triazoles); 6TK1G07BHZ (posaconazole); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); D83282DT06 (Flucytosine); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/11/20 Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1439-0507; 0933-7407 Accession Number PMID: 25727853 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/myc.12299 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25727853 Abstract We report the in vitro activity of nine systemically active antifungal agents against 237 contemporary clinical isolates of yeast and moulds obtained from 13 laboratories in China during 2010 through 2012. Susceptibility testing was performed using CLSI methods. Sequencing of fks hot spots was performed for echinocandin non-wild-type (WT) strains. Isolates included 220 from eight species of Candida, 15 from four species of Aspergillus and one isolate each of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Trichosporon asahii. Resistance to amphotericin B (0.0%), flucytosine (0.0-1.7%) and the echinocandins (0.0-3.4%) was distinctly uncommon among C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. pelliculosa. Three C. albicans isolates showed resistance to echinocandins and one harboured a mutation in HS1 of fks1. Resistance to the azoles was much more common with resistance to fluconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole detected among isolates of C. glabrata and C. tropicalis. Both C. parapsilosis and C. pelliculosa exhibited decreased susceptibility to fluconazole. Amphotericin B, the mould-active azoles and the echinocandins were all quite active against isolates of A. fumigatus and A. flavus. Consistent with previous studies from China, resistance to fluconazole is prominent among Candida spp. isolates in this country. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Blackwell Verlag GmbH Data Source Authors Pfaller,M.A., Castanheira,M., Messer,S.A., Jones,R.N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150227 PMCID Editors
Ghrelin and Leptin Have a Complex Relationship with Risk of Barrett's Esophagus	2016	University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Mail stop 1023, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. sthomas10@kumc.edu.; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA. lucy.m.almers@kp.org.; Kaiser Permanente Division of	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Digestive diseases and sciences Periodical, Abbrev. Dig.Dis.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 61 Issue 1 Start Page 70 Other Pages 79 Notes GR: R01 DK63616/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R56 DK087748/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7902782; 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (GHRL protein, human); 0 (Ghrelin); 0 (Leptin); OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/04/22 [received]; 2015/09/03 [accepted]; 2015/09/22 [aheadof Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1573-2568; 0163-2116 Accession Number PMID: 26396004 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; AIM; IM DOI 10.1007/s10620-015-3867-6 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26396004 Abstract BACKGROUND: Abdominal obesity is a risk factor for Barrett's esophagus independent of GERD symptoms, but little is understood about the biological mechanisms between obesity and the carcinogenic pathway of esophageal adenocarcinoma. AIMS: To evaluate whether ghrelin and leptin may partially explain the association between obesity and Barrett's esophagus. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study using patients with a new diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus (cases) and two control groups frequency matched to cases for age, gender, and geographic region: (1) patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and (2) a sample of the general population. We generated odds ratios using logistic regressions to evaluate quartiles of serum ghrelin or serum leptin, adjusting for known risk factors for Barrett's esophagus. We evaluated potential interaction variables using cross products and ran stratified analyses to generate stratum-specific odds ratios. RESULTS: A total of 886 participants were included in the analysis. Higher ghrelin concentrations were associated with an increased risk of Barrett's esophagus, when compared to the population controls, but not the GERD controls. Ghrelin concentrations were not associated with the frequency of GERD symptoms, but ghrelin's relationship with Barrett's esophagus varied significantly with the frequency of GERD symptoms. Leptin concentrations were positively associated with at least weekly GERD symptoms among the population controls and were inversely associated with Barrett's esophagus only among the GERD controls. Adjusting for waist circumference did not change the main associations. CONCLUSION: Higher levels of ghrelin were associated with an increased risk of Barrett's esophagus among the general population. In contrast, leptin was positively associated with frequent GERD symptoms, but inversely associated with the risk of Barrett's esophagus among the GERD controls. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Thomas,S.J., Almers,L., Schneider,J., Graham,J.E., Havel,P.J., Corley,D.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150922 PMCID Editors
Comparative and cost effectiveness of telemedicine versus telephone counseling for smoking cessation	2015	University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Kansas City, KS, United States. krichter@kumc.edu.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 8-May Volume 17 Issue 5 Start Page e113 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150703; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00843505; GR: R01HL087643/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100959882; EIN: J Med Internet Res. 2015;17(6):e124. Catley, Delwyn [Added]. PMID: 26075409; OID: NLM: PMC4468596; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/27 [received]; 2015/ Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 25956257 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.3975 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25956257 Abstract BACKGROUND: In rural America, cigarette smoking is prevalent and health care providers lack the time and resources to help smokers quit. Telephone quitlines are important avenues for cessation services in rural areas, but they are poorly integrated with local health care resources. OBJECTIVE: The intent of the study was to assess the comparative effectiveness and cost effectiveness of two models for delivering expert tobacco treatment at a distance: telemedicine counseling that was integrated into smokers' primary care clinics (Integrated Telemedicine-ITM) versus telephone counseling, similar to telephone quitline counseling, delivered to smokers in their homes (Phone). METHODS: Smokers (n=566) were recruited offline from 20 primary care and safety net clinics across Kansas. They were randomly assigned to receive 4 sessions of ITM or 4 sessions of Phone counseling. Patients in ITM received real-time video counseling, similar to Skype, delivered by computer/webcams in clinic exam rooms. Three full-time equivalent trained counselors delivered the counseling. The counseling duration and content was the same in both groups and was available in Spanish or English. Both groups also received identical materials and assistance in selecting and obtaining cessation medications. The primary outcome was verified 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at month 12, using an intent-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: There were no significant baseline differences between groups, and the trial achieved 88% follow-up at 12 months. Verified abstinence at 12 months did not significantly differ between ITM or Phone (9.8%, 27/280 vs 12%, 34/286; P=.406). Phone participants completed somewhat more counseling sessions than ITM (mean 2.6, SD 1.5 vs mean 2.4, SD 1.5; P=.0837); however, participants in ITM were significantly more likely to use cessation medications than participants in Phone (55.9%, 128/280 vs 46.1%, 107/286; P=.03). Compared to Phone participants, ITM participants were significantly more likely to recommend the program to a family member or friend (P=.0075). From the combined provider plus participant (societal) perspective, Phone was significantly less costly than ITM. Participants in ITM had to incur time and mileage costs to travel to clinics for ITM sessions. From the provider perspective, counseling costs were similar between ITM (US $45.46, SD 31.50) and Phone (US $49.58, SD 33.35); however, total provider costs varied widely depending on how the clinic space for delivering ITM was valued. CONCLUSIONS: Findings did not support the superiority of ITM over telephone counseling for helping rural patients quit smoking. ITM increased utilization of cessation pharmacotherapy and produced higher participant satisfaction, but Phone counseling was significantly less expensive. Future interventions could combine elements of both approaches to optimize pharmacotherapy utilization, counseling adherence, and satisfaction. Such an approach could commence with a telemedicine-delivered clinic office visit for pharmacotherapy guidance, and continue with telephone or real-time video counseling delivered via mobile phones to flexibly deliver behavioral support to patients where they most need it-in their homes and communities. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00843505; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00843505 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6YKSinVZ9). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Richter,K.P., Shireman,T.I., Ellerbeck,E.F., Cupertino,A.P., Catley,D., Cox,L.S., Preacher,K.J., Spaulding,R., Mussulman,L.M., Nazir,N., Hunt,J.J., Lambart,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150508 PMCID PMC4468596 Editors
Nursing research in community-based approaches to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke	2009	University of Kentucky College of Nursing, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annual Review of Nursing Research Periodical, Abbrev. Annu.Rev.Nurs.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 27 Issue Start Page 365 Other Pages 391 Notes JID: 8406387; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); RF: 116; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0739-6686; 0739-6686 Accession Number PMID: 20192112 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM; N DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20192112 Abstract Secondhand smoke (SHS) is the third leading cause of preventable death in the United States and a major source of indoor air pollution, accounting for an estimated 53,000 deaths per year among nonsmokers. Secondhand smoke exposure varies by gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The most effective public health intervention to reduce SHS exposure is to implement and enforce smoke-free workplace policies that protect entire populations including all workers regardless of occupation, race/ethnicity, gender, age, and socioeconomic status. This chapter summarizes community and population-based nursing research to reduce SHS exposure. Most of the nursing research in this area has been policy outcome studies, documenting improvement in indoor air quality, worker's health, public opinion, and reduction in Emergency Department visits for asthma, acute myocardial infarction among women, and adult smoking prevalence. These findings suggest a differential health effect by strength of law. Further, smoke-free laws do not harm business or employee turnover, nor are revenues from charitable gaming affected. Additionally, smoke-free laws may eventually have a positive effect on cessation among adults. There is emerging nursing science exploring the link between SHS exposure to nicotine and tobacco dependence, suggesting one reason that SHS reduction is a quit smoking strategy. Other nursing research studies address community readiness for smoke-free policy, and examine factors that build capacity for smoke-free policy. Emerging trends in the field include tobacco free health care and college campuses. A growing body of nursing research provides an excellent opportunity to conduct and participate in community and population-based research to reduce SHS exposure for both vulnerable populations and society at large. Descriptors Attitude to Health, Consumer Participation, Environmental Exposure/adverse effects/prevention & control, Health Promotion/organization & administration, Humans, Nursing Research, Public Policy, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/prevention & control, United States, Workplace Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hahn,E. J., Ashford,K. B., Okoli,C. T., Rayens,M. K., Ridner,S. L., York,N. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Self-etching primer vs phosphoric acid: an alternative concept for composite-to-enamel bonding	1999	University of Kiel, Clinic of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Germany.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Operative dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. Oper.Dent. Pub Date Free Form May-Jun Volume 24 Issue 3 Start Page 172 Other Pages 180 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7605679; 0 (Clearfil Liner Bond 2); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dental Cements); 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Diphosphates); 0 (Etch&Prime); 0 (Methacrylates); 0 (Monobond S); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Polymers); 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0361-7734; 0361-7734 Accession Number PMID: 10530279 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10530279 Abstract The purpose of this in vitro study was (1) to investigate the composite-to-enamel bond strength and (2) to analyze the marginal adaptation of resin composite restorations in class 2 cavities using three self-etching priming agents in comparison to conventional phosphoric acid etching and bonding application. In the first part of the study 24 extracted bovine incisors were embedded in acrylic resin and ground flat with 800-grit paper. The following three self-etching priming agents/composite resins were applied to the enamel surfaces of six teeth each: Clearfil Liner Bond 2/Clearfil AP-X (Group I), Etch & Prime 3.0/Degufill mineral (Group II), Resulcin AquaPrime + MonoBond/Ecusit (Group III). In Group IV Ecusit-Mono/Ecusit was used after enamel etching with phosphoric acid (37%). Shear bond strength values measured on a T22 K testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min were: 24.2 +/- 3.0 MPa (Group I), 21.9 +/- 1.4 MPa (II), 34.0 +/- 3.6 MPa (III), and 26.3 +/- 1.8 MPa (IV). ANOVA revealed significant (P < 0.05) differences in shear bond strength between groups, except comparison of Group I and II, and Group I and IV. In the second part of the study 24 standardized class 2 cavity preparations with the approximal box extending 1 mm above the CEJ were prepared in extracted human molars. Enamel margins were beveled and the teeth were divided into four groups of six teeth each. Cavities were restored using the self-etching priming agents Clearfil Liner Bond 2 (Group I), Etch & Prime 3.0 (Group II), and Resulcin AquaPrime + MonoBond (Group III). In Group IV composite resin restorations were placed after 37% phosphoric acid etching and bonding application (Ecusit-Mono). Quantitative SEM analysis of the marginal adaptation of the restorations after thermocycling (5-55 degrees C, 2500 cycles) and mechanical loading (100 N, 500,000 cycles) revealed excellent, gap-free margins in 91.2% (Group I), 93.0% (Group II), 92.0% (Group III), and 92.5% (Group IV) of the restorations' approximal area. There were no statistically significant differences between the four groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, results of the present in vitro study indicate that use of self-etching primers may be an alternative to conventional phosphoric acid pre-treatment in composite-to-enamel bonding restorative techniques. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Animals, Cattle, Composite Resins, Dental Bonding/methods, Dental Cements, Dental Enamel, Dental Marginal Adaptation, Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods, Dentin-Bonding Agents, Diphosphates, Ethanol, Humans, Materials Testing, Methacrylates, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Phosphoric Acids, Polymers/chemistry, Tensile Strength Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hannig,M., Reinhardt,K. J., Bott,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Substance use and sexual behaviour among female students in Nigerian universities	2014	University of Lagos, Nigeria.; University of Lagos, Nigeria.; Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Nigeria.; University of Lagos, Nigeria.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International quarterly of community health education Periodical, Abbrev. Int.Q.Community Health.Educ. Pub Date Free Form Volume 35 Issue 1 Start Page 73 Other Pages 83 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8010942; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0272-684X; 0272-684X Accession Number PMID: 25416433 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2190/IQ.35.1.f [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25416433 Abstract Substance use continues to constitute social and health problems, more so among adolescents and young adults. One consequence is risky sexual behavior, a major problem in sub-Saharan Africa already facing the synergistic problems of poverty and HIV/AIDS. This study of female students aged >/= 18 years in two universities in Nigeria uses a multi-stage stratified random sampling method, and each subject that gave consent to the study was administered with a structured questionnaire by trained interviewers; 2,408 female students were studied (1,854 from the University of Ibadan and 554 from the Bayero University, Kano). The mean age of the respondents was 21.6 (SD = 2.9), and about two-thirds (65.7%) were aged between 20-24, with 2,204 (91.5%) being single and 4.3% married. In all, 23.4% of the subjects used one form of substance. Alcoholic drinks of palm wine, alcoholic wine, and beer were the most common of substances used (22.7%), followed by tobacco (2%) and cannabis (1%). Substance use was significantly associated with religious affiliation of the students (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Oye-Adeniran,B.A., Aina,O.F., Gbadegesin,A., Ekanem,E.E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Bone mineral density and risk of fractures in aging, obese post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes. The GIUMO Study	2009	University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Investigation Group on Osteoporosis, Hospital University Insular, Bone Metabolic Unit, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain. msosa@ono.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Aging clinical and experimental research Periodical, Abbrev. Aging Clin.Exp.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 21 Issue 1 Start Page 27 Other Pages 32 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 101132995; 0 (Blood Glucose); 0 (Cholesterol, LDL); 0 (Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated); 0 (Triglycerides); 0 (hemoglobin A1c protein, human); 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol); ppublish Place of Publication Italy ISSN/ISBN 1594-0667; 1594-0667 Accession Number PMID: 19225266 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 5712 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19225266 Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has a high prevalence in aging obese postmenopausal women. It is not clear whether or not diabetes produces an increase in bone mineral density or an increase in fracture rates. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to investigate whether type 2 DM produces a higher prevalence of vertebral, hip and non-vertebral fractures in obese postmenopausal Caucasian women. A secondary objective was to study the influence of DM in quantitative ultrasound measurements of the heel (QUS) and bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), in both lumbar spine (L2-L4) and proximal femur. METHOD: This study was a prospective cohort of 111 patients with type 2 DM and 91 control individuals (CTR) over age 65 and obese, recruited from 16 centers in Spain. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lateral dorsal and lumbar X-rays were performed to assess vertebral fractures. Hip and non-vertebral fractures were noted from medical records, written reports or Xray studies. QUS measurements were made of the calcaneus and BMD measurements of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and proximal femur. RESULTS: Patients had higher BMD in the lumbar spine (L2-L4) than controls (0.979 g/cm2 vs 0.927 g/cm2, p=0.035), but we found no statistically significant differences in the proximal femur. QUS measurements showed similar values in both groups: BUA (69.3 dB/Mhz vs 66.7 dB/Mhz, p=0.291), SOS (1537 m/sg vs 1532 m/sg, p=0.249) and QUI (87.5 vs 83.7, p=0.153). No statistically significant differences were found in any case. There was no association between vertebral, hip and non-vertebral fractures and DM. The crude odds ratio, without adjusting was 1.045 (CI 95% 0.531 ; 2.059), and the adjusted odds ratio was 0.927 (CI 95% 0.461 ; 1.863). CONCLUSIONS: In obese postmenopausal Caucasian women, type 2 DM produces an increase in BMD of the lumbar spine without changes in BMD of the proximal femur or in QUS measurements of the heel. The prevalence of vertebral, hip and non-vertebral fractures did not increase in type 2 DM. Descriptors Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging/physiology, Blood Glucose/metabolism, Bone Density, Cholesterol/blood, Cholesterol, LDL/blood, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/complications, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Femur/chemistry, Fractures, Bone/complications/epidemiology/etiology, Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated/metabolism, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae/chemistry/pathology, Obesity/blood/complications, Postmenopause, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Spain/epidemiology, Spinal Fractures/epidemiology, Triglycerides/blood Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sosa,M., Saavedra,P., Jodar,E., Lozano-Tonkin,C., Quesada,J. M., Torrijos,A., Perez-Cano,R., Nogues,X., Diaz-Curiel,M., Moro,M. J., Gomez,C., Mosquera,J., Alegre,J., Olmos,J., Munoz-Torres,M., Guanabens,N., Del Pino,J., Hawkins,F., GIUMO Study Group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A review of the health effects of smoking shisha	2015	University of London, London, UK.; University of London, London, UK.; University of London, London, UK.; University of London, London, UK.; University of London, London, UK brendan.madden@stgeorges.nhs.uk.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Clinical medicine (London, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Clin.Med.(Lond) Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 15 Issue 3 Start Page 263 Other Pages 266 Notes LR: 20151225; CI: (c) Royal College of Physicians 2015; JID: 101092853; CIN: Clin Med (Lond). 2015 Oct;15(5):499. PMID: 26430197; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1470-2118; 1470-2118 Accession Number PMID: 26031977 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.7861/clinmedicine.15-3-263 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26031977 Abstract There is emerging evidence, although at early stages, of various detrimental health effects after smoking shisha. With regard to the cardiovascular system, there is a significant acute rise in cardiovascular markers, such as heart rate and blood pressure. The long-term effects on the cardiovascular system are yet to be established. Shisha smoking has also been significantly associated with lung cancer. Various other forms of cancer have also been documented, but have not reached statistical significance and require further research. Finally, shisha smoking increases the risk of infection and has been associated with outbreaks in the Middle East. Therefore, with the increasing consumption of shisha in Europe, especially in the UK, more research is required to tackle this potential public health threat. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kadhum,M., Sweidan,A., Jaffery,A.E., Al-Saadi,A., Madden,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Alternative forms of tobacco use	2008	University of Louvain, Louvain, Belgium. jacques.prignot@uclouvain.be	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Tuberc.Lung Dis. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 12 Issue 7 Start Page 718 Other Pages 727 Notes JID: 9706389; ppublish Place of Publication France ISSN/ISBN 1027-3719; 1027-3719 Accession Number PMID: 18544194 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18544194 Abstract BACKGROUND: A review of the available scientific literature concerning forms of tobacco use other than regular cigarettes, cigars and pipes, the nature of such products, prevalence data and trends, health effects, regulatory issues and preventive measures. RESULTS: Narghile (water pipe), bidis, kreteks and other forms of oral tobacco are traditionally used in many low-income countries, and some of these are currently spreading to the Western countries. They are all linked to negative effects similar to, and often greater than, those associated with common cigarette smoking. Various potentially reduced exposure products (PREPs), including snus, targeted at smokers aware of the health risks of regular cigarettes, have recently been developed by the tobacco industry. Their pathogenic potential varies widely and is not fully known; it is in any case greater than that of pure nicotine forms (such as medicinal nicotine). Their use as cigarette substitutes should not be considered even by inveterate smokers who are unable or unwilling to quit nicotine before further independent evaluation and control. CONCLUSIONS: There is no such thing as a safe tobacco product. Like cigarettes, alternative forms of tobacco use need regulatory measures that are adapted to local situations and supplemented by preventive measures within the World Health Organization's Framework Convention for Tobacco Control. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Prignot,J. J., Sasco,A. J., Poulet,E., Gupta,P. C., Aditama,T. Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Menthol cigarettes and indicators of tobacco dependence among adolescents	2007	University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, School of Public Health, 317 George Street, Suite 209, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA. olivia.wackowski@umdnj.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 32 Issue 9 Start Page 1964 Other Pages 1969 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7603486; 1490-04-6 (Menthol); 2006/07/19 [received]; 2006/11/17 [revised]; 2006/12/14 [accepted]; 2006/12/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0306-4603; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 17229528 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S0306-4603(06)00403-5 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17229528 Abstract OBJECTIVES: This study examines measures of nicotine dependence among adolescent menthol and non-menthol cigarette smokers in a nationally representative sample. METHODS: We examined rates of menthol smoking and measures of nicotine dependence among 1345 current established smokers in grades 9-12 who participated in the 2004 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Logistic regression was used to generate an adjusted odds ratio (OR) for menthol smoking for four measures of nicotine dependence, controlling for demographic characteristics and smoking patterns. RESULTS: Approximately 46% of all current established cigarette smokers were menthol smokers. Menthol smokers had 2.6 and 1.6 greater odds than non-menthol smokers for reporting that they could go for less than 1 h before feeling like they need a cigarette and that they experience cravings after not smoking for a while, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Menthol cigarette smoking was associated with two dependence measures and may be more addictive than regular cigarettes in young smokers. Future research should continue to explore relationships between dependency and menthol use as well as the high prevalence of menthol use among adolescents. Descriptors Adolescent, Age Factors, Female, Humans, Male, Menthol, Prevalence, Severity of Illness Index, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wackowski,O., Delnevo,C. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20061222 PMCID Editors

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