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People with multiple disabilities learn to engage in occupation and work activities with the support of technology-aided programs 2014 University of Bari, Italy. Electronic address: g.lancioni@psico.uniba.it.; Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, USA.; University of Texas at Austin, USA.; Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.; Lega F. D'Oro Research
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Research in developmental disabilities
Periodical, Abbrev.
Res.Dev.Disabil.
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
35
Issue
6
Start Page
1264
Other Pages
1271
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 8709782; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/03/09 [received]; 2014/03/09 [accepted]; 2014/03/29 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3379; 0891-4222
Accession Number
PMID: 24685943
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.ridd.2014.03.026 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24685943
Abstract
These two studies were aimed at assessing technology-aided programs to help persons with multiple disabilities engage in basic occupation or work activities. Specifically, Study I focused on teaching two participants (an adolescent and an adult) with low vision or total blindness, severe/profound intellectual disabilities, and minimal object interaction to engage in constructive object-manipulation responses. The technology monitored their responses and followed them with brief stimulation periods automatically. Study II focused on teaching three adults with deafness, severe visual impairment, and profound intellectual disabilities to perform a complex activity, that is, to assemble a five-component water pipe. The technology regulated (a) light cues to guide the participants through the workstations containing single pipe components and the carton for completed pipes and (b) stimulation events. The results of both studies were positive. The participants of Study I showed consistent and independent engagement in object-manipulation responses. The participants of Study II showed consistent and independent pipe assembling performance. General implications of the two programs and the related technology packages for intervention with persons with multiple disabilities are discussed.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Lancioni,G.E., Singh,N.N., O'Reilly,M.F., Sigafoos,J., Alberti,G., Perilli,V., Laporta,D., Campodonico,F., Oliva,D., Groeneweg,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140329
PMCID
Editors
Inequalities in intentions to quit smoking in Serbia: data from 2006 National Health Survey 2013 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia. bosiljka.djikanovic@mfub.bg.ac.rs
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
127
Issue
6
Start Page
521
Other Pages
529
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 0376507; 2012/03/12 [received]; 2012/08/16 [revised]; 2012/12/21 [accepted]; 2013/05/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1476-5616; 0033-3506
Accession Number
PMID: 23701815
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.puhe.2012.12.029 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23701815
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of smoking is very high in Serbia. A wide range of tobacco control measures and activities have been undertaken to encourage smoking cessation, but it is not known whether smokers in Serbia are willing to quit, and if inequalities exist between them. This study analysed intentions to quit smoking, using the Stages of Change Model, among a population of current and/or former adult smokers in Serbia, and compared socio-economic and demographic characteristics. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study on a nationally representative population sample, using data from the 2006 National Health Survey. The sample consisted of 5905 current or former daily smokers. METHODS: Logistical regression analysis was used to identify associations between socio-economic and demographic characteristics of former/current smokers, and their stage of change in terms of smoking (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance and termination). RESULTS: More than one-fifth (22%) of current smokers did not intend to quit smoking (precontemplation stage). Women were twice as likely to contemplate quitting compared with men [odds ratio (OR) 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.68-2.58]. However, women were less successful in quitting smoking (termination stage) than men (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.52-0.79). In addition to gender, educational inequalities in intentions to quit smoking were identified; less-educated individuals were less willing to quit smoking (preparation and action stages) regardless of their socio-economic status or chronic disease status. CONCLUSION: Tobacco control interventions should be sensitive to gender and educational inequalities in quitting smoking.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Djikanovic,B., Vukovic,D., Djikanovic,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130521
PMCID
Editors
Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from artisanal Travnik young cheeses, sweet creams and sweet kajmaks over four seasons 2014 University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: amarela@imgge.bg.ac.rs.; University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engi
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Food Microbiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Food Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
39
Issue
Start Page
27
Other Pages
38
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 8601127; 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/02/16 [received]; 2013/10/07 [revised]; 2013/10/30 [accepted]; 2013/11/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1095-9998; 0740-0020
Accession Number
PMID: 24387849
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.fm.2013.10.011 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24387849
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the composition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in autochthonous young cheeses, sweet creams and sweet kajmaks produced in the Vlasic mountain region of central Bosnia and Herzegovina near the town of Travnik over a four season period. These three products were made from cow's milk by a traditional method without the addition of a starter culture. Preliminary characterization with phenotype-based assays and identification using rep-PCR with a (GTG)5 primer and 16S rDNA sequence analysis were undertaken for 460 LAB isolates obtained from all the examined samples. Fifteen species were identified as follows: Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus raffinolactis, Lactococcus garviae, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus italicus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Leuconostoc lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus and Streptococcus mitis. A wide genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the species was observed, particularly within the Lc. lactis strains. In all of the tested dairy products across four seasons, a significantly positive correlation (r = 0.690) between the presence of lactococci and enterococci and a negative correlation (r = 0.722) between the presence of lactococci and leuconostocs were recorded. Forty-five percent of the lactobacilli and 54.4% of the lactococci exhibited proteolytic activity, whereas 18.7% of the total LAB isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Terzic-Vidojevic,A., Mihajlovic,S., Uzelac,G., Veljovic,K., Tolinacki,M., Nikolic,M., Topisirovic,L., Kojic,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20131113
PMCID
Editors
Is snus the same as dip? Smokers' perceptions of new smokeless tobacco advertising 2013 University of California San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Ave, Suite 366, Box 1390, San Francisco, CA 94143-1390, USA. pling@medicine.ucsf.edu
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
22
Issue
2
Start Page
84
Other Pages
90
Notes
LR: 20150129; GR: R01 CA141661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA141661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9209612; NIHMS416375; OID: NLM: NIHMS416375; OID: NLM: PMC3599427; 2011/10/04 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 21972063
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050022 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21972063
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Since 2006, leading US cigarette companies have been promoting new snus products as line extensions of popular cigarette brands. These promotional efforts include direct mail marketing to consumers on cigarette company mailing lists. This study examines smokers' reactions to this advertising and perceptions of the new snus products. METHODS: Eight focus groups (n=65 participants) were conducted in San Francisco and Los Angeles in 2010 with smokers who received tobacco direct mail advertising. The focus group discussions assessed smokers' perceptions of the new snus products. Focus group videos were transcribed and coded using Transana software to identify common themes. RESULTS: Most participants were aware of snus advertising and many had tried free samples. Most were aware that snus was supposed to be 'different' from traditional chewing tobacco but consistently did not know why. Participants willing to try snus still identified strongly as smokers, and for some participants, trying snus reinforced their preference for smoking. Snus' major benefits were use in smoke-free environments and avoiding social stigma related to secondhand smoke. Participants were sceptical of the idea that snus was safer than cigarettes and did not see it as an acceptable substitute for cigarettes or as a cessation aid. CONCLUSIONS: Smokers repeated some messages featured in early snus advertising. Snus was not seen as an acceptable substitute for smoking or way to quit cigarettes. Current smoker responses to snus advertising are not consistent with harm reduction.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Bahreinifar,S., Sheon,N.M., Ling,P.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20111004
PMCID
PMC3599427
Editors
Involuntary smoking in the restaurant workplace. A review of employee exposure and health effects 1993 University of California, Berkeley/University of California.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Jama
Periodical, Abbrev.
JAMA
Pub Date Free Form
28-Jul
Volume
270
Issue
4
Start Page
490
Other Pages
493
Notes
LR: 20140917; JID: 7501160; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); CIN: JAMA. 1994 Feb 23;271(8):584-5. PMID: 8301782; ppublish
Place of Publication
UNITED STATES
ISSN/ISBN
0098-7484; 0098-7484
Accession Number
PMID: 8320789
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; AIM; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
8320789
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative exposure to environmental tobacco smoke for bar and restaurant employees compared with office employees and with nonsmokers exposed in the home (part 1) and to determine whether this exposure is contributing to an elevated lung cancer risk in these employees (part 2). DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and bibliographies from identified publications. STUDY SELECTION: In part 1, published studies of indoor air quality were included if they reported a mean concentration of carbon monoxide, nicotine, or particulate matter from measurements taken in one or more bars, restaurants, offices, or residences with at least one smoker. In part 2, published epidemiologic studies that reported a risk estimate for lung cancer incidence or mortality in food-service workers were included if they controlled, directly or indirectly, for active smoking. DATA EXTRACTION: In part 1, a weighted average of the mean concentration of carbon monoxide, nicotine, and respirable suspended particulates reported in studies was calculated for bars, restaurants, offices, and residences. In part 2, the relative lung cancer risk for food-service workers compared with that for the general population was examined in the six identified studies. DATA SYNTHESIS: Levels of environmental tobacco smoke in restaurants were approximately 1.6 to 2.0 times higher than in office workplaces of other businesses and 1.5 times higher than in residences with at least one smoker. Levels in bars were 3.9 to 6.1 times higher than in offices and 4.4 to 4.5 times higher than in residences. The epidemiologic evidence suggested that there may be a 50% increase in lung cancer risk among food-service workers that is in part attributable to tobacco smoke exposure in the workplace. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental tobacco smoke is a significant occupational health hazard for food-service workers. To protect these workers, smoking in bars and restaurants should be prohibited.
Descriptors
Air Pollution, Indoor/statistics & numerical data, Housing, Humans, Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology, Occupational Diseases/epidemiology, Occupational Exposure/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data, Restaurants, Risk Factors, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data, Workplace
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Siegel,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Solid-phase microextraction for the enantiomeric analysis of flavors in beverages 2001 University of California, Davis, Department of Viticulture and Enology, 95616, USA.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of AOAC International
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.AOAC Int.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar-Apr
Volume
84
Issue
2
Start Page
479
Other Pages
485
Notes
LR: 20080317; JID: 9215446; 0 (Flavoring Agents); ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1060-3271; 1060-3271
Accession Number
PMID: 11324614
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
11324614
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis and separation on a chiral cyclodextrin stationary phase was a rapid, reliable technique for profiling chiral aroma compounds in flavored alcoholic beverages. Several enantiomeric terpenes, esters, alcohols, norisoprenoids, and lactones were identified in berry-, peach-, strawberry-, and citrus-flavored wine and malt beverages (wine coolers). Using this technique, we were able to confirm the addition of synthetic flavoring to several beverages, consistent with label designations.
Descriptors
Alcoholic Beverages/analysis, Beverages/analysis, Flavoring Agents/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Stereoisomerism, Wine/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ebeler,S. E., Sun,G. M., Datta,M., Stremple,P., Vickers,A. K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Differences in quit attempts between non-Hispanic Black and White daily smokers: the role of smoking motives 2014 University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, United States.; University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, United States.; University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, United States; University of
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addictive Behaviors
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
39
Issue
12
Start Page
1769
Other Pages
1772
Notes
LR: 20150805; CI: Published by Elsevier Ltd.; GR: M01 RR000865/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 DA030898/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: UL1RR033176/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States; GR: UL1TR000124/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; NIHM
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-6327; 0306-4603
Accession Number
PMID: 25123344
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.07.001 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25123344
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of smoking across racial/ethnic groups has declined over the years, yet racial health disparities for smoking persist. Studies indicate that non-Hispanic Black smokers attempt to quit smoking more often compared to non-Hispanic White smokers but are less successful at doing so. Research suggests that motives to quit smoking differ by race, however, less is known about the role of motives to smoke in explaining racial differences in attempts to quit smoking. METHODS: This study examined whether smoking motives accounted for the differential rates in quit attempts between non-Hispanic Black (n=155) and non-Hispanic White (n=159) smokers. Data were culled from a larger study of heavy-drinking smokers. The Wisconsin Index of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM) assessed motives to smoke. RESULTS: As expected, Black and White smokers reported similar smoking patterns, yet Black smokers reported higher rates of failed attempts to quit smoking than White smokers. Findings indicated that Black, compared to White, smokers endorsed lower scores in the negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, and taste WISDM subscales and scores in these subscales mediated the relationship between race and quit attempts. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, Blacks, compared to Whites, endorsed lower motives to smoke, which are generally associated with successful quit attempts, yet they experienced more failed attempts to quit smoking. This study demonstrates racial health disparities at the level of smoking motives and suggests that Black smokers remain vulnerable to failed quit attempts despite reporting lower motives to smoke.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Bacio,G.A., Guzman,I.Y., Shapiro,J.R., Ray,L.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140731
PMCID
PMC4320691
Editors
Stages of physical dependence in New Zealand smokers: Prevalence and correlates 2016 University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Health Promotion Agency, Wellington, New Zealand.; Health Promotion Agency, Wellington, New Zealand.; Health Promotion Agency, Wellington, New Zealand.; Health Promotion Agency, Wellington, New Zealand.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addictive Behaviors
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
63
Issue
Start Page
161
Other Pages
164
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 7603486; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/05/13 [received]; 2016/07/25 [revised]; 2016/07/30 [accepted]; 2016/08/01 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-6327; 0306-4603
Accession Number
PMID: 27513594
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.07.022 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27513594
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Physically dependent smokers experience symptoms of wanting, craving or needing to smoke when too much time has passed since the last cigarette. There is interest in whether wanting, craving and needing represent variations in the intensity of a single physiological parameter or whether multiple physiological processes may be involved in the developmental progression of physical dependence. AIM: Our aim was to determine how a population of cigarette smokers is distributed across the wanting, craving and needing stages of physical dependence. METHODS: A nationwide survey of 2594 New Zealanders aged 15years and over was conducted in 2014. The stage of physical dependence was assessed using the Levels of Physical Dependence measure. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to assess relations between physical dependence and other variables. RESULTS: Among 590 current smokers (weighted 16.2% of the sample), 22.3% had no physical dependence, 23.5% were in the Wanting stage, 14.4% in the Craving stage, and 39.8% in the Needing stage. The stage of physical dependence was predicted by daily cigarette consumption, and the time to first cigarette, but not by age, gender, ethnicity or socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: Fewer individuals were in the craving stage than either the wanting or needing stages. The resulting inverted U-shaped curve with concentrations at either extreme is difficult to explain as a variation of a single biological parameter. The data support an interpretation that progression through the stages of wanting, craving and needing may involve more than one physiological process. WHAT THIS RESEARCH ADDS: Physical dependence to tobacco develops through a characteristic sequence of wanting, craving and needing which correspond to changes in addiction pathways in the brain. It is important to neuroscience research to determine if the development of physical dependence involves changes in a single brain process, or multiple processes. Our data suggests that more than one physiologic process is involved in the progression of physical dependence.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Walton,D., Newcombe,R., Li,J., Tu,D., DiFranza,J.R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160801
PMCID
Editors
Smoking, but not smokers: identity among college students who smoke cigarettes 2007 University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA. arnold.levinson@uchsc.edu
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
9
Issue
8
Start Page
845
Other Pages
852
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 9815751; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1462-2203; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 17654297
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM
DOI
780759829 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
17654297
Abstract
Cigarette smoking in college is often described as social smoking, but the term lacks definition and implicitly discounts dependence. We report on college students' use of the terms social smoker and smoker. Students who currently smoked cigarettes were asked whether they considered themselves smokers, and whether they smoked because they were social smokers. The survey was conducted during 1999-2004 at eight colleges; analysis was limited to 1,401 students aged 18-24 years. More than half of students (56.3%) denied being smokers ("deniers") despite current smoking behavior. Half of deniers, and fewer than half of admitters, called themselves social smokers. Deniers were highly likely to smoke infrequently, to say they were not addicted to cigarettes, to have mostly nonsmokers as close friends, to prefer dating nonsmokers, and to smoke for reasons other than stress relief. In contrast, social-smoker identity was associated only weakly with any attitude, behavior, or belief. Smoker and social-smoker identities were not significantly correlated with each other. Regardless of identity, more than half of the respondents wanted to quit smoking by graduation. Results suggest that denying being a smoker may be a widespread dissonance among college students who smoke. The possibility should be evaluated using population-level research, because it has potentially undermining implications for smoking cessation campaigns. Campus health centers should avoid using "smoker" self-assessment items on pre-exam questionnaires. Further research is needed to explore the psychosocial mechanisms involved with denier identity, to clarify the implications for public health communications, and to develop appropriate intervention strategies.
Descriptors
Adult, Attitude to Health, Female, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Retrospective Studies, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology, Social Perception, Students/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States/epidemiology, Universities
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Levinson,A. H., Campo,S., Gascoigne,J., Jolly,O., Zakharyan,A., Tran,Z. V.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life 2016 University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Chemistry, Biofilm Centre, Universitatsstrasse 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany.; University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Chemistry, Biofilm Centre, Universitatsstrasse 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany.; Technical University of
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nature reviews.Microbiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nat.Rev.Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
11-Aug
Volume
14
Issue
9
Start Page
563
Other Pages
575
Notes
JID: 101190261; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1740-1534; 1740-1526
Accession Number
PMID: 27510863
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1038/nrmicro.2016.94 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27510863
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are formed by communities that are embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Importantly, bacteria in biofilms exhibit a set of 'emergent properties' that differ substantially from free-living bacterial cells. In this Review, we consider the fundamental role of the biofilm matrix in establishing the emergent properties of biofilms, describing how the characteristic features of biofilms - such as social cooperation, resource capture and enhanced survival of exposure to antimicrobials - all rely on the structural and functional properties of the matrix. Finally, we highlight the value of an ecological perspective in the study of the emergent properties of biofilms, which enables an appreciation of the ecological success of biofilms as habitat formers and, more generally, as a bacterial lifestyle.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Flemming,H.C., Wingender,J., Szewzyk,U., Steinberg,P., Rice,S.A., Kjelleberg,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors