Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author Sort descending | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure to tobacco smoke before and after a partial smoking ban in prison: indoor air quality measures | 2012 | University Center of Legal Medicine of Geneva and Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. catherine.ritter@unige.ch | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
21
Issue
5
Start Page
488
Other Pages
491
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 9209612; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2011/08/11 [aheadofprint]; 2012/07/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 21836161
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1136/tc.2011.043356 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21836161
Abstract
Although exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is reportedly high in prison, few studies have measured this in the prison environment, and none have done so in Europe. We measured two indicators of SHS exposure (particulate matter PM10 and nicotine) in fixed locations before (2009) and after (2010) introduction of a partial smoking ban in a Swiss prison. Access to smoking cessation support was available to detainees throughout the study. OBJECTIVES: To measure SHS before and after the introduction of a partial smoking ban. METHODS: Assessment of particulate matter PM10 (suspended microparticles of 10 mum) and nicotine in ambient air, collected by real-time aerosol monitor and nicotine monitoring devices. RESULTS: The authors observed a significant improvement of nicotine concentrations in the air after the introduction of the smoking ban (before: 7.0 mug/m(3), after: 2.1 mug/m(3), difference 4.9 mug/m(3), 95% CI for difference: 0.52 to 9.8, p=0.03) but not in particulate matter PM10 (before: 0.11 mg/m(3), after: 0.06 mg/m(3), difference 0.06 mg/m(3), 95% CI for difference of means: -0.07 to 0.19, p=0.30). CONCLUSIONS: The partial smoking ban was followed by a decrease in nicotine concentrations in ambient air. These improvements can be attributed to the introduction of the smoking ban since no other policy change occurred during this period. Although this shows that concentrations of SHS decreased significantly, protection was still incomplete and further action is necessary to improve indoor air quality.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ritter,C., Huynh,C.K., Etter,J.F., Elger,B.S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110811
PMCID
Editors
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| Fast and sensitive environmental analysis utilizing microextraction in packed syringe online with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water | 2006 | University College of South Stockholm, SE-141 89 Stockholm, Sweden. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
12-May
Volume
1114
Issue
2
Start Page
234
Other Pages
238
Notes
LR: 20090115; JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2005/12/01 [received]; 2006/01/29 [revised]; 2006/02/10 [accepted]; 2006/03/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
0021-9673; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 16515791
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Validation Studies; IM
DOI
S0021-9673(06)00371-2 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
16515791
Abstract
A new sensitive, selective, fast and accurate technique for online sample preparation was developed. Microextraction in a packed syringe (MEPS) is a new miniaturised, solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique that can be connected online to GC or LC without any modifications. In MEPS approximately 1mg of the solid packing material is inserted into a syringe (100-250 ml) as a plug. Sample preparation takes place on the packed bed. The bed can be coated to provide selective and suitable sampling conditions. The new method is very promising. It is very easy to use, fully automated, of low cost and rapid in comparison with previously used methods. The determination of polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water was performed using MEPS as sample preparation method online with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (MEPS-GC-MS). The results from MEPS as sample preparation were compared with other techniques such as stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The method was validated and the standard curves were evaluated by the means of quadratic regression and weighted by inverse of the concentration: 1/x for the calibration range 5-1,000 ng/L. The MEPS applied polymer (silica-C8) could be used more than 400 times before the syringe was discarded. The extraction recovery was about 70%. The results showed close correlation coefficients (R>0.998) for all analytes in the calibration range studied. The accuracy of MEPS-GC-MS was between 90 and 113% and the inter-day precision (n=3 days), expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD%), was 8-16%. MEPS reduced the handling time by 30 and 100 times compared to SPME and SBSE, respectively.
Descriptors
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Syringes, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
El-Beqqali,A., Kussak,A., Abdel-Rehim,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20060303
PMCID
Editors
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| Transcranial Doppler ultrasound in commercial air divers: a field study including cases with right-to-left shunting | 1995 | University Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Western Infirmary, Glasgow. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc
Periodical, Abbrev.
Undersea Hyperb.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
22
Issue
2
Start Page
129
Other Pages
135
Notes
LR: 20041117; JID: 9312954; ppublish
Place of Publication
UNITED STATES
ISSN/ISBN
1066-2936; 1066-2936
Accession Number
PMID: 7633274
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM; S
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
7633274
Abstract
Many cases of decompression illness occur in divers using recommended decompression tables. Doppler ultrasound has been used for over 20 yr and has shown the presence of venous bubbles in asymptomatic divers working well within decompression limits. Previous studies have demonstrated an increased prevalence of patent foramen ovale in divers who have suffered neurologic decompression illness. It has been postulated that right-to-left shunting through a patent foramen ovale could allow arterialization of these bubbles, causing symptoms and signs of acute decompression illness and possibly chronic subclinical neurologic impairment. We set out to determine the incidence of bubbles in the cerebral circulation of commercial divers decompressing from air dives. Using transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), the middle cerebral arteries of 17 divers were monitored after surfacing from depths ranging between 3 and 50 m. Peripheral contrast injection with simultaneous transthoracic echocardiography and TCD was used to screen for right-to-left shunting. Right-to-left shunting was detected in four divers by TCD (one at rest, two after a Valsalva maneuver, and one only after coughing); however, echocardiography was positive in only one of these subjects after a Valsalva maneuver (TCD was positive at rest in this subject). Seventy-three TCD recordings were performed in four settings: 41 after underwater decompression, 18 after surface decompression, 10 in the interval between surfacing and entering the decompression chamber, and 4 after a chamber dive. Twenty-three of these recordings were in four subjects with right-to-left shunting; no bubbles were detected in any of these recordings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Descriptors
Adult, Cough/physiopathology, Decompression, Decompression Sickness/etiology/ultrasonography, Diving, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications, Humans, Male, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, Valsalva Maneuver
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Glen,S. K., Georgiadis,D., Grosset,D. G., Douglas,J. D., Lees,K. R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Factors influencing the development of Barrett's epithelium in the esophageal remnant postesophagectomy | 2004 | University Department of Surgery, St James' Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The American Journal of Gastroenterology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Gastroenterol.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
99
Issue
2
Start Page
205
Other Pages
211
Notes
LR: 20061115; JID: 0421030; CIN: Am J Gastroenterol. 2005 Feb;100(2):499. PMID: 15667516; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
0002-9270; 0002-9270
Accession Number
PMID: 15046206
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
15046206
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Barrett's esophagus results from chronic reflux of both acid and bile. Reflux of gastric and duodenal contents is facilitated through the denervated stomach following esophagectomy, but the development of Barrett's changes in this model and the relationship to gastric and esophageal physiology is poorly understood. AIMS: To document the development of new Barrett's changes, i.e., columnar metaplasia or specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM) above the anastomosis, and relate this to the recovery of gastric acid production, acid and bile reflux, manometry, and symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-eight patients at a median follow-up of 26 months (range = 12-67) postesophagectomy underwent endoscopy with biopsies taken 1-2 cm above the anastomosis. The indication for esophagectomy had been adenocarcinoma (n = 27), high-grade dysplasia (n = 2), and squamous cell cancer (n = 19). Physiology studies were performed in 27 patients and included manometry (n = 25), intraluminal gastric pH (n = 24), as well as simultaneous 24-hour esophageal pH (n = 27) and bile monitoring (n = 20). RESULTS: Duodenogastric reflux increased over time, with differences between patients greater than and less than 3 years postesophagectomy for acid (p = 0.04) and bile (p = 0.02). Twenty-four patients (50%) developed columnar metaplasia and of these 13 had SIM. The prevalence of columnar metaplasia did not relate to the magnitude of acid or bile reflux, to preoperative neoadjuvant therapies, or to the original tumor histology. The duration of reflux was most significant, with increasing prevalence over time, with SIM in 13 patients at a median of 61 months postesophagectomy compared with 20 months in the 35 patients who were SIM-negative (p < 0.006). Supine reflux correlated with symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The development of Barrett's epithelium is frequent after esophagectomy, is time-related, reflecting chronic acid and bile exposure, and is not specific for adenocarcinoma or the presence of previous Barrett's epithelium. This model may represent a useful in vivo model of the pathogenesis of Barrett's metaplasia and tumorigenesis.
Descriptors
Adenocarcinoma/surgery, Barrett Esophagus/etiology/pathology/physiopathology/surgery, Bile Reflux/etiology/pathology/physiopathology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery, Cohort Studies, Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery, Esophagectomy/adverse effects, Esophagus/pathology/physiopathology/surgery, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/etiology/pathology/physiopathology, Humans, Male, Models, Biological, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
O'Riordan,J. M., Tucker,O. N., Byrne,P. J., McDonald,G. S., Ravi,N., Keeling,P. W., Reynolds,J. V.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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|||
| Junior doctors and waterpipe tobacco smoking | 2014 | University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent.; University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent. E-mail: mohammedjawad@nhs.net. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners
Periodical, Abbrev.
Br.J.Gen.Pract.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
64
Issue
629
Start Page
617
Other Pages
618
Notes
LR: 20151028; JID: 9005323; CON: Br J Gen Pract. 2013 Mar;63(608):127. PMID: 23561766; OID: NLM: PMC4240128; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1478-5242; 0960-1643
Accession Number
PMID: 25452523
Language
eng
SubFile
Comment; Letter; IM
DOI
10.3399/bjgp14X682741 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25452523
Abstract
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Packer,H.M., Jawad,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4240128
Editors
|
|||
| Impact of self-initiated pre-quit smoking reduction on cessation rates: results of a clinical trial of smoking cessation among female prisoners | 2011 | University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35209, United States. kcropsey@be.apsyl.his.uab.edu | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addictive Behaviors
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan-Feb
Volume
36
Issue
2-Jan
Start Page
73
Other Pages
78
Notes
LR: 20141202; CI: Copyright (c) 2010; GR: K23 DA015774/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DA015774-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23DA15774/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); NIHM
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-6327; 0306-4603
Accession Number
PMID: 20888129
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.026 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20888129
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study examined differences in cessation success based on smokers' self-initiated pre-quit reductions in cigarettes per day (cpd). METHODS: The study utilized data from a nicotine replacement+behavioral therapy smoking cessation intervention conducted in a female prison facility with 179 participants who were wait-listed for 6 months prior to intervention. We compared two groups of smokers based on whether they self-selected to reduce smoking prior to their cessation attempt (n=77) or whether they increased smoking or did not reduce (n=102). General Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to model smoking cessation through 12-month follow-up. RESULTS: Examination of pre-cessation cpd showed that those who reduced were heavier smokers at baseline, relative to those who did not reduce (p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Cropsey,K.L., Jackson,D.O., Hale,G.J., Carpenter,M.J., Stitzer,M.L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC3005277
Editors
|
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| Effects of phosphoric acid concentration and etch duration on the shear bond strength of an orthodontic bonding resin to enamel. An in vitro study | 1989 | University of Alabama, Birmingham. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Orthod.Dentofacial Orthop.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
96
Issue
6
Start Page
485
Other Pages
492
Notes
LR: 20121115; JID: 8610224; 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dental Cements); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); E4GA8884NN (phosphoric acid); ppublish
Place of Publication
UNITED STATES
ISSN/ISBN
0889-5406; 0889-5406
Accession Number
PMID: 2686399
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM
DOI
0889-5406(89)90115-7 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
2686399
Abstract
The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effects of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) concentration and duration of etching on the shear bond strength of an orthodontic bonding resin to enamel. Nine bonding procedures, each involving 18 extracted human maxillary permanent canines, were used. Ground enamel surfaces were etched with a 37% H3PO4 solution, a 15% H3PO4 gel, or a 5% H3PO4 solution for 60, 30, and 15 seconds, respectively. Cylinders of an orthodontic bonding resin, Concise, were prepared in a special device. The test specimens were disassembled 15 minutes after preparation and stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. A shear load was applied to the bonded cylinders at a crosshead speed of 0.02 in.min-1 in an Instron testing machine, and the shear bond strengths were calculated and expressed in MN.m-2. A two-factor analysis of the data showed that the H3PO4 concentration had no significant effect on the shear bond strength, but the duration of etching affected shear bond strength significantly. The enamel aspects of the fractured test specimens were examined microscopically and the percent failure within the bonding resin at the bonding sites estimated. The correlation between shear bond strength and percentage failure within the bonding resin was not significant. The effects of the nine etching procedures on ground and unground enamel surfaces were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The etching procedures produced well-defined etching patterns on both ground and unground enamel surfaces.
Descriptors
Acid Etching, Dental/methods, Composite Resins, Dental Bonding, Dental Cements, Dental Enamel/ultrastructure, Dental Stress Analysis, Humans, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Phosphoric Acids/administration & dosage, Time Factors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Legler,L. R., Retief,D. H., Bradley,E. L., Denys,F. R., Sadowsky,P. L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulate matter by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry | 2010 | University of Almeria, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 04071 Almerea, Spain. agarrido@ual.es | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of AOAC International
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.AOAC Int.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan-Feb
Volume
93
Issue
1
Start Page
284
Other Pages
294
Notes
JID: 9215446; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1060-3271; 1060-3271
Accession Number
PMID: 20334190
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Studies; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20334190
Abstract
An accurate and sensitive method for the identification and the quantification of 24 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in airborne particulate matter has been developed and validated using GC/MS/MS with a triple quadrupole analyzer. Ultrasonic extraction (USE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) were evaluated. PLE was selected because it provided better recoveries and reduced treatment time and use of solvents compared to USE. Cleanup of PLE extracts was not necessary. The accuracy of the optimized method was tested using a standard reference material of urban dust (SRM 1649a). PAH recoveries were between 70 and 99% (except for naphthalene, which was lower than 20%) with RSDs ranging from 2.6 to 15.3%. Linearity in the range 5-500 ng/mL provided R2 values higher than 0.99 for all compounds. LODs for PAHs ranged from 0.001 to 0.435 ng/mL and LOQs ranged from 0.003 to 0.757 ng/mL. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of real samples collected in the city of Almeria, Spain, where some PAHs were found at levels lower than the legislated limit.
Descriptors
Air Pollutants/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods/statistics & numerical data, Particulate Matter/analysis, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Spain, Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods/statistics & numerical data
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Frenich,A. G., Ocana,R. M., Vidal,J. L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Graphic warning labels on plain cigarette packs: will they make a difference to adolescents? | 2012 | University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. j.mccool@auckland.ac.nz | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Social science & medicine (1982)
Periodical, Abbrev.
Soc.Sci.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
74
Issue
8
Start Page
1269
Other Pages
1273
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 8303205; 2010/09/09 [received]; 2011/12/15 [revised]; 2011/12/22 [accepted]; 2012/02/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-5347; 0277-9536
Accession Number
PMID: 22385817
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.043 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22385817
Abstract
Graphic warning labels and plain cigarette packaging are two initiatives developed to increase quit behaviour among smokers. Although a little is known about how adolescents interpret graphic warning labels, very few studies have examined how plain cigarette packaging would affect adolescents' perceptions of cigarette smoking and smoking behaviour. We explored how teens interpret and respond to graphic warning labels and the plain packaging of cigarettes, to assess the potential these strategies may offer in deterring smoking initiation. Twelve focus group interviews with a sample of 80 14-16 year old students from a diverse range of schools in Auckland, New Zealand were undertaken between June and August 2009. Textual analysis revealed that graphic warning labels may influence adolescents by reiterating a negative image of smokers. Graphic warning on a plain cigarette pack increased the attention paid to graphic warning labels and the overall perceptions of harm caused by cigarette smoking, and reduced the social appeal of cigarette smoking. This research offers evidence on how adolescents are appraising and interpreting graphic warning labels, and explores how dominant appraisals may affect the role graphic warning labels play in preventing smoking. Not only would plain cigarette packaging enhance the salience and impact of graphic warning labels, but it would potentially bolster the overall message that cigarette smoking is harmful. In the context of a comprehensive tobacco control programme, graphic warning labels on plain cigarette packaging present an explicit message about the risks (to health and image) associated with cigarette smoking.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
McCool,J., Webb,L., Cameron,L.D., Hoek,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120217
PMCID
Editors
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| Assessing the potential biological implications of recreational inshore fisheries on sub-tidal fish communities of Azores (north-east Atlantic Ocean) using catch and effort data | 2014 | University of Azores, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, Rua Prof. Doutor Frederico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of fish biology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Fish Biol.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
84
Issue
4
Start Page
952
Other Pages
970
Notes
CI: (c) 2014; JID: 0214055; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/05/14 [received]; 2014/01/08 [revised]; 2014/01/08 [accepted]; 2014/03/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1095-8649; 0022-1112
Accession Number
PMID: 24665895
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1111/jfb.12336 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24665895
Abstract
Recreational inshore fishing activities practiced on Faial and Pico Islands (Azorean archipelago) were surveyed between October 2004 and September 2005. Recreational inshore fishers employ three main methods of fishing (shore angling, spear fishing and intertidal collecting). The method that demanded the highest fishing effort (number of fishing operations) was shore angling, followed by intertidal collecting and spear fishing. Shore angling produced the highest diversity of catch composition (38), which is in part explained by the seven fishing techniques used by shore anglers. The estimates of annual catch were higher for shore angling than spear fishing (51.2 and 6.3 t) even though they were lower than commercial artisanal fishing (442 t). The weighted mean trophic level and vulnerability index values in the fish catch were higher for spear fishing (3.4 and 50.9) than for shore angling (3.1 and 44.5). Cumulative pressure by different recreational fishing activities was detected on species already subject to a heavy pressure from Azorean commercial fishing, and on vulnerable and top-predator species. There are important biological and ecological implications whereby fishery managers should implement additional regulations such as prohibiting catches of the most vulnerable species.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
Data Source
Authors
Diogo,H., Pereira,J.G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140325
PMCID
Editors
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