WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Multiple tobacco product use among US adolescents and young adults	2016	Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.; Norris Cotton Cancer Center,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 25 Issue 2 Start Page 174 Other Pages 180 Notes LR: 20160301; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; GR: CA077026/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 25361744 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051638 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25361744 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent to which multiple tobacco product use among adolescents and young adults falls outside current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory authority. METHODS: We conducted a web-based survey of 1596 16-26-year-olds to assess use of 11 types of tobacco products. We ascertained current (past 30 days) tobacco product use among 927 respondents who ever used tobacco. Combustible tobacco products included cigarettes, cigars (little filtered, cigarillos, premium) and hookah; non-combustible tobacco products included chew, dip, dissolvables, e-cigarettes, snuff and snus. We then fitted an ordinal logistic regression model to assess demographic and behavioural associations with higher levels of current tobacco product use (single, dual and multiple product use). RESULTS: Among 448 current tobacco users, 54% were single product users, 25% dual users and 21% multiple users. The largest single use category was cigarettes (49%), followed by hookah (23%), little filtered cigars (17%) and e-cigarettes (5%). Most dual and multiple product users smoked cigarettes, along with little filtered cigars, hookah and e-cigarettes. Forty-six per cent of current single, 84% of dual and 85% of multiple tobacco product users consumed a tobacco product outside FDA regulatory authority. In multivariable analysis, the adjusted risk of multiple tobacco use was higher for males, first use of a non-combustible tobacco product, high sensation seeking respondents and declined for each additional year of age that tobacco initiation was delayed. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of current adolescent and young adult tobacco users in this study engaged in dual and multiple tobacco product use; the majority of them used products that fall outside current FDA regulatory authority. This study supports FDA deeming of these products and their incorporation into the national media campaign to address youth tobacco use. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Soneji,S., Sargent,J., Tanski,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141031 PMCID PMC4547881 Editors
Nutrition, physical activity and substance use in children and adolescents : Representative results of the federal state module Thuringia in KiGGS wave 1	2016	Abteilung fur Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland. krausel@rki.de.; Referat "Medizinische Grundsatzfragen, Heilberufe, Pharmaziewesen", Thuringer Ministerium fur Arbeit, Sozial	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz Periodical, Abbrev. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 59 Issue 8 Start Page 1005 Other Pages 1016 Notes JID: 101181368; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1437-1588; 1436-9990 Accession Number PMID: 27351434 Language ger SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s00103-016-2386-8 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27351434 Abstract The term health behaviour combines both health-promoting and health-risk components. In this study, the health behaviour of children and adolescents in Thuringia is analysed. The database was a representative subsample of the federal state module Thuringia, which was conducted by the Robert Koch Institute as part of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) wave 1 (2010-2012; n = 4,096; 3-17 years). Health behaviour was described based on nine indicators: fruit and vegetable consumption, soft drink consumption, breakfast at home, physical activity, sport, swimming ability, alcohol consumption, smoking and water pipe consumption (shisha smoking). Prevalence and mean values with 95 % confidence intervals were reported, and based on logistic or linear regression, the significance of the group differences was examined. The results show that 43.4 % of children and adolescents in Thuringia ate fruits and vegetables daily, 44.5 % consumed soft drinks less than once a week, and 67.9 % had breakfast at home every weekday. In addition, 31.0 % of children and adolescents in Thuringia were physically active at least 60 min a day, 69.8 % did sports for at least 2 h a week, and 81.5 % can swim. Additionally, 15.9 % of adolescents in Thuringia had hazardous alcohol consumption, 14.4 % currently smoked, and 20.0 % smoked a water pipe. Differences existed with regard to gender, age, socio-economic status (SES) of the family and residence (urban/rural). In summary, many of the children and adolescents in Thuringia demonstrate relatively positive health behaviour. However, the results also indicate groups at higher risk of unhealthy behaviour, such as children and adolescents from families with low SES. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Krause,L., Anding,C., Kamtsiuris,P., KiGGS Study Group Original/Translated Title Ernahrung, Bewegung und Substanzkonsum von Kindern und Jugendlichen : Reprasentative Ergebnisse des Landesmoduls Thuringen in KiGGS Welle 1 URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Integrating the impact of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco use among adolescents in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a cross-sectional, population-level model of toxicant exposure	2016	Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK.; Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form 27-Jun Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160629; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/10/20 [rece Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 27354679 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI tobaccocontrol-2015-052777 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27354679 Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking is more prevalent than cigarette smoking among adolescents in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR); however, simple prevalence masks complex waterpipe smoking patterns and makes uncertain its contribution to risk of tobacco-related harm. This study aimed to integrate the impact of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco use on toxicant exposure among EMR adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional model made equivalent individual-level toxicant exposure data for cigarettes and waterpipes, and aggregated it to 23 countries in the EMR using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. The waterpipe model adjusted for estimated frequency of use, session duration and sharing behaviours. The final model included 60 306 12-17-year olds, and modelled as outcomes nicotine, carbon monoxide (CO) and 14 carcinogens. Sensitivity analyses substantially reduced session duration and proportion of solo use. RESULTS: Our model suggests waterpipe use may contribute a median of 36.4% (IQR 26.7-46.8%, n=16) of the total toxicant exposure from tobacco, and may reach up to 73.5% and 71.9% of total CO and benzene exposure, respectively. Sensitivity analyses reduced all values by 4.3-21.0%, but even the most conservative scenarios suggested over 50% of benzene and CO exposure was from waterpipe use. Between 69.2% and 73.5% of total toxicant exposure derived from dual cigarette and waterpipe users, who smoked cigarettes and waterpipe more frequently and intensely than single users. CONCLUSIONS: More research is warranted to refine our model's parameters. Tobacco control researchers should consider a move towards a single unit of measure for cigarette and waterpipe tobacco exposure in order to better inform health policy. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jawad,M., Roderick,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160627 PMCID Editors
Water Pipe Smoking Among Young Arabic High School Girls: 218 Board #55 June 1, 9: 30 AM - 11: 00 AM	2016	1Ariel University, Ariel and Washington College of Education, Israel. 2Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Medicine and science in sports and exercise Periodical, Abbrev. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 48 Issue 5 Suppl 1 Start Page 46 Other Pages Notes JID: 8005433; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1530-0315; 0195-9131 Accession Number PMID: 27359473 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1249/01.mss.0000485149.30572.53 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27359473 Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Moran,D.S., Essa,M., Badir,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Periodontal bone height of exclusive narghile smokers compared with exclusive cigarette smokers	2016	Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma BOURGUIBA University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.; Research Laboratory N degrees LR12SP10: Functional and Aesthetic Rehabilitation of Maxillary, Farhat HACHED University Hospital of Sousse, Sousse, Tunis	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Libyan journal of medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Libyan J.Med. Pub Date Free Form 30-Jun Volume 11 Issue Start Page 31689 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160728; JID: 101299403; OID: NLM: PMC4930549; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016 [ecollection]; 2016/03/21 [received]; 2016/05/31 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Sweden ISSN/ISBN 1819-6357; 1819-6357 Accession Number PMID: 27370513 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3402/ljm.v11.31689 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27370513 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare the periodontal bone height (PBH) of exclusive narghile smokers (ENS) with that of exclusive cigarette smokers (ECS). METHODS: Tunisian males aged 20-35 years who have been ENS for more than five narghile-years or ECS for more than five pack-years were recruited to participate in this comparative cross-sectional study. Information about oral health habits and tobacco consumption were gathered using a predetermined questionnaire. Plaque levels were recorded in four sites using the plaque index of Loe and Silness. The PBH was measured mesially and distally from digital panoramic radiographs of each tooth and expressed as a percentage of the root length. A PBH level = 0.70 was applied as a cutoff reference value signifying bone loss. Student t-test and Chi(2) test were used to compare quantitative and qualitative data of both groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the ENS (n=60) and ECS (n=60) groups regarding age and the consumed quantities of tobacco (28 +/- 4 vs. 27 +/- 5 years, 7 +/- 3 narghile-years vs. 8 +/- 3 pack-years, respectively). Compared with the ECS group, the ENS group had a significantly higher plaque index (mean +/- SD values were 1.54 +/- 0.70 vs. 1.84 +/- 0.73, respectively). However, the two groups had similar means of PBH (0.85 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.04) and tooth brushing frequencies (1.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.6 a day, respectively) and had similar bone loss frequencies (15% vs. 12%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Both ENS and ECS exhibited the same PBH reduction, which means that both types of tobacco smoking are associated with periodontal bone loss. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Khemiss,M., Ben Khelifa,M., Ben Rejeb,M., Ben Saad,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160630 PMCID PMC4930549 Editors
Impact of Training High School Female Students in Ahvaz, Iran in the Social Skills Required to Avoid the Use of Drugs	2016	Ph.D. of Health Education, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Associate Professor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sci	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Electronic physician Periodical, Abbrev. Electron.Physician. Pub Date Free Form 25-May Volume 8 Issue 5 Start Page 2346 Other Pages 2354 Notes LR: 20160708; JID: 101645099; OID: NLM: PMC4930253; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/05 [ecollection]; 2015/10/21 [received]; 2016/02/22 [accepted]; 2016/05/25 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication Iran ISSN/ISBN 2008-5842; 2008-5842 Accession Number PMID: 27382443 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.19082/2346 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27382443 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Gender composition and the soaring trends of drug and tobacco dependency reveal the priority of social skills training related to drug avoidance self-efficacy among female students. The aim of this study was to verify the impact training high school female students to have the social skills needed to avoid the use of drugs. METHODS: This study was conducted from September 2012 to May 2013 in two high schools in Ahvaz City in southwest Iran. The participants were divided randomly into two groups of 60 students, one experimental group and one control group using the multi-stage simple sampling method. Two questionnaires, i.e. the ASES and TISS questionnaires, were completed before and after the intervention. Descriptive statistics, chi squared, paired-samples t-test, and the independent-samples t-test were used. RESULTS: The participants had a mean age of 14.93 years. Among the 120 participants, 90.8% indicated that they had never smoked a cigarette, and 51.7% of the participants denied having smoked a hookah. There was no significant relationship between the self-sufficiency means of drug avoidance in the two groups of girls before intervention (p >/= 0.05). However, after intervention, a significant difference was found in test score of self-efficacy of drug avoidance between the two groups, i.e., 94.91 +/- 8.3 for the control group versus 99.16 +/- 3.8 for the experimental group, p 0.05). The mean values of the pre- and post-test scores of social skill before and after intervention increased significantly only for the experimental group (97.60 +/- 19.19 vs. 100.58 +/- 12.37, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Educational intervention can significantly enhance social skills for drug avoidance self-efficacy, so it is recommended that such skills be taught in the high school curriculum. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Alavijeh,F.Z., Raisi,Z., Asadollahi,A., Irani,R.D., Kalhori,S.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160525 PMCID PMC4930253 Editors
Cannabis "bong": A frequent, original and dangerous way of consumption	2016	Service des maladies respiratoires, HIA de Clermont-Tonnerre, rue du Colonel-Fonferrier, 29240 Brest cedex 9, France. Electronic address: nicolas.paleiron@free.fr.; Service des maladies respiratoires, HIA de Clermont-Tonnerre, rue du Colonel-Fonferrier, 2	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Revue de pneumologie clinique Periodical, Abbrev. Rev.Pneumol.Clin. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 72 Issue 3 Start Page 195 Other Pages 199 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 8406312; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/08/18 [received]; 2016/02/26 [accepted]; 2016/04/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication France ISSN/ISBN 0761-8417; 0761-8417 Accession Number PMID: 27113618 Language fre SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.pneumo.2016.02.004 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27113618 Abstract The bong is a water pipe craft, used to smoke tobacco or cannabis. The benefit of consuming cannabis as a "bang" is based on the intensity and speed of the effect. The cannabis intoxication can then be associated with disorders of sensory functions, the type of distortion of perceptions or hallucinations, often accompanied by intense anxiety. Bong cannabis consumption appears to be responsible for specific side effects (especially hemoptysis), possibly related to the importance of inhalation of products of combustion of cannabis and combustion of plastic parts used in its manufacture. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Masson SAS Data Source Authors Paleiron,N., Andre,M., Durand,M., Tromeur,C., Giacardi,C., Grassin,F., Vinsonneau,U. Original/Translated Title Le > de cannabis, un mode de consommation original, frequent et dangereux URL Date of Electronic 20160422 PMCID Editors
Tobacco Product Use Among Adults - United States, 2013-2014	2016		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 15-Jul Volume 65 Issue 27 Start Page 685 Other Pages 691 Notes JID: 7802429; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 27416365 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.15585/mmwr.mm6527a1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27416365 Abstract While significant declines in cigarette smoking have occurred among U.S. adults during the past 5 decades, the use of emerging tobacco products* has increased in recent years (1-3). To estimate tobacco use among U.S. adults aged >/=18 years, CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analyzed data from the 2013-2014 National Adult Tobacco Survey (NATS). During 2013-2014, 21.3% of U.S. adults used a tobacco product every day or some days, and 25.5% of U.S. adults used a tobacco product every day, some days, or rarely. Despite progress in reducing cigarette smoking, during 2013-2014, cigarettes remained the most commonly used tobacco product among adults. Young adults aged 18-24 years reported the highest prevalence of use of emerging tobacco products, including water pipes/hookahs and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Furthermore, racial/ethnic and sociodemographic differences in the use of any tobacco product were observed, with higher use reported among males; non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanics of other races(dagger); persons aged Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hu,S.S., Neff,L., Agaku,I.T., Cox,S., Day,H.R., Holder-Hayes,E., King,B.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160715 PMCID Editors
Early symptoms of nicotine dependence among adolescent waterpipe smokers	2016	Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Aden University, Yemen.; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form 25-Apr Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160429; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United Sta Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 27113610 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI tobaccocontrol-2015-052809 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27113610 Abstract BACKGROUND: Although waterpipe smoking is increasingly popular among youth and can lead to nicotine dependence (ND), no studies have documented how ND develops in waterpipe smokers. We examined the emerging symptoms of ND among adolescent waterpipe smokers in Lebanon. METHODS: Individual confidential interviews were used to evaluate ND in 160 waterpipe smokers and 24 cigarette smokers from a sample of 498 students enrolled in 8th and 9th grades in Lebanon. RESULTS: Among waterpipe smokers, 71.3% endorsed at least one Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) symptom and 38.1% developed the full syndrome of ND (>/=3 criteria using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision). The early symptoms of ND among waterpipe smokers were craving (25%), feeling addicted (22.5%), and failed quit attempts (14.3%). Among those who reached the respective milestones, median tobacco use when the first HONC symptom emerged was 7.5 waterpipes/month with smoking frequency of 6 days/month; the median tobacco use for the full syndrome of ND was 15 waterpipes/month with smoking frequency of 15 days/month. Among those who had already reached these milestones, the first HONC symptom appeared 10.9 months after the initiation of waterpipe smoking, and the full syndrome of ND was reached at 13.9 months. In addition, cues such as seeing or smelling waterpipe, and the cafe environment triggered craving in most waterpipe smokers with symptoms of ND. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of ND develop among adolescent waterpipe smokers at low levels of consumption and frequency of use. Craving for nicotine triggered by waterpipe-specific cues is reported even at this young age. Waterpipe-specific ND prevention and intervention programmes for youth are needed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bahelah,R., DiFranza,J.R., Fouad,F.M., Ward,K.D., Eissenberg,T., Maziak,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160425 PMCID Editors
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) transcriptome analysis in response to infection by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides using an oligonucleotide-DNA microarray	2016	Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.; Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-ch	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Plant Research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Plant Res. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 129 Issue 4 Start Page 711 Other Pages 726 Notes JID: 9887853; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/03/24 [received]; 2016/02/14 [accepted]; 2016/05/02 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Japan ISSN/ISBN 1618-0860; 0918-9440 Accession Number PMID: 27138000 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s10265-016-0828-x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27138000 Abstract Cassava anthracnose disease (CAD), caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. Manihotis, is a serious disease of cassava (Manihot esculenta) worldwide. In this study, we established a cassava oligonucleotide-DNA microarray representing 59,079 probes corresponding to approximately 30,000 genes based on original expressed sequence tags and RNA-seq information from cassava, and applied it to investigate the molecular mechanisms of resistance to fungal infection using two cassava cultivars, Huay Bong 60 (HB60, resistant to CAD) and Hanatee (HN, sensitive to CAD). Based on quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR and expression profiling by the microarray, we showed that the expressions of various plant defense-related genes, such as pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, cell wall-related genes, detoxification enzyme, genes related to the response to bacterium, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), genes related to salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways were higher in HB60 compared with HN. Our results indicated that the induction of PR genes in HB60 by fungal infection and the higher expressions of defense response-related genes in HB60 compared with HN are likely responsible for the fungal resistance in HB60. We also showed that the use of our cassava oligo microarray could improve our understanding of cassava molecular mechanisms related to environmental responses and development, and advance the molecular breeding of useful cassava plants. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Utsumi,Y., Tanaka,M., Kurotani,A., Yoshida,T., Mochida,K., Matsui,A., Ishitani,M., Sraphet,S., Whankaew,S., Asvarak,T., Narangajavana,J., Triwitayakorn,K., Sakurai,T., Seki,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160502 PMCID Editors

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