WTS database

Title	Pub Year	SearchLink
Smoking habits among medical students in Central Saudi Arabia	2006	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Saudi Med J Periodical, Abbrev. Saudi Med.J. Pub Date Free Form Volume 27 Issue 5 Start Page 700 Other Pages 3 Notes ID: 16680263 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of smoking habits among male medical students at the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: We carried out this cross-sectional study using Arabic questionnaires distributed to the medical students in the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA at different educational levels from September 13 to September 25, 2005. A total of 322 medical students completed the questionnaires (response rate 80.5%). RESULTS: The study shows that 13% of male medical students were currently active smokers, 5.3% were ex-smokers, and 38.2% were passive smokers. The types of smoking included sheesha 44.1%, cigarette 32.2%, and both 23.7%. The common reason given for the smoking behavior was the influence of friends (35.6%). The study shows that 57.1% of current smokers were motivated to stop smoking. CONCLUSION: There is an urgent need to promote multi-disciplinary health education activities at different age groups in order to prevent young age students from smoking, and to help smokers to quit. Descriptors Smoking/epidemiology, Students, Medical, Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Education, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Saudi Arabia, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation, Questionnaires Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-16680263 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Al-Turki,Yousef Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparative study of the effect of cigarette and hubble bubble goza smoking on some essential glucoregulatory hormones	1993	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tanta Medical Journal Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 21 Issue 1 Start Page 103 Other Pages 113 Notes ID: 35382 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract To compare the effects of Hubble-Bubble Goza] smoking with those of cigarette smoking on insulin, growth hormone and catecholamines secretion, 10 healthy male smokers were studied. Each subject worked as control for himself. After an overnight fast each subject was insucted to smoke 2 non-filtered cigarettes Cleopatra Super, Eastern Company, Egypt], over 10 minutes in one day and in an another day an equivalent amount tobacco as Meassel 7.1 g of the commercialy available Goza Tobacco] using Goza over the same 10 minutes period. Blood samles were assayed for plasma glucose, insulin, growth hormone, adrenaline and noradernaline in the fasting state and 10, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after the end of smoking by the glucose oxidase method for glucose, radioimmunoassay for insulin and growth hormone, and flourometry for catecholamines. The results of the present study showed significant elevation of plasma glucose after both types of smoking, with peak glucose response occurring earlier after Goza smoking. Plasma insulin showed no significant changes after both smoking types. Growth hormone levels were significantly and progressively elevated in both types of smoking. A significant elevation of adrenaline at 10 and 30 minutes and a significant elevation of noradrenaline at 10 minutes after both types of smoking were also observed. The results showed that Hubble-Bubble Goza] smoking produces the same effect on the parameters studied as those of cigarette smoking although the response is a little bit attenuated Descriptors Humans, Male, Comparative Study, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Catecholamines, Growth Hormone, Insulin Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-35382 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Amara,Fahmy Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Harm perception, attitudes and predictors of waterpipe (shisha) smoking among secondary school adolescents in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia	2010	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian Pac J Cancer Prev Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 11 Issue 2 Start Page 293 Other Pages 301 Notes ID: 20843104 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and social determinants of waterpipe (WP) smoking among secondary school students in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia and to assess their health related knowledge and attitudes toward WP. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,652 Saudi secondary school students of both genders aged between 15-19 years selected by multistage sampling method. A self-administered anonymous Arabic version of Global Youth Tobacco Survey modified with items dedicated to WP smoking and to assess perception of health related hazards and attitudes towards WP was employed for data collection. RESULTS: Prevalence of current smokers 'all forms' was 30.3% among males (C.I= 27.5- 33.2%) and 8.5% in females (C.I= 6.6-10.9%). WP was used by 53.9% of the current tobacco users, significantly higher among older age students. Of the regular WP smokers, 20.7% smoked WP on daily basis, 23.8% weekly, 64.2% stated using flavored " Muassel " tobacco. Primary motives for WP smoking were outings with friends, company, boredom and wasting time. Of the total, 49.7% of students stated that WP smoking is less harmful than cigarettes, 60.5% believed that harmful substances were purified through water filtration, with non-addictive properties in 67.8%. Knowledge about health hazards of WP smoking was low, irrespective of student's smoking status. WP smoking is more socially acceptable than cigarettes (52.1%), represents a good opportunity for gathering of friends and family (33.8%), and smoking of WP can relieve stress and tensions (37.8%). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that socializing motives, cigarette smoking, smoking among close family and friends, male gender and increasing age were positive predictors for WP smoking. CONCLUSION: Social acceptability, poor knowledge of WP health related hazards and certain socio demographics are favoring the increasing current trend of WP use among adolescents in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Descriptors Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking/psychology, Students/psychology, Students/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Adolescent, Adult, Attitude, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Saudi Arabia/epidemiology, Schools, Social Environment, Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control, Young Adult Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-20843104 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Amin,Tarek Tawfik, Amr,Mostafa Abdel Monem, Zaza,Burhan Omar, Suleman,Wassem Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Risk factors for chronic bronchitis among women in Shahrekord, Iran	2002	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tanaffos Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 1 Issue 3 Start Page 19 Other Pages 23 Notes ID: 69343 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Chronic bronchitis is expected to be less prevalent among Iranian women, since smoking is uncommon among them, however, recent reports disagreed this claim. Traditional baking and cooking with biomass fuel wood fuel being the most commonly used] is still common in our villages and small towns. These seem to be contributive factors for high prevalence rate of chronic bronchitis among women. We conducted a case-control study to identify the possible risk of indoor smoke and biomass combustion. We compared 100 chronic bronchitis cases with 100 age-matched controls. The odds ratio OR] was used as the basic statistic to evaluate risk. Chronic bronchitis was associated with cigarette smoking OR=6.10; p=0.009], water-pipe smoking OR=4.41; p=0.014], household baking OR=4.90; p=0.002], using wood for baking OR=3.04; p=0.000], using wood for space heating OR=2.36; p=0.009], using wood for cooking OR=7.17; p= 0.000], and using kerosene fuel for cooking OR= 4.63; p=0.000]. Results have revealed that among women in Chahar- Mahal- Bakhtiari, wood and other biomass fuels used for cooking, baking and heating are associated with chronic bronchitis. Changing to safer alternative fuels for cooking and heating would ameliorate the impacts of chronic bronchitis Descriptors Humans, Female, ABO Blood-Group System - 45 YEARS, Absorption - 64 YEARS, OVER 64 YEARS, Bronchitis/epidemiology, Risk Factors, Chronic Disease, Bronchitis/etiology, Women Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-69343 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Amra,Babak, Gholshan,Mohammad, Shirian,Rasool Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Shisha smoking--an imminent health hazard	2007	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Pak Med Assoc Periodical, Abbrev. J.Pak.Med.Assoc. Pub Date Free Form Volume 57 Issue 9 Start Page 430 Other Pages 1 Notes ID: 18072634 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Health Promotion, Public Health, Smoking/adverse effects, Social Marketing, Hazardous Substances, Humans, Pakistan Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-18072634 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Anjum,Quasia, Ahmed,Farah, Ashfaq,Tabinda Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The effect of cigarette or sheesha smoking on first-trimester markers of Down syndrome	2007	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BJOG Periodical, Abbrev. BJOG Pub Date Free Form Volume 114 Issue 11 Start Page 1397 Other Pages 401 Notes ID: 17803717 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of cigarette or sheesha smoking on first-trimester markers of Down syndrome. DESIGN: A prospective observational study. SETTING: Primary care centres and antenatal clinics of Maternity and Children Hospital, King Abdulaziz University Hospital and New Jeddah Clinic Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. POPULATION: Women with a singleton pregnancy who were either nonsmokers (n = 1736) or cigarette smokers (n = 420) or sheesha smokers (n = 181). METHODS: Fetal nuchal translucency thickness (fetal NT), maternal serum free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (free beta-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) were measured at 11 weeks 0 days to 13 weeks 6 days of gestation in all women. Women were grouped according to smoking status, confirmed by maternal serum cotinine measurements, and analyte levels between groups were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fetal NT, maternal serum free beta-hCG, PAPP-A and cotinine measurements. RESULTS: Compared with nonsmoking women, fetal NT was significantly increased and free beta-hCG and PAPP-A levels were significantly decreased in both cigarette and sheesha smokers. There were significant relationships between all three markers and the number of sheeshas consumed per day. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette and sheesha smoking significantly affect first-trimester markers of Down syndrome (fetal NT, free beta-hCG and PAPP-A). Correction for this effect in women who smoke might improve the effectiveness of first-trimester screening for Down syndrome in these women. The underlying mechanism(s) relating smoking to the changes in first-trimester markers require further studies. Descriptors Down Syndrome/etiology, Smoking/adverse effects, Adult, Biological Markers/metabolism, Birth Weight, Chorionic Gonadotropin/metabolism, Cotinine/metabolism, Crown-Rump Length, Down Syndrome/diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A/metabolism, Prospective Studies, Saudi Arabia, Sex Distribution, Smoking/blood Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-17803717 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Ardawi,M. S. M., Nasrat,H. A., Rouzi,A. A., Qari,M. H., Al-Qahtani,M., Abuzenadah,A. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Ethyl 1-(2-bromo-propano-yl)-4-hydr-oxy-2,6-diphenyl-1,2,5,6-tetra-hydro-pyridine-3-car boxylate	2009	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 27-Jun Volume 65 Issue Pt 7 Start Page o1708 Other Pages 9 Notes LR: 20130329; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC2969390; 2009/06/16 [received]; 2009/06/22 [accepted]; 2009/06/27 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 21582960 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536809023836 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21582960 Abstract The title compound, C(23)H(24)BrNO(4), crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules per asymmetric unit. The methyl group of the ethoxy-carbonyl unit is disordered over two positions, with occupancies of 0.715 (12) and 0.285 (12) in one of the independent mol-ecules, and 0.529 (11) and 0.471 (11) in the other mol-ecule. In one of the independent mol-ecules, the tetra-hydro-pyridine ring adopts a half-chair conformation, while in the other it is in a distorted envelope conformation. In each independent mol-ecule, an intra-molecular O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. The two independent mol-ecules are linked via C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds, forming a chain along the c axis. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Aridoss,G., Gayathri,D., Velmurugan,D., Kim,M. S., Jeong,Y. T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090627 PMCID PMC2969390 Editors
Are primary health care providers prepared to implement an anti-smoking program in Syria?	2011	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Patient Educ Couns Periodical, Abbrev. Patient Educ.Couns. Pub Date Free Form Volume 85 Issue 2 Start Page 201 Other Pages 5 Notes ID: 21168300 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To document primary health care (PHC) providers' tobacco use, and how this influences their smoking cessation practices and attitudes towards tobacco-control policies. METHODS: Anonymous questionnaires were distributed to PHC providers in 7 randomly selected PHC centers in Aleppo, Syria. RESULTS: All PHC providers completed the questionnaires (100% response rate). A quarter of these providers smoke cigarettes and more than 10% smoke waterpipes. Physicians who smoke were less likely to advise patients to quit (OR=0.29; 95% CI, 0.09-0.95), assess their motivation to quit (OR=0.13, 95% CI=0.02-0.72), or assist them in quitting (OR=0.24, 95% CI=0.06-0.99). PHC providers who smoke were less likely to support a ban on smoking in PHC settings (68.2% vs. 89.1%) and in enclosed public places (68.2% vs. 86.1%) or increases in the price of tobacco products (43.2% vs. 77.4%) (P<0.01 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking, including waterpipe, continues to be widespread among PHC providers in Syria and will negatively influence implementation of anti-smoking program in PHC settings. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Smoking awareness and cessation interventions targeted to PHC providers, and training programs to build providers' competency in addressing their patients' smoking is crucial in Syria. Descriptors Attitude of Health Personnel, Nurses/psychology, Physicians/psychology, Primary Health Care, Smoking Cessation, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking/psychology, Adult, Chi-Square Distribution, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Prevalence, Smoking/epidemiology, Questionnaires, Syria/epidemiology Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074023/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2010.11.011 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Asfar,Taghrid, Al-Ali,Radwan, Ward,Kenneth D., Vander Weg,Mark,W., Maziak,Wasim Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparison of patterns of use, beliefs, and attitudes related to waterpipe between beginning and established smokers	2005	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 5 Issue Start Page 19 Other Pages 19 Notes ID: 15733316 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: To compare patterns of use, beliefs, and attitudes related to waterpipe smoking between university students (beginning smokers) and cafe customers (established smokers) in Aleppo Syria, in order to explore the evolution of this smoking method. METHODS: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted among representative samples of university students (total 587, 48.4% men, mean age 22 years), and waterpipe users among cafe' customers (total 268, 60% men, mean age 30 years) in Aleppo, Syria. We used interviewer-administered questionnaire inquiring about pattern of waterpipe smoking (initiation, frequency), situational characteristics of use (partner, place, sharing), beliefs related to waterpipe smoking (harmful/addictive properties of waterpipe), attitudes related to waterpipe smoking (confidence in quitting, will to quit, motivation for quitting, past year quit attempt), and cigarette smoking. RESULTS: Daily and regular patterns of smoking become more prevalent with increased duration of smoking, but intermittent smoking remains the predominant pattern of waterpipe use. Women seem to be drawn later to the habit, which seem to escape the usual taboo against women's cigarette smoking. Patterns and context of waterpipe use tend to change with progress of the practice affecting frequency, setting, and sharing of waterpipe. Unlike beginners, established waterpipe smokers seem more smoking-method oriented, more hooked on the habit, less willing to quit, and less likely to foresee challenges to quitting. CONCLUSION: Use patterns and attitudes related to waterpipe smoking evolve to accommodate the change in dependence and life circumstances of the smoker. Most of use features, beliefs, attitudes, as well as time-course seem unique to this smoking method requiring novel approach to intervention. Descriptors Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Restaurants, Smoking/psychology, Social Perception, Students/psychology, Universities, Activities of Daily Living/psychology, Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking/epidemiology, Questionnaires, Syria/epidemiology, Time Factors, Water Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC553967/?tool=pubmed Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Asfar,Taghrid, Ward,Kenneth D., Eissenberg,Thomas, Maziak,Wasim Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Saliva cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide levels in natural environment waterpipe smokers	2007	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Inhal Toxicol Periodical, Abbrev. Inhal.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 19 Issue 9 Start Page 771 Other Pages 7 Notes ID: 17613086 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the variations in exhaled CO and saliva cotinine in natural environment waterpipe smokers and compare them with cigarette smokers and absolute nonsmokers. Three groups were included in the study: nonsmokers (n = 20), waterpipe smokers (n = 15), and cigarette smokers (n = 20). A questionnaire was completed for each participant, exhaled CO was measured before and after waterpipe or cigarette smoking, and saliva cotinine was measured immediately after. We excluded from our study mixed smokers of both waterpipe and cigarettes. Mean values of saliva cotinine in waterpipe and cigarette smokers were very close: 77.8 ng/ml (SD = 110.4) and 87.1 (SD = 82.7) respectively. The weight and height of the persons as well as the size of the waterpipe bottle affected saliva cotinine. However, in waterpipe smokers, CO increased by 300% after 1 h of smoking, while in cigarette smokers, it only increased by 60%. In nonsmokers, exhaled CO was similar to environmental CO (10.2 ppm). The results of our study confirm that waterpipe device water does not filter nicotine and that the smoker him- or herself, by the frequency and the depth of inhalation, controls smoke inhalation. Like cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers are exposed to harmful substances, such as CO, which was found to be quite high. The levels of expired CO and salivary cotinine could be good tools to detect exposure to waterpipe smoking. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/metabolism, Cotinine/metabolism, Saliva/chemistry, Smoking/adverse effects, Adult, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Cotinine/analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Tobacco, Water Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-17613086 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Bacha,Zeina Aoun, Salameh,Pascale, Waked,Mirna Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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