WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Tobacco use in 3 billion individuals from 16 countries: an analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional household surveys	2012	Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214-8028, USA. ggiovino@buff alo.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Lancet (London, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Lancet Pub Date Free Form 18-Aug Volume 380 Issue 9842 Start Page 668 Other Pages 679 Notes LR: 20150708; CI: Copyright (c) 2012; GR: G0701732/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; GR: MC_U137686857/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 2985213R; CIN: Lancet. 2012 Dec 1;380(9857):1906; author reply 1906-7. PMID: 23200498; CIN: Lancet. Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1474-547X; 0140-6736 Accession Number PMID: 22901888 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; AIM; IM DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61085-X [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22901888 Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite the high global burden of diseases caused by tobacco, valid and comparable prevalence data for patterns of adult tobacco use and factors influencing use are absent for many low-income and middle-income countries. We assess these patterns through analysis of data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). METHODS: Between Oct 1, 2008, and March 15, 2010, GATS used nationally representative household surveys with comparable methods to obtain relevant information from individuals aged 15 years or older in 14 low-income and middle-income countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, and Vietnam). We compared weighted point estimates and 95% CIs of tobacco use between these 14 countries and with data from the 2008 UK General Lifestyle Survey and the 2006-07 US Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. All these surveys had cross-sectional study designs. FINDINGS: In countries participating in GATS, 48.6% (95% CI 47.6-49.6) of men and 11.3% (10.7-12.0) of women were tobacco users. 40.7% of men (ranging from 21.6% in Brazil to 60.2% in Russia) and 5.0% of women (0.5% in Egypt to 24.4% in Poland) in GATS countries smoked a tobacco product. Manufactured cigarettes were favoured by most smokers (82%) overall, but smokeless tobacco and bidis were commonly used in India and Bangladesh. For individuals who had ever smoked daily, women aged 55-64 years at the time of the survey began smoking at an older age than did equivalently aged men in most GATS countries. However, those individuals who had ever smoked daily and were aged 25-34-years when surveyed started to do so at much the same age in both sexes. Quit ratios were very low ( Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Giovino,G.A., Mirza,S.A., Samet,J.M., Gupta,P.C., Jarvis,M.J., Bhala,N., Peto,R., Zatonski,W., Hsia,J., Morton,J., Palipudi,K.M., Asma,S., GATS Collaborative Group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco use in older adults in Ghana: sociodemographic characteristics, health risks and subjective wellbeing	2013	Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Room 46, P, O, Box 4236, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana. aeyawson@yahoo.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 20-Oct Volume 13 Issue Start Page 979 Other Pages 2458-13-979 Notes GR: OGHA 04034785/PHS HHS/United States; GR: R01 AG034479-64401A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States; GR: Y1-AG-1005-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States; GR: YA1323-08-CN-0020/CN/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3924352; 2013/08/14 [received] Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 24138966 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-979 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24138966 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco use over the life-course threatens to increase disease burden in older adulthood, including lower income countries like Ghana. This paper describes demographic, socioeconomic, health risks and life satisfaction indices related to tobacco use among older adults in Ghana. METHODS: This work was based on the World Health Organization's multi-country Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), conducted in six countries including Ghana. Wave one of SAGE in Ghana was conducted in 2007-2008 as collaboration between WHO and the University of Ghana Medical School through the Department of Community Health. A nationally representative sample of 4305 older adults aged 50 years and above were interviewed. Associations between tobacco consumption and sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health risk and life satisfaction were evaluated using chi-square and odds ratio (OR). Logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex and other variables, were conducted to determine predictors of tobacco consumption in older persons. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of current daily smokers among older adults in Ghana was 7.6%. Tobacco use (i.e. ever used tobacco) was associated with older males, (AOR = 1.10, CI 1.05-1.15), older adults residing in rural locations (AOR = 1.37, CI 1.083-1.724), and older adults who used alcohol (AOR = 1.13, CI 0.230-2.418). Tobacco use was also associated (although not statistically significant per p-values) with increased self-reporting of angina, arthritis, asthma, chronic lung disease, depression, diabetes, hypertension, and stroke. Older adults who used tobacco and with increased health risks, tended to be without health insurance (AOR = 1.41, CI 1.111-1.787). Satisfaction with life and daily living was much lower for those who use tobacco. Regional differences existed in tobacco use; the three northern regions (Upper East, Northern and Upper West) had higher proportions of tobacco use among older adults in the country. Quitting tobacco use was higher in the 70+ years age group, in women, among urban residents and in those with at least secondary education. Quitting tobacco use also increased with increasing income levels. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco use among older adults in Ghana was associated with older men living in rural locations, chronic ill-health and reduced life satisfaction. A high proportion of older adults have stopped using tobacco, demonstrating the possibilities for effective public health interventions. Health risk reduction strategies through targeted anti-smoking health campaigns, improvement in access to health and social protection (such as health insurance) will reduce health risks among older persons who use tobacco. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yawson,A.E., Baddoo,A., Hagan-Seneadza,N.A., Calys-Tagoe,B., Hewlett,S., Dako-Gyeke,P., Mensah,G., Minicuci,N., Naidoo,N., Chatterji,S., Kowal,P., Biritwum,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131020 PMCID PMC3924352 Editors
Tobacco use in Tunisia: Behaviour and awareness	2002	Fakhfakh, R., Inst. Natl. de Sante Publique, Le Diplomat, 1002 Le BelvedÃ¨re, Tunis, Tunisia	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of the World Health Organization Periodical, Abbrev. Bull.WHO Pub Date Free Form 2002/ Volume 80 Issue 5 Start Page 350 Other Pages 356 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0042-9686 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objective: To assess tobacco use and the awareness of and attitudes towards tobacco and its control in the adult population of Tunisia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1996 of a representative national sample of 5696 subjects aged 25 and over. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire in Arabic. Findings: Tobacco use was reported by 30.4% of the respondents, of whom 24.6% smoked cigarettes and 5.8% consumed traditional tobacco, i.e. snuff, chewing tobacco and/or water pipe tobacco. Whereas 55.6% of men used tobacco, only 5.2% of women did so. Among men the proportion of tobacco users diminished with age as the rate of cessation increased. Among women, smoking peaked in the 35-54 age group. The proportion of men consuming traditional tobacco alone increased from 2.4% in the 25-34 age group to 20.4% in the 55+ age group; the corresponding values for women were 0.1% and 14.3%. Tobacco use was more widespread in rural than in urban areas and was relatively high among poorly educated men from economically deprived backgrounds. The use of tobacco was believed to be harmful to health by 98.6% of the respondents. Over 90% of the interviewees were aware that tobacco played a part in the development of heart disease. However, there were some gaps in awareness. A fear of cancer was expressed by 85% of the respondents, whereas only 5.6% were fearful of accidents. Conclusions: Informational and educational campaigns relating to tobacco control should be directed at individuals and communities, taking into account the gaps in awareness of the effects of tobacco on health. Descriptors adult, aged, article, attitude, awareness, smoking, control system, education, female, health behavior, high risk population, human, major clinical study, male, sampling, sex ratio, smokeless tobacco, tobacco, Tunisia Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Fakhfakh,R., Hsairi,M., Maalej,M., Achour,N., Nacef,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco Use Trends among Mississippi Youth following the 1997 Settlement of Mississippi's Medicaid Lawsuit and Subsequent Tobacco Prevention Initiatives	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association Periodical, Abbrev. J.Miss.State Med.Assoc. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 56 Issue 11 Start Page 328 Other Pages 333 Notes JID: 7505622; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0026-6396; 0026-6396 Accession Number PMID: 26863821 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26863821 Abstract BACKGROUND: Mississippi has implemented several programs and policies to reduce youth tobacco. This study examines trends in youth tobacco use and compares current prevalence rates for cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, and e-cigarettes. DESIGN/METHODS: The Youth Tobacco Survey is a self-administered survey of a multi-stage sample of public high school students. RESULTS: Cigarette and cigar smoking decreased from 1998 to 2014. However, current use of smokeless tobacco did not change and e-cigarette use has increased. Currently, there are no significant differences in the prevalence of cigarette, cigar, smokeless tobacco, or electronic cigarette use. CONCLUSION: The state has successfully decreased cigarette and cigar smoking. However, smokeless tobacco use has not changed and e-cigarettes are becoming increasingly popular. Currently, Mississippi youth are at equal risk for cigarette, cigar, smokeless tobacco, or electronic cigarette use. Tobacco prevention efforts, clinician counseling, and policies should address each of these products rather than focus primarily on cigarettes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors McClelland,E., Valentine,N., McMillen,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco Use, Quitting Behavior, and Health Characteristics Among Current Electronic Cigarette Users in a National Tri-Ethnic Adult Stable Smoker Sample	2015	Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA; kpulvers@csusm.edu.; Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA;; Department of Preven	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 17 Issue 9 Start Page 1085 Other Pages 1095 Notes LR: 20151103; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: 1P60MD003422/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA077598/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC4627485 [Available on 09/01/16]; PMCR: 2016/09/01 00:00; 2014/05/13 [received]; 2014/11/03 [a Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25385875 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu241 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25385875 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The present study characterizes the tobacco use, quitting behaviors, and health characteristics of cigarette smokers who did not change their smoking pattern over the past 6 months and have used electronic cigarettes (ECs) in the past 30 days. This is an important subpopulation to characterize if EC dual use with cigarettes continues to grow. METHODS: Participants (N = 2,376) from a research survey panel completed an online cross-sectional survey between June and August 2012. Sampling was stratified to recruit equal numbers of cigarette smoking participants by race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, and Caucasian) and smoking frequency (nondaily and daily). All displayed a stable rate of smoking for the past 6 months and were not currently in treatment. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine correlates of current EC use (any use within the past 30 days). RESULTS: Current EC use was reported by 9.2% (n = 219) of the total sample. Of current EC users, 44% reported having used ECs as a quit method. Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that current EC use was significantly associated with greater nicotine dependence, concurrent poly-tobacco use, more past-year quit attempts, past use of multiple cessation methods, and more depressive symptoms. No demographic variables were significantly associated with current EC use. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that stable smokers who currently use ECs possess characteristics that are associated with difficulty in achieving smoking cessation. These characteristics should be considered when examining the effectiveness of ECs on cessation and in designing future cessation trials using ECs. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Pulvers,K., Hayes,R.B., Scheuermann,T.S., Romero,D.R., Emami,A.S., Resnicow,K., Olendzki,E., Person,S.D., Ahluwalia,J.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141110 PMCID PMC4627485 Editors
Tobacco use, smoking quit rates, and socioeconomic patterning among men and women: a cross-sectional survey in rural Andhra Pradesh, India	2014	Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA djcorsi@hsph.harvard.edu.; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; McMaster Univers	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of preventive cardiology Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Prev.Cardiol. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 21 Issue 10 Start Page 1308 Other Pages 1318 Notes CI: (c) The European Society of Cardiology 2013; JID: 101564430; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/05/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2047-4881; 2047-4873 Accession Number PMID: 23723329 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1177/2047487313491356 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23723329 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is common in India and a majority of users are in rural areas. We examine tobacco use and smoking quit rates along gender and socioeconomic dimensions in rural Andhra Pradesh. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data come from a cross-sectional survey. Markers of socioeconomic status (SES) were education, occupation, and income. Regression analyses were undertaken to examine determinants of current smoking, smoking quit rates, tobacco use by type (cigarettes, bidis, and chewing), and quantity consumed (number per day, pack-years). RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of current smoking and tobacco chewing was higher in men (50.3%, 95% confidence interval, CI, 48.1-52.6 and 5.0%, 95% CI 4.1-5.9, respectively) compared with women (4.8%, 95% CI 3.9-5.7 and 1.0%, 95% CI 0.6-1.4, respectively) and higher among older age groups. The quit rate was higher in women (45.5%, 95% CI 38.7-52.2) compared to men (18.8%, 95% CI 16.7-20.9). Illiterate individuals were more likely to be current smokers of any type compared to those with secondary/higher education (odds ratio, OR, 3.25, 95% CI 2.54-4.16), although cigarette smoking was higher in men of high SES. Smoking quit rates were positively associated with SES (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.76-3.71) for secondary/higher education vs. illiterates. Level of consumption increased with SES and those with secondary/higher education smoked an additional 1.93 (95% CI 1.08-2.77) cigarettes or bidis per day and had an additional 1.87 (95% CI 0.57-3.17) pack-years vs. illiterates. CONCLUSIONS: The social gradients in cigarette smoking and level of consumption contrasted those for indigenous forms of tobacco (bidi smoking and chewing). International prevention and cessation initiatives designed at modifying Western-style cigarette usage will need to be tailored to the social context of rural Andhra Pradesh to effectively influence the use of cigarettes and equally harmful indigenous forms of tobacco. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav Data Source Authors Corsi,D.J., Subramanian,S.V., Lear,S.A., Teo,K.K., Boyle,M.H., Raju,P.K., Joshi,R., Neal,B., Chow,C.K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130530 PMCID Editors
Tobacco-specific nitrosamine exposures in smokers and nonsmokers exposed to cigarette or waterpipe tobacco smoke	2013	Department of Public Health, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. gnasr@theunion.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 15 Issue 1 Start Page 130 Other Pages 138 Notes LR: 20150225; JID: 9815751; 0 (4-((methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)but-1-yl)beta-omega-glucosiduronic acid); 0 (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butan-1-ol); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Glucuronates); 0 (Nitrosamines); 0 (Pyridines); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollut Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 22573723 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/nts099 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22573723 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The causal relationship between tobacco smoking and a variety of cancers is attributable to the carcinogens that smokers inhale, including tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). We aimed to assess the exposure to TSNAs in waterpipe smokers (WPS), cigarette smokers (CS), and nonsmoking females exposed to tobacco smoke. METHODS: We measured 2 metabolites, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronides (NNAl-Gluc) in the urine of males who were either current CS or WPS, and their wives exposed to either cigarette or waterpipe smoke in a sample of 46 subjects from rural Egypt. RESULTS: Of the 24 current male smokers, 54.2% were exclusive CS and 45.8% were exclusive WPS. Among wives, 59.1% reported exposure to cigarette smoke and 40.9% to waterpipe smoke. The geometric mean of urinary NNAL was 0.19 +/- 0.60 pmol/ml urine (range 0.005-2.58) in the total sample. Significantly higher levels of NNAL were observed among male smokers of either cigarettes or waterpipe (0.89 +/- 0.53 pmol/ml, range 0.78-2.58 in CS and 0.21-1.71 in WPS) compared with nonsmoking wives (0.04 +/- 0.18 pmol/ml, range 0.01-0.60 in CS wives, 0.05-0.23 in WPS wives, p = .000). Among males, CS had significantly higher levels of NNAL compared with WPS (1.22 vs. 0.62; p = .007). However, no significant difference was detected in NNAL levels between wives exposed to cigarette smoke or waterpipe smoke. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smokers levels of NNAL were higher than WPS levels in males. Exposure to tobacco smoke was evident in wives of both CS and WPS. Among WPS, NNAL tended to increase with increasing numbers of hagars smoked/day. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Radwan,G., Hecht,S.S., Carmella,S.G., Loffredo,C.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120509 PMCID PMC3524061 Editors
Tobacco: Its historical, cultural, oral, and periodontal health association	2013		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Int Soc Prev Community Dent Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 3 Issue 1 Start Page 12 Other Pages 8 Notes ID: 24478974 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract This article provides information on the origin of tobacco and its subsequent spread throughout the world. In the era of the migration of communities, tobacco use gradually gained access and subsequently migrated along with the migrants, establishing in different locations. Probably at that time people were unaware of the health hazards and were using tobacco in treating certain ailments. Much has been known and written about tobacco in the context of oral and general health hazards but little has been explored and is known to many about where from and how this plant, which is now used in various forms, and speading widely. In what form, where, and how it had been served in religious rituals and considered for treatment or remedy of certain ailments in those days could not certainly be known. In the 21(st) century, people are considering hazardous tobacco as beneficial for their teeth, good for concentration of mind, and something which keeps them engaged. Even many professionals, though knowing the deleterious effects, are still using tobacco and gutkha in one or the other form. This article has been designed to revive the awareness for health hazards of tobacco and similar products. A pilot project questionnaire survey comprising this subject involving the educated mass has already been started and will be produced after analysis of data in part II of this paper. Descriptors Links Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Mishra,Shanu, Mishra,M B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Toking, Vaping, and Eating for Health or Fun: Marijuana Use Patterns in Adults, U.S., 2014	2016		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Am J Prev Med Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Volume 50 Issue 1 Start Page 1 Other Pages 8 Notes ID: 26277652 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract INTRODUCTION: Policies legalizing marijuana for medical and recreational use have been increasing in the U.S. Considering the potential impact of these policies, important knowledge gaps exist, including information about the prevalence of various modes of marijuana use (e.g., smoked in joints, bowls, bongs; consumed in edibles or drinks) and about medical versus recreational use. Accordingly, this study assessed (1) prevalence and correlates of modes of current and ever marijuana use and (2) prevalence of medicinal and recreational marijuana use in U.S. adults. METHODS: Data came from Summer Styles (n=4,269), a nationally representative consumer panel survey of adults aged â‰¥18 years, collected in 2014. The survey asked about past 30-day (current) and ever mode of marijuana use and current reason for use (medicinal, recreational, both). Weighted prevalence estimates were computed and correlates were assessed in 2014 using logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, 7.2% of respondents reported current marijuana use; 34.5% reported ever use. Among current users, 10.5% reported medicinal-only use, 53.4% reported recreational-only use, and 36.1% reported both. Use of bowl or pipe (49.5%) and joint (49.2%) predominated among current marijuana users, with lesser use of bong, water pipe, or hookah (21.7%); blunts (20.3%); edibles/drinks (16.1%); and vaporizers (7.6%); 92.1% of the sample reported combusted-only marijuana use. CONCLUSION: Combusted modes of marijuana use are most prevalent among U.S. adults, with a majority using marijuana for recreation. In light of changing policies and patterns of use, improved marijuana surveillance is critical for public health planning. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.05.027 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Schauer,Gillian L., King,Brian A., Bunnell,Rebecca E., Promoff,Gabbi, McAfee,Timothy A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tools of monitor corrosion of cement-containing water mains	2004	Slaats, P.G.G., Kiwa Water Research, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, Netherlands	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Generic Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci. Technol. Pub Date Free Form 2004/ Volume 49 Issue 2 Start Page 33 Other Pages 39 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Approximately 40,000 km of the drinking water network in The Netherlands consists of asbestos cement water pipes. The number of fractures in these pipes has increased greatly in recent years. This is due to corrosion of the asbestos cement (AC) which affects the condition of the pipe. Every time a fracture occurs, the question is raised of whether the pipe in question has to be replaced or repaired. A relatively simple destructive technique and non-destructive tests are used on a large scale to assess the condition of the AC pipes in use. Not only is corrosion detrimental to the pipes themselves, it also influences the water quality. Corrosion of the inner walls of cement-containing pipes involves the leaching of hydroxides. This causes pH changes resulting in scaling in water mains and domestic installations. Monitoring techniques have been developed to determine the effects of leaching on water quality. The large-scale use of the relatively simple techniques at water companies increases insight into the condition of the drinking water network, the life expectancy of the pipes and the effects of corrosion on the water quality. Applying these techniques enables those involved to make decisions on pipe replacement and to provide solutions for reducing the effects of leaching. Descriptors asbestos, cement, drinking water, hydroxide, conference paper, corrosion, decision making, leaching, Netherlands, pH, pipeline, process monitoring, procedures, water contamination, water management, water quality Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Slaats,P. G. G., Mesman,G. A. M., Rosenthal,L. P. M., Brink,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

E-mail