WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
An outbreak of Ebola in Uganda	2002	Uganda Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH Periodical, Abbrev. Trop.Med.Int.Health Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 7 Issue 12 Start Page 1068 Other Pages 1075 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 9610576; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-2276; 1360-2276 Accession Number PMID: 12460399 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 944 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12460399 Abstract An outbreak of Ebola disease was reported from Gulu district, Uganda, on 8 October 2000. The outbreak was characterized by fever and haemorrhagic manifestations, and affected health workers and the general population of Rwot-Obillo, a village 14 km north of Gulu town. Later, the outbreak spread to other parts of the country including Mbarara and Masindi districts. Response measures included surveillance, community mobilization, case and logistics management. Three coordination committees were formed: National Task Force (NTF), a District Task Force (DTF) and an Interministerial Task Force (IMTF). The NTF and DTF were responsible for coordination and follow-up of implementation of activities at the national and district levels, respectively, while the IMTF provided political direction and handled sensitive issues related to stigma, trade, tourism and international relations. The international response was coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) under the umbrella organization of the Global Outbreak and Alert Response Network. A WHO/CDC case definition for Ebola was adapted and used to capture four categories of cases, namely, the 'alert', 'suspected', 'probable' and 'confirmed cases'. Guidelines for identification and management of cases were developed and disseminated to all persons responsible for surveillance, case management, contact tracing and Information Education Communication (IEC). For the duration of the epidemic that lasted up to 16 January 2001, a total of 425 cases with 224 deaths were reported countrywide. The case fatality rate was 53%. The attack rate (AR) was highest in women. The average AR for Gulu district was 12.6 cases/10 000 inhabitants when the contacts of all cases were considered and was 4.5 cases/10 000 if limited only to contacts of laboratory confirmed cases. The secondary AR was 2.5% when nearly 5000 contacts were followed up for 21 days. Uganda was finally declared Ebola free on 27 February 2001, 42 days after the last case was reported. The Government's role in coordination of both local and international support was vital. The NTF and the corresponding district committees harmonized implementation of a mutually agreed programme. Community mobilization using community-based resource persons and political organs, such as Members of Parliament was effective in getting information to the public. This was critical in controlling the epidemic. Past experience in epidemic management has shown that in the absence of regular provision of information to the public, there are bound to be deleterious rumours. Consequently rumour was managed by frank and open discussion of the epidemic, providing daily updates, fact sheets and press releases. Information was regularly disseminated to communities through mass media and press conferences. Thus all levels of the community spontaneously demonstrated solidarity and response to public health interventions. Even in areas of relative insecurity, rebel abductions diminished considerably. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Community Health Services, Disease Outbreaks, Female, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/prevention & control, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Isolation, Public Health Practice, Sex Distribution, Uganda/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Okware,S. I., Omaswa,F. G., Zaramba,S., Opio,A., Lutwama,J. J., Kamugisha,J., Rwaguma,E. B., Kagwa,P., Lamunu,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Containing a haemorrhagic fever epidemic: the Ebola experience in Uganda (October 2000-January 2001)	2004	Uganda Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. mlamunu@yahoo.co.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Infect.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 8 Issue 1 Start Page 27 Other Pages 37 Notes LR: 20130715; JID: 9610933; ppublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1201-9712; 1201-9712 Accession Number PMID: 14690778 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S1201971203000079 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14690778 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The Ebola virus, belonging to the family of filoviruses, was first recognized in 1976 when it caused concurrent outbreaks in Yambuku in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and in the town of Nzara in Sudan. Both countries share borders with Uganda. A total of 425 cases and 224 deaths attributed to Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) were recorded in Uganda in 2000/01. Although there was delayed detection at the community level, prompt and efficient outbreak investigation led to the confirmation of the causative agent on 14 October 2000 by the National Institute of Virology in South Africa, and the subsequent institution of control interventions. CONTROL INTERVENTIONS: Public health interventions to contain the epidemic aimed at minimizing transmission in the health care setting and in the community, reducing the case fatality rate due to the epidemic, strengthening co-ordination for the response and building capacity for on-going surveillance and control. Co-ordination of the control interventions was organized through the Interministerial Committee, National Ebola Task Force, District Ebola Task Forces, and the Technical Committees at national and district levels. The World Health Organization (WHO) under the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network co-ordinated the international response. The post-outbreak control interventions addressed weaknesses prior to outbreak detection and aimed at improving preparations for future outbreak detection and response. Challenges to control efforts included inadequate and poor quality protective materials, deaths of health workers, numerous rumors and the rejection of convalescent cases by members of the community. CONCLUSIONS: This was recognized as the largest reported outbreak of EHF in the world. Control interventions were very successful in containing the epidemic. The community structures used to contain the epidemic have continued to perform well after containment of the outbreak, and have proved useful in the identification of other outbreaks. This was also the first outbreak response co-ordinated by the WHO under the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, a voluntary organization recently created to co-ordinate technical and financial resources to developing countries during outbreaks. Descriptors Communicable Disease Control/methods, Disease Outbreaks, Ebolavirus/growth & development, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/prevention & control/virology, Humans, Uganda/epidemiology, World Health Organization Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lamunu,M., Lutwama,J. J., Kamugisha,J., Opio,A., Nambooze,J., Ndayimirije,N., Okware,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco use and associated factors among Adults in Uganda: Findings from a nationwide survey	2016	Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Field Epidemiology Track, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.; Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.; Control of Non-Communicable Diseases Desk, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Ugand	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco induced diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Tob Induc Dis. Pub Date Free Form 11-Aug Volume 14 Issue Start Page 27 Other Pages 016-0093-8. eCollection 2016 Notes LR: 20160817; JID: 101201591; OID: NLM: PMC4981967; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016 [ecollection]; 2016/05/12 [received]; 2016/08/05 [accepted]; 2016/08/11 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2070-7266; 1617-9625 Accession Number PMID: 27524959 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1186/s12971-016-0093-8 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27524959 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco use and the exposure to tobacco smoke is one of the most preventable causes of death and disability globally. The risk is even higher among daily tobacco users. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that surveillance of major risk factors for Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as tobacco use is imperative to predict the future burden of NCDs, identify interventions to reduce future burden and monitor emerging patterns and trends. In 2014 the first Uganda nation-wide NCD risk factor survey was carried out to estimate the prevalence of major NCD risk factors. We analyzed data from this survey to estimate the prevalence of daily tobacco use and associated risk factors. METHODS: A nationally representative sample was drawn stratified by the four regions of the country. The WHO's STEPwise tool was used to collect data on demographic and behavioral characteristics including tobacco use, physical and biochemical measurements. Tobacco use was divided into three categories; daily tobacco use, daily smoked tobacco use and daily smokeless tobacco use. Weighted logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with daily tobacco use. RESULTS: Of the 3983 participants, 9.2 % (366) were daily tobacco users, 7.4 % (294) were daily smoked tobacco users and 2.9 % (115) were daily smokeless tobacco users. Male participants were more likely to be daily tobacco users compared with female participants AOR 5.51 [3.81-7.95]. Compared with participants aged 18-29 years, those aged 30-49 years were more likely to be daily tobacco users AOR 2.47 [1.54-3.94] as were those aged 50-69 years AOR 2.82 [1.68-4.74]. Compared with participants without any education, those with primary education were less likely to be daily tobacco users AOR 0.43 [0.29-0.65], as were those with secondary education AOR 0.21 [0.14-0.33] and those with university level of education AOR 0.23 [0.11-0.48]. Compared with participants in the central region, those in the eastern region were more likely to be daily tobacco users AOR 2.14 [1.33-3.45] as were those in the northern region AOR 4.31 [2.79-6.45] and those in the western region AOR 1.87 [1.18-2.97]. Participants who were underweight were more likely to be daily tobacco users compared with people with normal BMI AOR 2.19 [1.48-3.24]. CONCLUSIONS: In agreement with previous surveys on tobacco use, there is a high prevalence of tobacco use in Uganda with almost 1 in every 10 Ugandans using tobacco products daily. Being older, male, having no formal education, residing in the east, north and western regions and having low BMI were significantly associated with daily tobacco use. This information provides a useful benchmark to the National Tobacco Control Program for the designing of public health interventions for the control and prevention of tobacco use in Uganda. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kabwama,S.N., Ndyanabangi,S., Mutungi,G., Wesonga,R., Bahendeka,S.K., Guwatudde,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160811 PMCID PMC4981967 Editors
The effectiveness of tobacco control television advertisements in increasing the prevalence of smoke-free homes	2015	UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK. sarah.lewis@nottingham.ac.uk.; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcoho	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 8-Sep Volume 15 Issue Start Page 869 Other Pages 015-2207-2 Notes LR: 20151222; GR: MR/J00023X/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 100968562; 0 (Smoke); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC4562106; 2014/12/11 [received]; 2015/09/02 [accepted]; 2015/09/08 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 26350614 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-2207-2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26350614 Abstract BACKGROUND: There is considerable evidence that tobacco control mass media campaigns can change smoking behaviour. In the UK, campaigns over the last decade have contributed to declines in smoking prevalence and been associated with falls in cigarette consumption among continuing smokers. However, it is less evident whether such campaigns can also play a role in changing smokers' behaviour in relation to protecting others from the harmful effects of their smoking in the home. We investigated whether exposure to English televised tobacco control campaigns, and specifically campaigns targeting second hand smoking, is associated with smokers having a smoke-free home. METHODS: We used repeated cross-sectional national survey data on 9872 households which participated in the Health Survey for England between 2004 and 2010, with at least one adult current smoker living in the household. Exposure to all government-funded televised tobacco control campaigns, and to those specifically with a second hand smoking theme, was quantified in Gross Rating Points (GRPs), an average per capita measure of advert exposure where 100 GRPs indicates 100 % of adults exposed once or 50 % twice. Our outcome was self-reported presence of a smoke-free home (where no one smokes in the home on most days). Analysis used generalised additive models, controlling for individual factors and temporal trends. RESULTS: There was no association between monthly televised campaigns overall and the probability of having a smoke-free home. However, exposure to campaigns specifically targeting second hand smoke was associated with increased odds of a smoke-free home in the following month (odds ratio per additional 100 GRPs, 1.07, 95 % CI 1.01 to 1.13), though this association was not seen at other lags. These effects were not modified by socio-economic status or by presence of a child in the home. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide tentative evidence that mass media campaigns specifically focussing on second hand smoke may be effective in reducing smoking in the home, and further evaluation of campaigns of this type is needed. General tobacco control campaigns in England, which largely focus on promoting smoking cessation, do not impact on smoke-free homes over and above their direct effect at reducing smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lewis,S., Sims,M., Richardson,S., Langley,T., Szatkowski,L., McNeill,A., Gilmore,A.B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150908 PMCID PMC4562106 Editors
Lack of attentional retraining effects in cigarette smokers attempting cessation: a proof of concept double-blind randomised controlled trial	2015	UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK. Electronic address: rachna.begh@phc.ox.ac.uk.; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psyc	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Apr Volume 149 Issue Start Page 158 Other Pages 165 Notes LR: 20160805; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; ISRCTN/ISRCTN54375405; GR: MC_UU_12013/6/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 7513587; EMS69300; OID: NLM: EMS69300; OID: NLM: PMC4961243; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/02 [received]; 2015/01/20 [revised]; 2015/01/28 Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 25697911 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.041 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25697911 Abstract BACKGROUND: Observational studies have shown that attentional bias for smoking-related cues is associated with increased craving and relapse. Laboratory experiments have shown that manipulating attentional bias may change craving. Interventions to reduce attentional bias could reduce relapse in smokers seeking to quit. We report a clinical trial of attentional retraining in treatment-seeking smokers. METHODS: This was a double-blind randomised controlled trial that took place in UK smoking cessation clinics. Smokers interested in quitting were randomised to five weekly sessions of attentional retraining (N=60) or placebo training (N = 58) using a modified visual probe task from one week prior to quit day. Both groups received 21 mg nicotine patches (from quit day onwards) and behavioural support. Primary outcomes included change in attentional bias reaction times four weeks after quit day on the visual probe task and craving measured weekly using the Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale. Secondary outcomes were changes in withdrawal symptoms, time to first lapse and prolonged abstinence. RESULTS: No attentional bias towards smoking cues was found in the sample at baseline (mean difference = 3 ms, 95% CI = -2, 9). Post-training bias was not significantly lower in the retraining group compared with the placebo group (mean difference = -9 ms, 95% CI = -20, 2). There was no difference between groups in change in craving (p = 0.89) and prolonged abstinence at four weeks (risk ratio = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.70, 1.43). CONCLUSIONS: Taken with one other trial, there appears to be no effect from clinic-based attentional retraining using the visual probe task. Attentional retraining conducted out of clinic may prove more effective. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: UK Clinical Trials ISRCTN 54375405. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Begh,R., Munafo,M.R., Shiffman,S., Ferguson,S.G., Nichols,L., Mohammed,M.A., Holder,R.L., Sutton,S., Aveyard,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150209 PMCID PMC4961243 Editors
Canadian and English students' beliefs about waterpipe smoking: a qualitative study	2009	UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 10-Jan Volume 9 Issue Start Page 10 Other Pages 9/10/2458 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100968562; 059QF0KO0R (Water); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC2628878; 2008/06/23 [received]; 2009/01/10 [accepted]; 2009/01/10 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 19134220 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-9-10 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19134220 Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking is becoming popular among western students. The aim was to understand the appeal to students of this form of smoking when other forms of smoking are becoming less common. METHODS: Waterpipe smokers were identified by snowball sampling and interviewed following a semi-structured schedule in waterpipe cafes and in their homes. Constant comparative analysis was used to derive themes for the analysis. RESULTS: Waterpipe smokers saw smoking as an alternative to more expensive nights out in bars. The appeal was related to the communal activity and the novelty of the experience. Respondents had not thought deeply about the health risks and reasoned that if no warnings about waterpipe smoking were apparent (unlike cigarette smoking) then it was probably safe. These observations were reinforced by observations about the mildness of the smoke, the fruit flavours, and beliefs about the filtering of the water. Waterpipe smokers felt no pressure to stop smoking and therefore had not tried to do so, but felt it might be something they did not continue after university. Waterpipe smoking was not linked in students' minds to other forms of smoking except in one individual who was using waterpipe smoking to help quit cigarettes. CONCLUSION: In the absence of public health information, students have fallen back on superficial experiences to form views that waterpipe smoking is less harmful than other forms of smoking and it is currently much more acceptable in student society than other forms of smoking. Descriptors Administration, Inhalation, Adolescent, Age Distribution, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cultural Characteristics, Female, Great Britain/epidemiology, Group Processes, Health Behavior, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Nicotine/administration & dosage, Ontario/epidemiology, Prevalence, Qualitative Research, Sex Distribution, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Students/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco, Water, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Roskin,J., Aveyard,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090110 PMCID PMC2628878 Editors
Patterns of electronic cigarette use and user beliefs about their safety and benefits: an internet survey	2013	UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, Tobacco Dependence Research Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. m.goniewicz@qmul.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and Alcohol Review Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Rev. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 32 Issue 2 Start Page 133 Other Pages 140 Notes LR: 20150222; CI: (c) 2012; GR: R25 CA113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R25CA113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom; GR: Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1465-3362; 0959-5236 Accession Number PMID: 22994631 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00512.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22994631 Abstract INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: As the popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) increases, it is becoming important to find out more about the characteristics of e-cigarette users, why and how they use the product and whether e-cigarettes are used exclusively or in combination with conventional cigarettes. The objective of this study was to investigate patterns and effects of e-cigarette use and user beliefs about e-cigarette safety and benefits. DESIGN AND METHODS: E-cigarette users in Poland were recruited online and asked to participate in a web-based survey. The participants provided information on their smoking history, patterns of e-cigarette use, beliefs and attitudes regarding the product and information on concurrent use of conventional cigarettes. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 179 e-cigarette users. Almost all participants used e-cigarettes daily. E-cigarettes were primarily used to quit smoking or to reduce the harm associated with smoking (both 41%), and were successful in helping the surveyed users to achieve these goals with 66% not smoking conventional cigarettes at all and 25% smoking under five cigarettes a day. Most participants (82%) did not think that e-cigarettes were completely safe, but thought that they were less dangerous than conventional cigarettes. Sixty percent believed that e-cigarettes were addictive, but less so than conventional cigarettes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The participants primarily used e-cigarettes as a stop-smoking aid or as an alternative to conventional cigarettes, and the majority reported that they successfully stopped smoking. More data on e-cigarette safety and its efficacy in harm-reduction and smoking cessation are needed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Data Source Authors Goniewicz,M.L., Lingas,E.O., Hajek,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120920 PMCID PMC3530631 Editors
The forgotten smoker: a qualitative study of attitudes towards smoking, quitting, and tobacco control policies among continuing smokers	2013	UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK. mcxnu1@nottingham.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 3-May Volume 13 Issue Start Page 432 Other Pages 2458-13-432 Notes LR: 20150427; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3651294; 2012/07/25 [received]; 2013/04/22 [accepted]; 2013/05/03 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 23641875 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-432 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23641875 Abstract BACKGROUND: Although research suggests that the majority of smokers want to quit smoking, the uptake of Stop Smoking Services, designed to assist smokers with quitting, remains low. Little is known about continuing smokers who do not access these services, and opportunities to influence their motivation and encourage quit attempts through the uptake of services. Using PRIME theory, this study explored differences between continuing smokers who had varying levels of motivation to quit, in terms of their plans to quit, evaluative beliefs about smoking, cigarette dependence, and attitudes towards tobacco control policies and services. METHODS: Twenty-two current smokers, recruited from the community, were classified by motivation level to quit using a self-report questionnaire (two groups: high/low). Four focus groups (n=13) and individual interviews (n=9) were conducted with both groups using an interview guide incorporating aspects of PRIME theory. Discussion areas included motives for smoking, attitudes towards smoking and quitting, perceptions of dependence, motives for quitting, barriers to quitting, and attitudes towards existing and impending tobacco control policies and services. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using thematic framework analysis. RESULTS: All participants expressed low motivation to quit during discussions, despite some initially self-classifying as having high explicit levels of motivation to quit. Both groups reported similar attitudes towards smoking and quitting, including a perceived psychological addiction to smoking, positive evaluations about smoking which inhibited plans to quit, and similar suggested methods to increase motivation (simply wanting to, save money, improve health). Most felt that they 'ought' to quit as opposed to 'wanted' to. Little influence was ascribed towards tobacco control policies such as plain packaging and hidden sales displays, and participants felt that price increases of tobacco products needed to be considerable in order to influence motivation. Highly motivated smokers expressed more willingness to visit Stop Smoking Services, although none had done so. CONCLUSION: Continuing smokers' attitudes towards smoking and quitting suggests that research and policy need to focus on increasing smokers' implicit motivation to quit smoking, even for those who classified themselves as having high motivation to quit. Targeted information and further education about Stop Smoking Services is required to increase uptake. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Uppal,N., Shahab,L., Britton,J., Ratschen,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130503 PMCID PMC3651294 Editors
Carbon monoxide poisoning after smoking from a water pipe	2013	UMCG, afd. Spoedeisende Hulp, Groningen, the Netherlands. b.w.j.bens@umcg.nl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde Periodical, Abbrev. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. Pub Date Free Form Volume 157 Issue 29 Start Page A6201 Other Pages Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0400770; S88TT14065 (Oxygen); ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1876-8784; 0028-2162 Accession Number PMID: 23859108 Language dut SubFile Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23859108 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking from a water pipe has become increasingly popular, but this is not as innocent as it seems. CASE DESCRIPTION: Three women presented to the emergency department after having smoked from a water pipe. The first patient had experienced a syncopal episode and still had symptoms of dizziness and a headache afterwards. The second patient only had a headache and the third had no symptoms. The physical examinations and standard vital sign measurements of all three patients were normal. Analyses of the arterial blood gases, however, showed carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning: the patients had HbCO concentrations of 22, 19.5 and 5.7%, respectively. We administered high concentrations of oxygen to each, but the first 2 patients continued to experience symptoms for several weeks. The CO poisoning was probably caused by the incomplete combustion of the charcoal in the water pipe which resulted in CO being released. CONCLUSION: The regular or even one-time use of a water pipe containing tobacco or an aromatised substance can cause CO poisoning. Patients can continue to experience symptoms for weeks after an episode of acute CO poisoning. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bens,B.W., ter Maaten,J.C., Ligtenberg,J.J. Original/Translated Title Koolmonoxidevergiftiging na roken van een waterpijp URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Diversity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Brazilian water buffalo mozzarella cheese	2015	UNESP-Sao Paulo State Univ, Food Engineering and Technology Dept, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Food Science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Food Sci. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 80 Issue 2 Start Page M411 Other Pages 7 Notes CI: (c) 2015; JID: 0014052; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/08/17 [received]; 2014/04/12 [accepted]; 2015/01/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1750-3841; 0022-1147 Accession Number PMID: 25597646 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/1750-3841.12771 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25597646 Abstract The water buffalo mozzarella cheese is a typical Italian cheese which has been introduced in the thriving Brazilian market in the last 10 y, with good acceptance by its consumers. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an important role in the technological and sensory quality of mozzarella cheese. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the diversity of the autochthones viable LAB isolated from water buffalo mozzarella cheese under storage. Samples were collected in 3 independent trials in a dairy industry located in the southeast region of Brazil, on the 28th day of storage, at 4 masculineC. The LAB were characterized by Gram staining, catalase test, capacity to assimilate citrate, and production of CO2 from glucose. The diversity of LAB was evaluated by RAPD-PCR (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and by Vitek 2 system. Twenty LAB strains were isolated and clustered into 12 different clusters, and identified as Streptococcus thermophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus durans, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, and Lactobacillus helveticus. Enterococcus species were dominant and citrate-positive. Only the strains of L. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides and L. fermentum produced CO2 from glucose and were citrate-positive, while L. casei was only citrate positive. This is the first report which elucidates the LAB diversity involved in Brazilian water buffalo mozzarella cheese. Furthermore, the results show that despite the absence of natural whey cultures as starters in production, the LAB species identified are the ones typically found in mozzarella cheese. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Institute of Food Technologists(R) Data Source Authors Silva,L.F., Casella,T., Gomes,E.S., Nogueira,M.C., De Dea Lindner,J., Penna,A.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150116 PMCID Editors

E-mail