WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Updating the minimal important difference for six-minute walk distance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	2010	School of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. a.holland@alfred.org.au	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Phys.Med.Rehabil. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 91 Issue 2 Start Page 221 Other Pages 225 Notes LR: 20101118; CI: Copyright 2010; JID: 2985158R; 2009/08/05 [received]; 2009/10/12 [revised]; 2009/10/19 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1532-821X; 0003-9993 Accession Number PMID: 20159125 Language eng SubFile Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.10.017 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20159125 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To establish the minimal important difference (MID) for the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). DESIGN: Analysis of data from an observational study using distribution- and anchor-based methods to determine the MID in 6MWD. SETTING: Outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program at 2 teaching hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-five patients with COPD (44 men) in a stable clinical state with mean age 70 years (SD 9 y), forced expiratory volume in one second 52% (SD 21%) predicted and baseline walking distance 359 meters (SD 104 m). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants completed the six-minute walk test before and after a 7-week pulmonary rehabilitation program. Participants and clinicians completed a global rating of change score while blinded to the change in 6MWD. RESULTS: The mean change in 6MWD in participants who reported themselves to be unchanged was 17.7 meters, compared with 60.2 meters in those who reported small change and 78.4 meters in those who reported substantial change (P=.004). Anchor-based methods identified an MID of 25 meters (95% confidence interval 20-61 m). There was excellent agreement with distribution-based methods (25.5-26.5m, kappa=.95). A change in 6MWD of 14% compared with baseline also represented a clinically important effect; this threshold was less sensitive than for absolute change (sensitivity .70 vs .85). CONCLUSIONS: The MID for 6MWD in COPD is 25 meters. Absolute change in 6MWD is a more sensitive indicator than percentage change from baseline. These data support the use of 6MWD as a patient-important outcome in research and clinical practice. Descriptors Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Exercise Test, Exercise Tolerance/physiology, Female, Forced Expiratory Volume, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Predictive Value of Tests, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology/rehabilitation, Self-Assessment, Walking/physiology Links Book Title Database Publisher American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Holland,A. E., Hill,C. J., Rasekaba,T., Lee,A., Naughton,M. T., McDonald,C. F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Urinary cotinine in narguila or chicha tobacco smokers.	1997	Macaron, C., RIA Reference Laboratory, Zahleh, Lebanon.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Le Journal mÃ©dical libanais.The Lebanese medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Liban. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 45 Issue 1 Start Page 19 Other Pages 20 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0023-9852 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Urinary levels of nicotine metabolites were measured in nonsmokers and smokers of tobacco either as cigarettes or as the Middle-Eastern water pipes (narguila). Levels of urinary cotinine were similar for the smokers of cigarettes (median 30 cigarettes per day) and narguila (median 2 pipes per day, or around 40 grams of tobacco). Use of water pipes may remove a small amount of nicotine, but smokers appear to titrate dose to effect. It is unlikely that narguila smoking confers any less risk. Descriptors cotinine, drug derivative, hydroxycotinine, adult, aged, article, comparative study, female, human, Lebanon, male, middle aged, radioimmunoassay, sex difference, smoking, urine Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Macaron,C., Macaron,Z., Maalouf,M. T., Macaron,N., Moore,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
US college students' use of tobacco products: results of a national survey	2000	Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, 9th Floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA. nrigotti@partners.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Jama Periodical, Abbrev. JAMA Pub Date Free Form 9-Aug Volume 284 Issue 6 Start Page 699 Other Pages 705 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7501160; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0098-7484; 0098-7484 Accession Number PMID: 10927777 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI joc00488 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10927777 Abstract CONTEXT: Adults aged 18 to 24 years, many of whom are in college, represent the youngest legal targets for tobacco industry marketing. Cigarette smoking has been described among college students, but little is known about non-cigarette tobacco use by college students or cigar use by adults of any age. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of all forms of tobacco use (cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco) among US college students and to identify student- and college-level factors associated with use of each product. DESIGN: The Harvard College Alcohol Survey, a self-administered survey conducted in 1999. SETTING: One hundred nineteen nationally representative US 4-year colleges. SUBJECTS: A total of 14,138 randomly selected students (60% response rate). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-report of current (in the past 30 days), past-year, and lifetime use of cigarettes, cigars, pipes, smokeless tobacco, and all tobacco products. RESULTS: Nearly half (45.7%) of respondents had used a tobacco product in the past year and one third (32.9%) currently used tobacco. Cigarettes accounted for most of the tobacco use (28.5% current prevalence), but cigar use was also substantial (37.1% lifetime prevalence, 23.0% past-year prevalence, and 8.5% current prevalence) and combinations of the 2 were common. Total tobacco use was higher in men than in women (37. 9% vs 29.7%; P<.001), despite nearly identical current cigarette smoking rates between the sexes (28.5% for women vs 28.4% for men), because of greater use of cigars (current prevalence, 15.7% vs 3.9%; P<.001) and smokeless tobacco (current prevalence, 8.7% vs 0.4%; P<. 001) by men. Tobacco use was significantly higher among white students (P<.001), users of other substances (alcohol and marijuana) (P<.001), and students whose priorities were social rather than educational or athletic (P<.05). Among students who had used both cigars and cigarettes, only 8.9% smoked cigars at an earlier age than they had smoked cigarettes. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that tobacco use is common among college students and is not limited to cigarettes. College appears to be a time when many students are trying a range of tobacco products and are in danger of developing lifelong nicotine dependence. National efforts to monitor and reduce tobacco use of all types should expand to focus on college students and other young adults. JAMA. 2000;284:699-705 Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Plants, Toxic, Prevalence, Smoking/epidemiology, Students/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Tobacco, Smokeless, United States/epidemiology, Universities/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rigotti,N. A., Lee,J. E., Wechsler,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
US health policy related to hookah tobacco smoking	2012		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Am J Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 102 Issue 9 Start Page e47 Other Pages 51 Notes ID: 22827447 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVES: Although US cigarette smoking is decreasing, hookah tobacco smoking (HTS) is an emerging trend associated with substantial toxicant exposure. We assessed how a representative sample of US tobacco control policies may apply to HTS. METHODS: We examined municipal, county, and state legal texts applying to the 100 largest US cities. We developed a summary policy variable that distinguished among cities on the basis of how current tobacco control policies may apply to HTS and used multinomial logistic regression to determine associations between community-level sociodemographic variables and the policy outcome variable. RESULTS: Although 73 of the 100 largest US cities have laws that disallow cigarette smoking in bars, 69 of these cities have exemptions that allow HTS; 4 of the 69 have passed legislation specifically exempting HTS, and 65 may permit HTS via generic tobacco retail establishment exemptions. Cities in which HTS may be exempted had denser populations than cities without clean air legislation. CONCLUSIONS: Although three fourths of the largest US cities disallow cigarette smoking in bars, nearly 90% of these cities may permit HTS via exemptions. Closing this gap in clean air regulation may significantly reduce exposure to HTS. Descriptors Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3482044/?tool=pubmed Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Primack,Brian A., Hopkins,Maggie, Hallett,Cynthia, Carroll,Mary V., Zeller,Mitchell, Dachille,Kathleen, Kim,Kevin H., Fine,Michael J., Donohue,Julie M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
US is to regulate all tobacco products, including e-cigarettes and hookah tobacco	2016	Seattle.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMJ (Clinical research ed.) Periodical, Abbrev. BMJ Pub Date Free Form 6-May Volume 353 Issue Start Page i2594 Other Pages Notes JID: 8900488; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1756-1833; 0959-535X Accession Number PMID: 27154555 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI 10.1136/bmj.i2594 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27154555 Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors McCarthy,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160506 PMCID Editors
US Medical Schoolsâ€™ Awareness of Their Students Who Smoke, Cessation Programs Available, and the Potential Impact on Residency Match	2016		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & Tobacco Research Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tobacco Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume Issue Start Page ntw250 Other Pages Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Oxford University Press Data Source google Authors Chidiac, Joseph E, Mohamed, Ahmed, Krishnamoorthy, Madhumitha, Mahmoud, Karim, Rajasekaranrathnakumar, Geethapriya, Palla, Mohan, Levine, Diane L Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
US news media coverage of tobacco control issues	2006	Department of Journalism and Technical Communication, C223 Clark Building, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. malong@lamar.colostate.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 15 Issue 5 Start Page 367 Other Pages 372 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: AA10377/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States; GR: CA109649/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9209612; OID: NLM: PMC2563650; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 16998170 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 15/5/367 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16998170 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To characterise the relative amount and type of daily newspaper, local and national TV newscast, and national news magazine coverage of tobacco control issues in the United States in 2002 and 2003. DESIGN: Content analysis of daily newspapers, news magazines, and TV newscasts. SUBJECTS: Items about tobacco in daily newspapers, local and national TV newscasts, and three national news magazines in a nationally representative sample of 56 days of news stratified by day of week and season of the year, from 2002 and 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Story theme, tobacco topics, sources, story prominence, story valence (orientation), and story type. RESULTS: Tobacco coverage was modest over the two-year period as estimated in our sample. Only 21 TV stories, 17 news magazine stories, and 335 daily newspaper stories were found during the two-year sampling period. Noteworthy results for the newspaper data set include the following: (1) government topics predominated coverage; (2) government action and negative health effects topics tended not to occur together in stories; (3) tobacco stories were fairly prominently placed in newspapers; (4) opinion news items tended to favour tobacco control policies, while news and feature stories were evenly split between positive and negative stories; and (5) tobacco coverage in the southeast, which is the country's major tobacco producing region, did not differ from the rest of the country. CONCLUSION: Results suggest mixed support in news coverage for tobacco control efforts in the United States. The modest amount of news coverage of tobacco is troubling, particularly because so few news stories were found on TV, which is a more important news source for Americans than newspapers. When tobacco was covered, government themed stories, which often did not include mentions of negative health effects, were typical, suggesting that media coverage does not reinforce the reason for tobacco control efforts. However, some results were encouraging. For example, when newspapers did cover tobacco, they accorded the stories relatively high prominence, thus increasing the chance that readers would see tobacco stories when they were published. Descriptors Humans, Mass Media/statistics & numerical data, Newspapers as Topic, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking Cessation, Television, Tobacco, Tobacco Industry, United States Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Long,M., Slater,M. D., Lysengen,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2563650 Editors
Use & Misuse of Water-filtered Tobacco Smoking Pipes in the World. Consequences for Public Health, Research & Research Ethics	2015	DIU Tabacologie, Universite Paris XI, France.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The open medicinal chemistry journal Periodical, Abbrev. Open Med.Chem.J. Pub Date Free Form 27-Feb Volume 9 Issue Start Page 1 Other Pages 12 Notes LR: 20150412; JID: 101507899; OID: NLM: PMC4384226; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015 [ecollection]; 2014/08/18 [received]; 2014/12/27 [revised]; 2015/01/22 [accepted]; 2015/02/27 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1874-1045 Accession Number PMID: 25861403 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.2174/1874104501509010001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25861403 Abstract BACKGROUND: The traditional definition of an "epidemic" has been revisited by antismoking researchers. After 400 years, Doctors would have realized that one aspect of an ancient cultural daily practice of Asian and African societies was in fact a "global "epidemic"". This needed further investigation particularly if one keeps in his mind the health aspects surrounding barbecues. METHOD: Here, up-to-date biomedical results are dialectically confronted with anthropological findings, hence in real life, in order to highlight the extent of the global confusion: from the new definition of an "epidemic" and "prevalence" to the myth of "nicotine "addiction"" and other themes in relation to water filtered tobacco smoking pipes (WFTSPs). RESULTS: We found that over the last decade, many publications, -particularly reviews, "meta-analyses" and "systematic reviews"- on (WFTSPs), have actually contributed to fuelling the greatest mix-up ever witnessed in biomedical research. One main reason for such a situation has been the absolute lack of critical analysis of the available literature and the uncritical use of citations (one seriously flawed review has been cited up to 200 times). Another main reason has been to take as granted a biased smoking robot designed at the US American of Beirut whose measured yields of toxic chemicals may differ dozens of times from others' based on the same "protocol". We also found that, for more than one decade, two other main methodological problems are: 1) the long-lived unwillingness to distinguish between use and misuse; 2) the consistent unethical rejection of biomedical negative results which, interestingly, are quantitatively and qualitatively much more instructive than the positive ones. CONCLUSION: the great majority of WFTSP toxicity studies have actually measured, voluntarily or not, their misuse aspects, not the use in itself. This is in contradiction with both the harm reduction and public health doctrines. The publication of negative results should be encouraged instead of being stifled. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chaouachi,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150227 PMCID PMC4384226 Editors
Use and abuse of licit and illicit substances: prevalence and risk factors among students in Lebanon	2000	Department of Psychiatry, St. George Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon. egkaram@dm.net.lb	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European addiction research Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.Addict.Res. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 6 Issue 4 Start Page 189 Other Pages 197 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 9502920; 0 (Street Drugs); ppublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1022-6877; 1022-6877 Accession Number PMID: 11124572 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 52045 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11124572 Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study aims at examining the patterns of 'substance' use in Lebanon among an 'at risk' population, the university students. METHOD: A stratified cluster sample of 1,851 students from two major universities was included in the study and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (version 3) was administered. RESULTS: The prevalence of nicotine users in the sample was 18.3% and of ever consuming alcohol 49.4%. 2.1% of the sample were alcohol abusers and 2.4% alcohol dependents according to DSM-III criteria. For the remaining substances, tranquilizers were found to have the highest rate of ever use (10.2%), whereas heroin had the lowest rate (0.4%); the rates of abuse and dependence in these categories (other than alcohol and nicotine) following DSM-III criteria ranged from 0.1 to 0.8%. CONCLUSION: University students in Lebanon in this study have relatively low rates of use and abuse of substances but this might be changing. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology, Alcoholism/epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Lebanon/epidemiology, Male, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Street Drugs, Students/statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Karam,E., Melhem,N., Mansour,C., Maalouf,W., Saliba,S., Chami,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Use and Effectiveness of a Video- and Text-Driven Web-Based Computer-Tailored Intervention: Randomized Controlled Trial	2015	Maastricht University, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht, Netherlands. michel.walthouwer@maastrichtuniversity.nl.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 25-Sep Volume 17 Issue 9 Start Page e222 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160113; NTR/NTR3501; JID: 100959882; OID: NLM: PMC4642388; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/04/02 [received]; 2015/07/08 [accepted]; 2015/06/23 [revised]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 26408488 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.4496 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26408488 Abstract BACKGROUND: Many Web-based computer-tailored interventions are characterized by high dropout rates, which limit their potential impact. OBJECTIVE: This study had 4 aims: (1) examining if the use of a Web-based computer-tailored obesity prevention intervention can be increased by using videos as the delivery format, (2) examining if the delivery of intervention content via participants' preferred delivery format can increase intervention use, (3) examining if intervention effects are moderated by intervention use and matching or mismatching intervention delivery format preference, (4) and identifying which sociodemographic factors and intervention appreciation variables predict intervention use. METHODS: Data were used from a randomized controlled study into the efficacy of a video and text version of a Web-based computer-tailored obesity prevention intervention consisting of a baseline measurement and a 6-month follow-up measurement. The intervention consisted of 6 weekly sessions and could be used for 3 months. ANCOVAs were conducted to assess differences in use between the video and text version and between participants allocated to a matching and mismatching intervention delivery format. Potential moderation by intervention use and matching/mismatching delivery format on self-reported body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and energy intake was examined using regression analyses with interaction terms. Finally, regression analysis was performed to assess determinants of intervention use. RESULTS: In total, 1419 participants completed the baseline questionnaire (follow-up response=71.53%, 1015/1419). Intervention use declined rapidly over time; the first 2 intervention sessions were completed by approximately half of the participants and only 10.9% (104/956) of the study population completed all 6 sessions of the intervention. There were no significant differences in use between the video and text version. Intervention use was significantly higher among participants who were allocated to an intervention condition that matched their preferred intervention delivery format. There were no significant interaction terms for any of the outcome variables; a match and more intervention use did not result in better intervention effects. Participants with a high BMI and participants who felt involved and supported by the intervention were more likely to use the intervention more often. CONCLUSIONS: Video delivery of tailored feedback does not increase the use of Web-based computer-tailored interventions. However, intervention use can potentially be increased by delivering intervention content via participants' preferred intervention delivery format and creating feelings of relatedness. Because more intervention use was not associated with better intervention outcomes, more research is needed to examine the optimum number of intervention sessions in terms of maximizing use and effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Nederlands Trial Register: NTR3501; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=3501 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6b2tsH8Pk). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Walthouwer,M.J., Oenema,A., Lechner,L., de Vries,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150925 PMCID PMC4642388 Editors

E-mail