Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink Sort descending |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Prevalence, Attitudes, and Correlates of Waterpipe Smoking Among High School Students in Iran: a Cross-Sectional Study | 2016 | Department of Health Sciences, Unit for Public Health Science, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden. Reza.Ziaei@miun.se.; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Unit for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Reza.Mo | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Behav.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
3-Mar
Volume
Issue
Start Page
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160305; JID: 9421097; OTO: NOTNLM; aheadofprint
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1532-7558; 1070-5503
Accession Number
PMID: 26940816
Language
ENG
SubFile
JOURNAL ARTICLE
DOI
10.1007/s12529-016-9555-x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26940816
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to determine the correlates of waterpipe (WP) smoking among 15-17-year-old high school students in Iran. METHOD: Data were collected using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a self-administrated questionnaire distributed to a representative sample of high school students aged 15-17 in the city of Tabriz. Current WP smoking was defined as past 30-day use, and ever WP smoking was defined as at least one or two lifetime puffs. Differences in WP use, knowledge, and attitudes were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Binary logistic regression estimated the association between relevant independent variables (e.g., age) and the dependent variables (current/ever WP smoking). RESULTS: Of 1517 students, 21.6 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 19.5, 23.8) were ever WP smokers, and 9.7 % (95 % CI = 8.2, 11.2) were current WP smokers. Of current WP smokers, 40.3 % have stated that they want to stop smoking now. Moreover, 14.1 % of non-WP smokers reported that they might enjoy smoking WP. Of current WP smokers, 49.0 % have smoked at cafes. Additionally, 95.3 % of current WP smokers reported that their age did not prevent them from being served a WP. Studying in high school third grade (adjusted odds ratios (AORs) = 1.70; 95 % CI [1.10, 2.63]), experience of cigarette smoking (AORs = 1.57; 95 % CI [1.12, 2.20]), and being prepared to accept a WP offered by close friends (AORs = 3.31; 95 % CI [2.17, 5.04]) were independently associated with ever WP smoking, and accepting a WP offered by close friends (AORs = 4.36; 95 % CI [2.69, 7.07]) and gender (female) (AORs = 0.45; 95 % CI [0.30, 0.70] were independently associated with current WP smoking. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of current and ever WP smoking is high in Tabriz. There is an urgent need to design interventions in order to increase students' and their parents' awareness regarding the harmfulness of WP, and to establish legal measures to restrict adolescents' access to WPs and tobacco in society.
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Data Source
Authors
Ziaei,R., Mohammadi,R., Dastgiri,S., Viitasara,E., Rahimi,V.A., Jeddi,A., Soares,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160303
PMCID
Editors
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| Better view on attitudes and perceived parental reactions behind waterpipe smoking among Iranian students | 2015 | Tobacco Control Unit, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Isfaha | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Res.Med.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
20
Issue
11
Start Page
1032
Other Pages
1038
Notes
LR: 20160307; JID: 101235599; OID: NLM: PMC4755088; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
India
ISSN/ISBN
1735-1995; 1735-1995
Accession Number
PMID: 26941805
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.4103/1735-1995.172812 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26941805
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Because of the increasing usage of waterpipe globally, we need to know more about the different factors related to waterpipe and cigarette smoking. Therefore, the present study aims at gaining more insight on waterpipe and cigarette smoking based on perceived parental reaction and appeal and repellent of smoking among adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey entitled "Isfahan Tobacco Use Prevention Program" (ITUPP) was conducted among 5,500 adolescents in Isfahan Province, Iran in 2010 using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. Demographic factors, cigarette and waterpipe smoking status, appeal and repellent of smoking, perceived parental reactions, and the main reasons behind the increase in waterpipe smoking were measured. Chi-square, univariate logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression were used. For all analyses, we defined statistical significance a priori with a two-tailed alpha of 0.05. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15. RESULTS: 50% of the sample was female and 89% lived in urban areas. The average age of the respondents was 14.37 +/- 1. 70 years. While a majority of cigarette smokers (70.9%) were waterpipe smokers, only 35.7% of waterpipe smokers smoked cigarettes. The incidence of smoking was high in those who expected less extensive parental reaction with odds ratio (OR) = 1.89 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.35-2.63] (P
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Data Source
Authors
Roohafza,H., Kasaei,Z., Heidari,K., Omidi,R., Alinia,T., Naji,M., Jaberifar,M., Sadeghi,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4755088
Editors
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| Efficacy of chlorine dioxide disinfection to non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli and non-tuberculous mycobacteria in a hospital water system | 2016 | Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.; Infection Control Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, Far E | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Journal of hospital infection
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Hosp.Infect.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
93
Issue
1
Start Page
22
Other Pages
28
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 8007166; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/06/19 [received]; 2016/01/04 [accepted]; 2016/01/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1532-2939; 0195-6701
Accession Number
PMID: 26944904
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.jhin.2016.01.005 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26944904
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chlorinated tap water in hospitals often contains low levels of non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Measures are needed to ensure a safe water supply in hospitals to prevent nosocomial infections from these waterborne pathogens. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of ClO2 treatment of a hospital water system on the levels of NFGNB and NTM in the water. METHODS: Our institution is a 1000-bed medical centre with two main buildings (B1 and B2). B1 has three intensive care units (ICUs) and transplant wards and polyethylene water pipes. B2 (control) has no ICUs and galvanized water pipes. A ClO2 generating unit was installed in the water system of B1 in April 2012 and water samples were collected in B1 and B2 before and eight times after installation. All samples were cultured for NFGNB and NTM. FINDINGS: The ClO2 concentration was significantly lower in the hot water than in the cold water (P
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Publisher
The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Hsu,M.S., Wu,M.Y., Huang,Y.T., Liao,C.H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160125
PMCID
Editors
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| The health of Saudi youths: current challenges and future opportunities | 2016 | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Ave, Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA. mmoradi@uw.edu.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Ave, Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 9812 | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC family practice
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Fam.Pract.
Pub Date Free Form
5-Mar
Volume
17
Issue
Start Page
26
Other Pages
016-0425-z
Notes
LR: 20160309; JID: 100967792; OID: NLM: PMC4779578; 2015/07/29 [received]; 2016/02/29 [accepted]; 2016/03/05 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1471-2296; 1471-2296
Accession Number
PMID: 26946327
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1186/s12875-016-0425-z [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26946327
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The health status of the young people is an important indicator for future health and health care needs of the next generation. In order to understand the health risk factors of Saudi youth, we analyzed data from a large national survey in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The Saudi Health Information Survey sample included 2382 youths aged 15 to 24 years old. The questionnaire included information on socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors, risky behaviors, chronic conditions, functional status, health care utilization, and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. RESULTS: Only 45.9% of men and 48.4% of women had normal body mass index (BMI). Men were more likely than women to smoke cigarettes or shisha. The prevalence of daily consumption of at least five servings of fruits and vegetables was 6.6%. The prevalence of no or insufficient physical activity was 41.8% in men and 75.6% in women (P
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Authors
Moradi-Lakeh,M., El Bcheraoui,C., Tuffaha,M., Daoud,F., Al Saeedi,M., Basulaiman,M., Memish,Z.A., Al Mazroa,M.A., Al Rabeeah,A.A., Mokdad,A.H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160305
PMCID
PMC4779578
Editors
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| Tobacco smokers and electronic cigarettes users among Polish universities students | 2016 | Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska Street 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.; Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical Uni | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny
Periodical, Abbrev.
Rocz.Panstw.Zakl.Hig.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
67
Issue
1
Start Page
75
Other Pages
80
Notes
JID: 0414756; ppublish
Place of Publication
Poland
ISSN/ISBN
0035-7715; 0035-7715
Accession Number
PMID: 26953585
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26953585
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are small battery-powered electronic devices, heating the liquid to produce vapour--in most cases the latter contains nicotine and several flavourings. E-cigarettes are highly advertised across the media, mainly as healthy substitute to conventional cigarettes, aid in quitting smoking addiction or way of circumventing ban on smoking in public places. OBJECTIVE: The aim of study was obtaining epidemiological data on cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette usage among Polish universities students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Students of different Polish state universities were asked to fill a self-prepared survey on cigarette-smoking and electronic cigarette usage. 1068 fulfilled questionnaires were gathered. The population was divided into two subgroups--medical universities' students (n=545) and non-medical universities students (n=523). RESULTS: 23.78% of respondents declared current smoking while 57.0% admitted ever smoking. The mean duration of smoking among current smokers was 4.17+/-2.53 years. 56.30% of current smokers tried quitting at least once. 31.46% of students declared ever using e-cigarettes (37.28% (n=195) among non-medical universities' students and 25.87% (n=141) among medical universities' students and 8.33% current usage. Among the latter 52.81% admitted simultaneous smoking. 26.97% of current e-cigarettes' users declared having experienced side effects of e-cigarettes. 42.70% (n=456) of respondents viewed e-cigarettes as safer than conventional cigarettes, this group comprises of 40.54% (n=212) non-medical and 44.77% (n=244) medical universities' students. 85.39% (n=912) of students viewed e-cigarettes as generally unhealthy, there were 83.56% (n=437) non-medical and 87.16% (n=475) medical universities' students among this group. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of e-cigarettes usage resembles current status in many Western countries. Collected data shows high frequency of e-cigarettes usage and conventional cigarettes smoking among students (also medical universities' students). The situation requires intensive preventive measures to limit and reduce the popularity of tobacco products along with modern equivalents like electronic cigarettes.
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Zarobkiewicz,M.K., Wawryk-Gawda,E., Wozniakowski,M.M., Slawinski,M.A., Jodlowska-Jedrych,B.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Effect of low-intensity continuous training on lung function and cardiorespiratory fitness in both cigarette and hookah smokers | 2015 | Laboratory of Pharmacology, Sfax Medicine Faculty SMF, University of Sfax, Tunisia; Bizerte Sciences Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Carthage. Tunisia; Research Unit (EM2S), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Universit | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
African health sciences
Periodical, Abbrev.
Afr.Health.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
15
Issue
4
Start Page
1170
Other Pages
1181
Notes
LR: 20160311; JID: 101149451; OID: NLM: PMC4765424; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
Uganda
ISSN/ISBN
1729-0503; 1680-6905
Accession Number
PMID: 26958018
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.4314/ahs.v15i4.16 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26958018
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The decline in cardiorespiratory fitness and lung function was higher in smokers. Training method could mitigate some of the negative consequences of smoking among smokers unable or unwilling to quit. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of continuous training on lungs functional capability and cardiorespiratory fitness in smokers. METHODS: Fifteen cigarette smokers, 14 hookah smokers, and 14 nonsmokers were assigned to low-intensity continuous training (20-30 minutes of running at 40% of maximum oxygen uptake (O2max)). Lung function and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters were determined using respectively spirometer and treadmill maximal exercise test. RESULTS: Continuous training improved forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC (FEF50 %) in all participants, smokers and nonsmokers (p
Descriptors
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Authors
Koubaa,A., Triki,M., Trabelsi,H., Masmoudi,L., Zeghal,K.N., Sahnoun,Z., Hakim,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4765424
Editors
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| Successful Control of Ebola Virus Disease: Analysis of Service Based Data from Rural Sierra Leone | 2016 | Manson Unit, Medecins Sans Frontieres, London, United Kingdom.; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.; Manson Unit, Medecins Sans Frontieres, Lond | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
PLoS neglected tropical diseases
Periodical, Abbrev.
PLoS Negl Trop.Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
9-Mar
Volume
10
Issue
3
Start Page
e0004498
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160324; JID: 101291488; OID: NLM: PMC4784943; 2016/03 [ecollection]; 2015/10/07 [received]; 2016/02/08 [accepted]; 2016/03/09 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1935-2735; 1935-2727
Accession Number
PMID: 26959413
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004498 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26959413
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The scale and geographical distribution of the current outbreak in West Africa raised doubts as to the effectiveness of established methods of control. Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) was first detected in Sierra Leone in May 2014 in Kailahun district. Despite high case numbers elsewhere in the country, transmission was eliminated in the district by December 2014. We describe interventions underpinning successful EVD control in Kailahun and implications for EVD control in other areas. METHODS: Internal service data and published reports from response agencies were analysed to describe the structure and type of response activities, EVD case numbers and epidemic characteristics. This included daily national situation reports and District-level data and reports of the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, and Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) patient data and internal epidemiological reports. We used EVD case definitions provided by the World Health Organisation over the course of the outbreak. Characteristics assessed included level of response activities and epidemiological features such as reported exposure (funeral-related or not), time interval between onset of illness and admission to the EVD Management Centre (EMC), work-related exposures (health worker or not) and mortality. We compared these characteristics between two time periods--June to July (the early period of response), and August to December (when coverage and quality of response had improved). A stochastic model was used to predict case numbers per generation with different numbers of beds and a varying percentage of community cases detected. RESULTS: There were 652 probable/confirmed EVD cases from June-December 2014 in Kailahun. An EMC providing patient care opened in June. By August 2014 an integrated detection, treatment, and prevention strategy was in place across the district catchment zone. From June-July to August-December 2014 surveillance and contact tracing staff increased from 1.0 to 8.8 per confirmed EVD case, EMC capacity increased from 32 to 100 beds, the number of burial teams doubled, and health promotion activities increased in coverage. These improvements in response were associated with the following changes between the same periods: the proportion of confirmed/probable cases admitted to the EMC increased from 35% to 83% (chi(2) p-value
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Authors
Lokuge,K., Caleo,G., Greig,J., Duncombe,J., McWilliam,N., Squire,J., Lamin,M., Veltus,E., Wolz,A., Kobinger,G., de la Vega,M.A., Gbabai,O., Nabieu,S., Lamin,M., Kremer,R., Danis,K., Banks,E., Glass,K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160309
PMCID
PMC4784943
Editors
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| Perception of young adults toward hookah use in Mumbai | 2015 | Department of Research Studies, Cancer Patients Aid Association, King George Memorial, Mahalaxmi; School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Indian journal of cancer
Periodical, Abbrev.
Indian J.Cancer
Pub Date Free Form
Oct-Dec
Volume
52
Issue
4
Start Page
694
Other Pages
697
Notes
JID: 0112040; ppublish
Place of Publication
India
ISSN/ISBN
1998-4774; 0019-509X
Accession Number
PMID: 26960522
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.4103/0019-509X.178384 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26960522
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The use of tobacco has been on the rise globally including in India, posing a grave public health problem. Recently, tobacco use through hookah smoking has increased among young adults in India, Middle East, Southwest Asia, Africa, Europe and North America. Hookah prevalence of 0.4-15% has been reported in India. AIM: The aim of the study was to understand perception of hookah use among young adults in Mumbai. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 500 college students, with/without hookah habit, were given a self-administered questionnaire to indicate their perception of hookah use, using yes/no responses. The responses were analyzed in the users/non-users and considered significantly different at P
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Database
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Data Source
Authors
Dani,K.K., Oswal,K., Maudgal,S., Saranath,D.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Indoor air quality due to secondhand smoke: Signals from selected hospitality locations in rural and urban areas of Bangalore and Dharwad districts in Karnataka, India | 2015 | Department of Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Development Research, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Indian journal of cancer
Periodical, Abbrev.
Indian J.Cancer
Pub Date Free Form
Oct-Dec
Volume
52
Issue
4
Start Page
708
Other Pages
713
Notes
JID: 0112040; ppublish
Place of Publication
India
ISSN/ISBN
1998-4774; 0019-509X
Accession Number
PMID: 26960527
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.4103/0019-509X.178447 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26960527
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoke has compounds that are known as human carcinogens. With every breath of secondhand smoke we inhale thousands of chemicals. The Government of India in the interest of public health has enacted the Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003, which bans smoking in all the public places including hotels and restaurants. The purpose of this study was to observe and record air pollution in smoke free and smoke observed locations and thereby find out whether the owners/managers of hotels, restaurants, and bars comply with rules of COTPA. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to measure and compare the level of particulate air pollution from secondhand smoke (PM2.5) in smoking and nonsmoking venues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted from September 2009 to March 2010 in Karnataka, India following a nonrandom sample of 79 locations, which included restaurants, bars, cafes, hotels, and tea stalls in two districts. The concentration of PM2.5 was measured using a TSI SidePak AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitor. RESULTS: In Karnataka out of the 79 hospitality locations, smoking was observed in 58% places and only 28% had displayed the required "No Smoking" signage. Places where indoor smoking was observed had high levels of air pollution with average 135 PM2.5, which were 3.1 times higher than the average 43 PM2.5 in smoke-free locations and 14 times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) target air quality guideline for PM2.5. The average PM2.5 levels in different locations ranged from 11 to 417 mug/m(3) and was lower in the case of apparently compliant designated smoking area (DSR). CONCLUSIONS: The patrons and the workers in the hospitality sector continue to be exposed to secondhand smoke despite the enactment of COTPA, which bans smoking in public places. This situation demands stringent measures for effective implementation of the Smoke Free Act and negative response to smoking among civil society.
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Database
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Data Source
Authors
Travers,M.J., Nayak,N.S., Annigeri,V.B., Billava,N.N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Control of Legionella Contamination and Risk of Corrosion in Hospital Water Networks following Various Disinfection Procedures | 2016 | University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neurosciences, Section of Public Health, Modena, Italy isabella.marchesi@unimore.it.; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neuroscie | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
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Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Appl.Environ.Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
2-May
Volume
82
Issue
10
Start Page
2959
Other Pages
2965
Notes
LR: 20160726; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 7605801; OID: NLM: PMC4959080 [Available on 11/02/16]; PMCR: 2016/11/02 00:00; 2015/12/01 [received]; 2016/03/03 [accepted]; 2016/05/15 [ppublish]; 2016/03/11 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1098-5336; 0099-2240
Accession Number
PMID: 26969696
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1128/AEM.03873-15 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26969696
Abstract
Physical and chemical disinfection methods have been proposed with the aim of controlling Legionella water contamination. To date, the most effective procedures for reducing bacterial contamination have not yet been defined. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effectiveness of various disinfection procedures in order to reduce both culturable and nonculturable (NC) legionellae in different hospital water networks treated with heat, chlorine dioxide, monochloramine, and hydrogen peroxide. The temperature levels and biocide concentrations that proved to give reliable results were analyzed. In order to study the possible effects on the water pipes, we verified the extent of corrosion on experimental coupons after applying each method for 6 months. The percentage of positive points was at its lowest after treatment with monochloramine, followed by chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hyperthermia. Different selections of Legionella spp. were observed, as networks treated with chlorine-based disinfectants were contaminated mainly by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, hyperthermia was associated with serogroups 2 to 14, and hydrogen peroxide treatment was associated mainly with non-pneumophila species. NC cells were detected only in heat-treated waters, and also when the temperature was approximately 60 degrees C. The corrosion rates of the coupons were within a satisfactory limit for water networks, but the morphologies differed. We confirm here that chemical disinfection controls Legionella colonization more effectively than hyperthermia does. Monochloramine was the most effective treatment, while hydrogen peroxide may be a promising alternative to chlorine-based disinfectants due to its ability to select for other, less virulent or nonpathogenic species.
Descriptors
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Database
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved
Data Source
Authors
Marchesi,I., Ferranti,G., Mansi,A., Marcelloni,A.M., Proietto,A.R., Saini,N., Borella,P., Bargellini,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160502
PMCID
PMC4959080
Editors
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