WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking prevalence, consumption, initiation, and cessation between 2001 and 2008 in the Netherlands. Findings from a national population survey	2012	STIVORO Dutch Expert Centre on Tobacco Control, PO Box 16070, 2500 BB, The Hague, the Netherlands. gnagelhout@stivoro.nl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 18-May Volume 12 Issue Start Page 303 Other Pages 2458-12-303 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3356226; 2012/02/03 [received]; 2012/04/26 [accepted]; 2012/05/18 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 22537139 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-12-303 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22537139 Abstract BACKGROUND: Widening of socioeconomic status (SES) inequalities in smoking prevalence has occurred in several Western countries from the mid 1970's onwards. However, little is known about a widening of SES inequalities in smoking consumption, initiation and cessation. METHODS: Repeated cross-sectional population surveys from 2001 to 2008 (n approximately 18,000 per year) were used to examine changes in smoking prevalence, smoking consumption (number of cigarettes per day), initiation ratios (ratio of ever smokers to all respondents), and quit ratios (ratio of former smokers to ever smokers) in the Netherlands. Education level and income level were used as indicators of SES and results were reported separately for men and women. RESULTS: Lower educated respondents were significantly more likely to be smokers, smoked more cigarettes per day, had higher initiation ratios, and had lower quit ratios than higher educated respondents. Income inequalities were smaller than educational inequalities and were not all significant, but were in the same direction as educational inequalities. Among women, educational inequalities widened significantly between 2001 and 2008 for smoking prevalence, smoking initiation, and smoking cessation. Among low educated women, smoking prevalence remained stable between 2001 and 2008 because both the initiation and quit ratio increased significantly. Among moderate and high educated women, smoking prevalence decreased significantly because initiation ratios remained constant, while quit ratios increased significantly. Among men, educational inequalities widened significantly between 2001 and 2008 for smoking consumption only. CONCLUSIONS: While inequalities in smoking prevalence were stable among Dutch men, they increased among women, due to widening inequalities in both smoking cessation and initiation. Both components should be addressed in equity-oriented tobacco control policies. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nagelhout,G.E., de Korte-de Boer,D., Kunst,A.E., van der Meer,R.M., de Vries,H., van Gelder,B.M., Willemsen,M.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120518 PMCID PMC3356226 Editors
Trends in species distribution and susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of Candida collected in Monterrey, Mexico, to seven antifungal agents: results of a 3-year (2004 to 2007) surveillance study	2008	Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey, NL, Mexico. gmglez@yahoo.com.mx	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 46 Issue 9 Start Page 2902 Other Pages 2905 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 7505564; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (ER 30346); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Thiazoles); 0 (Triazoles); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); 6TK1G07BHZ (posaconazole); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); F0XDI6ZL63 (cas Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-660X; 0095-1137 Accession Number PMID: 18632907 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1128/JCM.00937-08 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18632907 Abstract During a 3-year surveillance program (2004 to 2007) in Monterrey, Mexico, 398 isolates of Candida spp. were collected from five hospitals. We established the species distribution and in vitro susceptibilities of these isolates. The species included 127 Candida albicans strains, 151 C. parapsilosis strains, 59 C. tropicalis strains, 32 C. glabrata strains, 11 C. krusei strains, 5 C. guilliermondii strains, 4 C. famata strains, 2 C. utilis strains, 2 C. zeylanoides strains, 2 C. rugosa strains, 2 C. lusitaniae strains, and 1 C. boidinii strain. The species distribution differed with the age of the patients. The proportion of candidemias caused by C. parapsilosis was higher among infants 45 years old). MICs were calculated following the criteria of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute reference broth macrodilution method. Overall, C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis isolates were susceptible to fluconazole and amphotericin B. However, 31.3% of C. glabrata isolates were resistant to fluconazole (MIC >or= 64 microg/ml), 43.3% were resistant to itraconazole (MIC >or= 1 microg/ml), and 12.5% displayed resistance to amphotericin B (MIC >or= 2 microg/ml). Newer triazoles, namely, voriconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole, had a notable in vitro activity against all Candida species tested. Also, caspofungin was active against Candida sp. isolates (MIC(90) <or= 0.5 microg/ml) except C. parapsilosis (MIC(90) = 2 microg/ml). It is imperative to promote a national-level surveillance program to monitor this important microorganism. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amphotericin B/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Candida/drug effects, Candida albicans/drug effects, Candida glabrata/drug effects, Candida tropicalis/drug effects, Candidiasis/drug therapy/microbiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Echinocandins/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Female, Fluconazole/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Itraconazole/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Male, Mexico, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Pyrimidines/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Thiazoles/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Triazoles/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Voriconazole, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gonzalez,G. M., Elizondo,M., Ayala,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080716 PMCID PMC2546732 Editors
Trends in use of little cigars or cigarillos and cigarettes among U.S. smokers, 2002-2011	2015	Cancer Prevention and Control Division, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California La Jolla, CA; kmesser@ucsd.edu.; Cancer Prevention and Control Division, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California La Jolla, CA;; Cancer Prevention and C	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 17 Issue 5 Start Page 515 Other Pages 523 Notes LR: 20160501; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: 1R01CA172058-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA172058/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Flavoring Agents); OID: NLM: PMC4402355; 2013/12/17 [received]; 2014/08/22 [accepted]; 2014/09/19 [ahe Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25239955 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu179 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25239955 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Little cigars and cigarillos may resemble cigarettes, but may be less expensive and can be purchased singly and in flavored varieties. We used two major U.S. surveys to investigate use of cigarillos and cigarettes. METHODS: The 2010/2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey ascertained cigar use by brand and type (little cigars/cigarillos or large/regular). The annual National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) assessed cigar use by brand, 2002-2011. We used the available data to classify cigars by type among males in the NSDUH. RESULTS: Estimated prevalence of little cigar use among male cigar smokers was similar using the two surveys. From 2002 to 2011, past-30-day cigarette smoking declined for all age groups and genders, but among young adult men (aged 18-25) little cigar smoking remained steady at nearly 9%. "Cigarette and/or cigar" smoking was 44% among young adult men in 2011, and was consistently 6 percentage points higher than cigarette-only smoking, from 2002 to 2011. Over 60% of male and 70% of female adolescent/young adult cigar smokers also smoked cigarettes in 2011. Most male adolescents preferred little cigars to traditional cigars. Among males, most lower income or less educated cigar smokers preferred little cigars, compared to only 16% of those with higher education. CONCLUSIONS: These patterns indicate that little cigar/cigarillo use may promote initiation and maintenance of cigarette smoking, particularly among younger and less advantaged populations. Population-level data are urgently needed to better assess type of cigar smoked and reasons for use. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Messer,K., White,M.M., Strong,D.R., Wang,B., Shi,Y., Conway,K.P., Pierce,J.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140919 PMCID PMC4402355 Editors
Triboelectric sensor for self-powered tracking of object motion inside tubing	2014	School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full ACS nano Periodical, Abbrev. ACS Nano Pub Date Free Form 22-Apr Volume 8 Issue 4 Start Page 3843 Other Pages 3850 Notes JID: 101313589; 2014/03/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1936-086X; 1936-0851 Accession Number PMID: 24601547 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. DOI 10.1021/nn500695q [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24601547 Abstract We report a self-powered, single-electrode-based triboelectric sensor (SE-TES) array for detecting object motion inside of a plastic tube. This innovative, cost-effective, simple-designed SE-TES consists of thin-film-based ring-shaped Cu electrodes and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tube. On the basis of the coupling effect between triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, the sensor generates electric output signals in response to mechanical motion of an object (such as a ball) passing through the electrodes. An array of Cu electrodes linearly aligned along the tube enables the detection of location and speed of the moving steel ball inside. The signal-to-noise ratio of this fabricated device reached 5.3 x 10(3). Furthermore, we demonstrated real-time monitoring and mapping of the motion characteristics of the steel ball inside the tube by using a seven-unit array of electrode channels arranged along the tube. Triggered by the output current signal, LED bulbs were utilized as real-time indicators of the position of a rolling ball. In addition, the SE-TES also shows the capability of detecting blockage in a water pipe. This work demonstrates potentially widespread applications of the triboelectric sensor in a self-powered tracking system, blockage detection, flow control, and logistics monitoring. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Su,Y., Zhu,G., Yang,W., Yang,J., Chen,J., Jing,Q., Wu,Z., Jiang,Y., Wang,Z.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140306 PMCID Editors
Tribromopyrrole, brominated acids, and other disinfection byproducts produced by disinfection of drinking water rich in bromide	2003	National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. richardson.susan@epa.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental science & technology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 1-Sep Volume 37 Issue 17 Start Page 3782 Other Pages 3793 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 0213155; 0 (Bromides); 0 (Chlorine Compounds); 0 (Oxides); 0 (Pyrroles); 8061YMS4RM (chlorine dioxide); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0013-936X; 0013-936X Accession Number PMID: 12967096 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12967096 Abstract Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), we investigated the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from high bromide waters (2 mg/L) treated with chlorine or chlorine dioxide used in combination with chlorine and chloramines. This study represents the first comprehensive investigation of DBPs formed by chlorine dioxide under high bromide conditions. Drinking water from full-scale treatment plants in Israel was studied, along with source water (Sea of Galilee) treated under carefully controlled laboratory conditions. Select DBPs (trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, aldehydes, chlorite, chlorate, and bromate) were quantified. Many of the DBPs identified have not been previously reported, and several of the identifications were confirmed through the analysis of authentic standards. Elevated bromide levels in the source water caused a significant shift in speciation to bromine-containing DBPs; bromoform and dibromoacetic acid were the dominant DBPs observed, with very few chlorine-containing compounds found. Iodo-trihalomethanes were also identified, as well as a number of new brominated carboxylic acids and 2,3,5-tribromopyrrole, which represents the first time a halogenated pyrrole has been reported as a DBP. Most of the bromine-containing DBPs were formed during pre-chlorination at the initial reservoir, and were not formed by chlorine dioxide itself. An exception wasthe iodo-THMs, which appeared to be formed by a combination of chlorine dioxide with chloramines or chlorine (either added deliberately or as an impurity in the chlorine dioxide). A separate laboratory study was also conducted to quantitatively determine the contribution of fulvic acids and humic acids (from isolated natural organic matter in the Sea of Galilee) as precursor material to several of the DBPs identified. Results showed that fulvic acid plays a greater role in the formation of THMs, haloacetic acids, and aldehydes, but 2,3,5-tribromopyrrole was produced primarily from humic acid. Because this was the first time a halopyrrole has been identified as a DBP, 2,3,5-tribromopyrrole was tested for mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. In comparison to other DBPs, 2,3,5-tribromopyrrole was 8x, 4.5x, and 16x more cytotoxic than dibromoacetic acid, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2-[5H]-furanone [MX], and potassium bromate, respectively. 2,3,5-Tribromopyrrole also induced acute genomic damage, with a genotoxic potency (299 microM) similar to that of MX. Descriptors Bromides/analysis/chemistry, Chlorine Compounds/chemistry, Disinfection, Environmental Monitoring, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Oxides/chemistry, Pyrroles/chemistry, Risk Assessment, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Richardson,S. D., Thruston,A. D.,Jr, Rav-Acha,C., Groisman,L., Popilevsky,I., Juraev,O., Glezer,V., McKague,A. B., Plewa,M. J., Wagner,E. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Trichloroacetic acid cycling in Sitka spruce saplings and effects on sapling health following long term exposure	2004	Heal, M.R., School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental Pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Pollut. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 130 Issue 2 Start Page 165 Other Pages 176 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0269-7491 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Trichloroacetic acid (TCA, CCl3COOH) has been associated with forest damage but the source of TCA to trees is poorly characterised. To investigate the routes and effects of TCA uptake in conifers, 120 Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) saplings were exposed to control, 10 or 100 Î¼g l-1 solutions of TCA applied twice weekly to foliage only or soil only over two consecutive 5-month growing seasons. At the end of each growing season similar elevated TCA concentrations (approximate range 200-300 ng g-1 dwt) were detected in both foliage and soil-dosed saplings exposed to 100 Î¼g l-1 TCA solutions showing that TCA uptake can occur from both exposure routes. Higher TCA concentrations in branchwood of foliage-dosed saplings suggest that atmospheric TCA in solution is taken up indirectly into conifer needles via branch and stemwood. TCA concentrations in needles declined slowly by only 25-30% over 6 months of winter without dosing. No effect of TCA exposure on sapling growth was measured during the experiment. However at the end of the first growing season needles of saplings exposed to 10 or 100 Î¼g l-1 foliage-applied TCA showed significantly more visible damage, higher activities of some detoxifying enzymes, lower protein contents and poorer water control than needles of saplings dosed with the same TCA concentrations to the soil. At the end of each growing season the combined TCA storage in needles, stemwood, branchwood and soil of each sapling was <6% of TCA applied. Even with an estimated half-life of tens of days for within-sapling elimination of TCA during the growing season, this indicates that TCA is eliminated rapidly before uptake or accumulates in another compartment. Although TCA stored in sapling needles accounted for only a small proportion of TCA stored in the sapling/soil system it appears to significantly affect some measures of sapling health. Â© 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Descriptors trichloroacetic acid, water, air pollution indicator, article, bioaccumulation, concentration process, concentration response, conifer, correlation analysis, detoxification, enzyme activity, foliage, half life time, long term exposure, phytochemistry, plant damage, plant growth, pollution, seasonal variation, sitka spruce, soil analysis, statistical significance, water analysis, winter Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Dickey,C. A., Heal,K. V., Stidson,R. T., Koren,R., SchrÃ¶der,P., Cape,J. N., Heal,M. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tripling use of electronic cigarettes among New Zealand adolescents between 2012 and 2014	2015	Research and Evaluation, Health Promotion Agency, Wellington, New Zealand. Electronic address: j.white@hpa.org.nz.; Research and Evaluation, Health Promotion Agency, Wellington, New Zealand.; Research and Evaluation, Health Promotion Agency, Wellington, N	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. J.Adolesc.Health Pub Date Free Form May Volume 56 Issue 5 Start Page 522 Other Pages 528 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 9102136; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/14 [received]; 2015/01/28 [revised]; 2015/01/28 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1879-1972; 1054-139X Accession Number PMID: 25907651 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.01.022 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25907651 Abstract PURPOSE: Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among adults has flourished in recent years. However, little is known about their use among adolescents. This article reports on data collected from a New Zealand national youth tobacco use survey in 2012 and 2014. METHODS: The Youth Insights Survey is a biennial self-complete survey of Year 10 students (predominately aged 14-15 years), with a sample size of 3,127 in 2012 and 2,919 in 2014. Ever-use of e-cigarettes was self-reported by participants in both years, and in 2014, e-cigarette ever-users also reported their reasons for first trying e-cigarettes. RESULTS: The rate of e-cigarette ever-use tripled from 7.0% in 2012 to 20.0% in 2014. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, smoking status (including susceptibility), and other factors associated with tobacco smoking uptake, e-cigarette ever-use was associated with gender, smoking status, close friends' smoking behavior, and risky substance use. Among smokers, desire for a cigarette, quit intention, or past-year quit attempts did not predict e-cigarette ever-use. Irrespective of smoking status, curiosity was the most commonly cited reason for trying e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: In 2014, one in five 14- to 15-year-olds had used e-cigarettes. Our data suggest that for adolescent smokers, cessation was not the main reason for trying e-cigarettes. Instead, most adolescents (smokers and nonsmokers) tried e-cigarettes out of curiosity. Our findings signal a need to continue monitoring the uptake of e-cigarettes among adolescents, including both experimental and long-term use. Controlling access and exposure to e-cigarettes among this young age group is also required. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors White,J., Li,J., Newcombe,R., Walton,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tris{4-[(2H-tetra-zol-5-yl)meth-yl]morpholinium} dodeca-tungstophosphate hexa-hydrate	2011		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 5-Feb Volume 67 Issue Pt 3 Start Page m301 Other Pages 2 Notes LR: 20111209; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC3052096; 2010/12/01 [received]; 2011/01/29 [accepted]; 2011/02/05 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 21522240 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536811003734 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21522240 Abstract The title heteropolyoxidotungstate-based inorganic-organic hybrid material, (C(6)H(12)N(5)O)(3)[W(12)(PO(4))O(36)].6H(2)O, consists of one alpha-Keggin-type [W(12)(PO(4))O(36)](3-) polyoxidometalate anion (POM), three crystallographically independent 4-[(2H-tetra-zol-5-yl)meth-yl]morpholinium cations and six water mol-ecules of crystallization. The morpholine ring of the cation adopts a chair conformation. The anion shows characteristic features with respect to bond lengths and angles. An extensive network of N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO, N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN, O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen-bonding inter-actions between the organic cations, inorganic anion and the crystal water mol-ecules lead to a three-dimensional structure. Moreover, six uncoordinated water mol-ecules increase the number of hydrogen bonds in the network and lead to the formation of (H(2)O)(infinity) clusters. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Feizyzadeh,B., Mirzaei,M., Eshtiagh-Hosseini,H., Gholizadeh,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110205 PMCID PMC3052096 Editors
Trough versus funnel collectors for measuring throughfall volumes	1991	Inst. of Terrestrial Ecology, Bangor Res. Unit, UCNW, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental quality Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Qual. Pub Date Free Form 1991/ Volume 20 Issue 3 Start Page 518 Other Pages 521 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0047-2425 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Throughfall was collected, at fortnightly intervals, for 1 yr beneath mature stands of Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] and Japanese larch [Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr.] using arrays of troughs and funnels. There was no statistically significant difference between the annual total amounts of throughfall collelcted by the troughs and the funnels. Analysis of the fortnightly data revealed a small bias toward a lower catch by the troughs, although for any given fortnight, quite large differences might occur. Discussion of the results in relation to a recent paper by Kostelnik et al. concludes that there is insufficient evidence on which to reject funnels in favor of troughs for throughfall studies. Descriptors rain, measurement, review, tree Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Reynolds,B., Neal,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tsetse ecology in a Liberian rain-forest focus of Gambian sleeping sickness.	1987	Kaminsky, R., Institut fÃ¼r Pflanzenbau and Tierhygiene in den Tropen und Subtropen, UniversitÃ¤t GÃ¶ttingen.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Medical and veterinary entomology Periodical, Abbrev. Med.Vet.Entomol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 1 Issue 3 Start Page 257 Other Pages 264 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0269-283X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Investigations on tsetse ecology were undertaken in Bong County of Liberia during the dry season, October 1981 to February 1982, around villages where the human infection rate with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Dutton was about 2%. Most tsetse captured in biconical traps were Glossina palpalis Robineau-Desvoidy and G. pallicera Bigot, with relatively few G. fusca Walker and G. nigrofusca Newstead. Swamps and water-gathering places were predominant habitats of all four species, but tsetse were also found in coffee and cocoa plantations. Breeding-places of G. palpalis were found in the leaf axils of oilpalm trees (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin), especially beside paths where people would risk being bitten. Bloodmeals of twenty-nine wild-caught G. palpalis were identified as mostly from man (fifteen) and bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus (Pallas] or other wild ruminants (eleven), plus three from reptiles. It is concluded that man may be the principal host of tsetse in the area, while man or bushbuck could be the main reservoir to T.b. gambiense infection. Most of the activity of G. palpalis occurs in the early afternoon from noon to 16.00 hours. Mean life-span of G. palpalis and G. pallicera, estimated from wing-fray age-groups, was consistent with the females, and to a lesser degree the males, having vector potential. Descriptors rain, African trypanosomiasis, animal, article, disease carrier, disease transmission, female, Liberia, male, physiology, tropic climate, Trypanosoma, Glossinidae Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kaminsky,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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