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Tobacco product use among middle and high school students--United States, 2011 and 2012	2013		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form Volume 62 Issue 45 Start Page 893 Other Pages 7 Notes ID: 24226625 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Nearly 90% of adult smokers in the United States began smoking by age 18 years. To assess current tobacco product use among youths, CDC analyzed data from the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS). This report describes the results of that analysis, which found that, in 2012, the prevalence of current tobacco product use among middle and high school students was 6.7% and 23.3%, respectively. After cigarettes, cigars were the second most commonly used tobacco product, with prevalence of use at 2.8% and 12.6%, respectively. From 2011 to 2012, electronic cigarette use increased significantly among middle school (0.6% to 1.1%) and high school (1.5% to 2.8%) students, and hookah use increased among high school students (4.1% to 5.4%). During the same period, significant decreases occurred in bidi and kretek use among middle and high school students, and in dissolvable tobacco use among high school students. A substantial proportion of youth tobacco use occurs with products other than cigarettes, so monitoring and prevention of youth tobacco use needs to incorporate other products, including new and emerging products. Implementing evidence-based interventions can prevent and reduce tobacco use among youths as part of comprehensive tobacco control programs. In addition, implementation of the 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, which granted the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the authority to regulate the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products, also is critical to addressing this health risk behavior. Descriptors Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-24226625 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco Product Use Among Sexual Minority Adults: Findings From the 2012-2013 National Adult Tobacco Survey	2016		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Am J Prev Med Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Volume 50 Issue 4 Start Page e91 Other Pages e100 Notes ID: 26526162 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract INTRODUCTION: A growing body of evidence reveals higher rates of tobacco use among sexual minority populations relative to non-minority ("straight") populations. This study seeks to more fully characterize this disparity by examining tobacco use by distinct sexual identities and gender to better understand patterns of: (1) cigarette smoking and smoking history; and (2) use of other tobacco products including cigars, pipes, hookah, e-cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco. METHODS: Data from the 2012-2013 National Adult Tobacco Survey, a random-digit dialed landline and cellular telephone survey of U.S. adults aged â‰¥18 years, were analyzed in 2014. A sexual minority category was created by combining gay, lesbian, and bisexual responses, along with those who selected an option for other non-heterosexual identities. RESULTS: Smoking prevalence was higher among sexual minority adults (27.4%) than straight adults (17.3%). Cigarette smoking was particularly high among bisexual women (36.0%). Sexual minority women started smoking and transitioned to daily smoking earlier than their straight peers. Use of other tobacco products was higher among sexual minority women: prevalence of e-cigarette (12.4%), hookah (10.3%), and cigar use (7.2%) was more than triple that of their straight female peers (3.4%, 2.5%, and 1.3%, respectively). Likewise, prevalence of sexual minority men's e-cigarette (7.9%) and hookah (12.8%) use exceeded that of straight men (4.7% and 4.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco use is significantly higher among sexual minority than straight adults, particularly among sexual minority women. These findings underscore the importance of tobacco control efforts designed to reach sexual minorities and highlight the heterogeneity of tobacco use within this population. Descriptors Links Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Johnson,Sarah E., Holder-Hayes, Enver, Tessman,Greta K., King,Brian A., Alexander,Tesfa, Zhao,Xiaoquan Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco products sold by Internet vendors following restrictions on flavors and light descriptors	2015	Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; cjo@email.unc.edu.; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 17 Issue 3 Start Page 344 Other Pages 349 Notes LR: 20160519; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: 5R01CA169189-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: CA154254/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA169189/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01 CA154254/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Flavoring Ag Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25173777 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Observational Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu167 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25173777 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act bans characterizing flavors (e.g., grape, strawberry) in cigarettes, excluding tobacco and menthol, and prohibits companies from using misleading descriptors (e.g., light, low) that imply reduced health risks without submitting scientific data to support the claim and obtaining a marketing authorization from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This observational study examines tobacco products offered by Internet cigarette vendors (ICV) pre- and postimplementation of the ban on characterizing flavors in cigarettes and the restriction on misleading descriptors. METHODS: Cross-sectional samples of the 200 most popular ICVs in 2009, 2010, and 2011 were identified. Data were analyzed in 2012 and 2013. RESULTS: In 2011 the odds for selling cigarettes with banned flavors or misleading descriptors were 0.40 times that for selling the products in 2009 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.18, 0.88). However, 89% of vendors continued to sell the products, including 95.8% of international vendors. Following the ban on characterizing flavors, ICVs began selling potential alternative products. In 2010, the odds for selling flavored little cigars were 1.71 (95% CI = 1.09, 2.69) times that for selling the product in 2009 and, for clove cigars, were 5.50 (95% CI = 2.36, 12.80) times that for selling the product in 2009. CONCLUSIONS: Noncompliance with the ban on characterizing flavors and restriction on misleading descriptors has been high, especially among international vendors. Many vendors appear to be circumventing the intent of the flavors ban by selling unbanned flavored cigars, in some cases in lieu of flavored cigarettes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Jo,C.L., Williams,R.S., Ribisl,K.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140830 PMCID PMC4837994 Editors
Tobacco smoke exposure and impact of smoking legislation on rural and non-rural hospitality venues in North Dakota	2015	Assistant Professor of Nursing Executive Director, Healthy Communities International, North Dakota State University, School of Nursing, Department 2670, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050.; University of New Mexico College of Nursing, Albuquerque, NM.; De	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Research in nursing & health Periodical, Abbrev. Res.Nurs.Health Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 38 Issue 4 Start Page 268 Other Pages 277 Notes CI: (c) 2015; JID: 7806136; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/04/02 [accepted]; 2015/05/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-240X; 0160-6891 Accession Number PMID: 25962373 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM; N DOI 10.1002/nur.21662 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25962373 Abstract The purpose of this cross-sectional study in a stratified random sample of 135 bars and restaurants in North Dakota was to describe factors that influenced tobacco smoke pollution levels in the venues; to compare the quantity of tobacco smoke pollution by rurality and by presence of local ordinances; and to assess compliance with state and local laws. In data collection in 2012, we measured the indoor air quality indicator of particulate matter (2.5 microns aerodynamic diameter or smaller), calculated average smoking density and occupant density, and determined compliance with state and local smoking ordinances using observational methods. As rurality increased, tobacco smoke pollution in bars increased. A significant association was found between stringency of local laws and level of tobacco smoke pollution, but the strength of the association varied by venue type. Compliance was significantly lower in venues in communities without local ordinances. Controlling for venue type, 69.2% of smoke-free policy's impact on tobacco smoke pollution levels was mediated by observed smoking. This study advances scientific knowledge on the factors influencing tobacco smoke pollution and informs public health advocates and decision makers on policy needs, especially in rural areas. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc Data Source Authors Buettner-Schmidt,K., Lobo,M.L., Travers,M.J., Boursaw,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150511 PMCID Editors
Tobacco smokers and electronic cigarettes users among Polish universities students	2016	Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska Street 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.; Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical Uni	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny Periodical, Abbrev. Rocz.Panstw.Zakl.Hig. Pub Date Free Form Volume 67 Issue 1 Start Page 75 Other Pages 80 Notes JID: 0414756; ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0035-7715; 0035-7715 Accession Number PMID: 26953585 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26953585 Abstract BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are small battery-powered electronic devices, heating the liquid to produce vapour--in most cases the latter contains nicotine and several flavourings. E-cigarettes are highly advertised across the media, mainly as healthy substitute to conventional cigarettes, aid in quitting smoking addiction or way of circumventing ban on smoking in public places. OBJECTIVE: The aim of study was obtaining epidemiological data on cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette usage among Polish universities students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Students of different Polish state universities were asked to fill a self-prepared survey on cigarette-smoking and electronic cigarette usage. 1068 fulfilled questionnaires were gathered. The population was divided into two subgroups--medical universities' students (n=545) and non-medical universities students (n=523). RESULTS: 23.78% of respondents declared current smoking while 57.0% admitted ever smoking. The mean duration of smoking among current smokers was 4.17+/-2.53 years. 56.30% of current smokers tried quitting at least once. 31.46% of students declared ever using e-cigarettes (37.28% (n=195) among non-medical universities' students and 25.87% (n=141) among medical universities' students and 8.33% current usage. Among the latter 52.81% admitted simultaneous smoking. 26.97% of current e-cigarettes' users declared having experienced side effects of e-cigarettes. 42.70% (n=456) of respondents viewed e-cigarettes as safer than conventional cigarettes, this group comprises of 40.54% (n=212) non-medical and 44.77% (n=244) medical universities' students. 85.39% (n=912) of students viewed e-cigarettes as generally unhealthy, there were 83.56% (n=437) non-medical and 87.16% (n=475) medical universities' students among this group. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of e-cigarettes usage resembles current status in many Western countries. Collected data shows high frequency of e-cigarettes usage and conventional cigarettes smoking among students (also medical universities' students). The situation requires intensive preventive measures to limit and reduce the popularity of tobacco products along with modern equivalents like electronic cigarettes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zarobkiewicz,M.K., Wawryk-Gawda,E., Wozniakowski,M.M., Slawinski,M.A., Jodlowska-Jedrych,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco smoking among the first-year medical students	2006	Klinika Alergologii Akademii Medycznej w Gdansku, Poland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pneumonologia i alergologia polska Periodical, Abbrev. Pneumonol.Alergol.Pol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 74 Issue 4 Start Page 377 Other Pages 382 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9302892; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0867-7077; 0867-7077 Accession Number PMID: 17427146 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17427146 Abstract The studies have shown that despite studying medicine the rate of tobacco smokers among students is still high. Moreover, in Poland the incidence of smoking is increasing among the youngsters. The study was designed to assess the rate of smokers among the first-year students of two consecutive courses at the Medical University of Gdansk and define their attitudes towards tobacco smoking. The voluntary, multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed among 412 students. The rate of response was 100%. Twenty one percent of responders were current smokers (17% females and 28% men), whereas 7% declared previous smoking. There was no correlation between incidence of smoking among students and their parents (p=0.11). 61% of smokers declared the will to give up their habit and of those 94% were aware of the negative impact of cigarettes on their health. In the group which did not declare the will to quit smoking only 75% knew what the impact of cigarettes on their health was; p=0.02. Only 23% of smokers considered anti-nicotine therapy effective. Almost a half of smokers considered nicotine replacement therapy ineffective for them in quitting cigarette smoking. CONCLUSION: The rate of smokers among the first-year medical students is lower than in general population, but it is still relatively high. However more than a half of smokers wants to give up their habit. Of those who are not willing to, 25% is not aware of the cigarettes' impact on their health. These results call for further anti-nicotine actions. Descriptors Adult, Attitude to Health, Female, Health Education, Humans, Male, Poland/epidemiology, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, Socioeconomic Factors, Students, Medical/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, Universities Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sieminska,A., Jassem,J. M., Uherek,M., Wilanowski,T., Nowak,R., Jassem,E. Original/Translated Title Postawy wobec palenia tytoniu wsrod studentow pierwszego roku medycyny URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco smoking and gingival health in a Saudi Arabian population.	2004	Natto, S., Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Oral health & preventive dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. Oral Health Prev Dent Pub Date Free Form / Volume 2 Issue 4 Start Page 351 Other Pages 357 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1602-1622 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract PURPOSE: While cigarette smoking is recognized as being detrimental to periodontal health, the effect of water pipe smoking on gingival health is not known. The present study was conducted to determine whether water pipe smoking has an influence on gingival health. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 244 individuals aged 25-70 years. The levels of plaque and gingivitis were recorded on four sites of all present teeth, using the plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI). Information about oral hygiene practices, dental care and smoking habits was obtained at the time of the clinical examination in accordance with a predetermined questionnaire. RESULTS: The means of plaque index and gingival index values were 1.2 and 0.9, respectively. Similarly, the mean percentages of surfaces with plaque and gingival bleeding sites were 66.7% and 30.4%, respectively. There was an overall significant association between smoking and plaque index and gingival index (F = 22.9 and F = 10.8, respectively, p < 0.001). Oral hygiene was inferior in water pipe smokers, cigarette smokers, and mixed smokers when compared to non-smokers. The correlation between plaque % and gingival bleeding % in cigarette smokers was significantly weaker than in non-smokers. It was also weaker in water pipe smokers, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The gingival bleeding response to plaque was significantly suppressed in cigarette smokers. There was a tendency towards suppression also in water pipe smokers. Descriptors adult, age distribution, aged, analysis of variance, article, cross-sectional study, female, gingivitis, human, male, middle aged, mouth hygiene, nonparametric test, periodontics, questionnaire, Saudi Arabia, smoking, tooth plaque Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Natto,S., Baljoon,M., Abanmy,A., Bergstrom,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco smoking and periodontal health in a Saudi Arabian population	2005	Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. suzan_natto@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 76 Issue 11 Start Page 1919 Other Pages 1926 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8000345; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-3492; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 16274311 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2005.76.11.1919 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16274311 Abstract BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to examine the association between tobacco smoking, in particular water pipe smoking, and periodontal health. METHODS: A total of 262 citizens of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in the age range from 17 to 60 years volunteered to participate in the study. The clinical examinations were carried out at King Faisal Specialty Hospital and Research Center in Jeddah and included assessments of oral hygiene, gingival inflammation, and probing depth. Smoking behavior was registered through a questionnaire and confirmed by an interview. Participants were stratified into water pipe smokers (31%), cigarette smokers (19%), mixed smokers (20%), and non-smokers (30%). RESULTS: The mean probing depth per person was 3.1 mm for water pipe smokers, 3.0 mm for cigarette smokers, 2.8 mm for mixed smokers, and 2.3 mm for non-smokers. The association between smoking and probing depth was statistically significant controlling for age (P or =5 mm was 19.5% in the total population, 30% in water pipe smokers, 24% in cigarette smokers, and 8% in non-smokers. The prevalence was significantly greater in water pipe and cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers (P <0.001). The relative risk for periodontal disease increased by 5.1- and 3.8-fold in water pipe and cigarette smokers, respectively, compared to non-smokers (P <0.001 and P <0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: An association was observed between water pipe smoking and periodontal disease manifestations in terms of probing depth measurements. The impact of water pipe smoking was of largely the same magnitude as that of cigarette smoking. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Dental Plaque Index, Female, Gingivitis/classification/complications, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Diseases/classification/complications, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification/complications, Risk Factors, Saudi Arabia, Sex Factors, Smoking, Tooth Loss/classification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Natto,S., Baljoon,M., Bergstrom,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco smoking habits, beliefs, and attitudes among medical students in Tirana, Albania	2002	Respiratory Pathophysiology, Sauk University Clinics, Tirana, Albania.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 34 Issue 3 Start Page 370 Other Pages 373 Notes LR: 20041117; CI: (C)2002; JID: 0322116; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0091-7435; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 11902854 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1006/pmed.2001.0994 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11902854 Abstract BACKGROUND: Many surveys throughout the world have evaluated the smoking behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes of medical students, but no information is available from Albania. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey in classroom settings using a self-administered questionnaire was performed at the University of Tirana during October 2000. RESULTS: In the first and fifth years of medical school, 149 (68.5% women) and 185 (55% women) students, respectively, completed the questionnaire, with overall response rates of 82 and 92%. Tobacco smoking prevailed among males. The smoking rates among first-year medical students were 34% among men and 5% among women. Among fifth-year students, 55% of the men and 34% of the women smoked. The percentages of occasional smokers were 29 and 49%, respectively, among the first- and fifth-year students who smoked. Most medical students reported knowing the health hazards of tobacco. Most students in both groups believed that smoking should be restricted in hospitals. Slightly more than half of the students stated that they will regularly advise smokers against smoking in their future jobs. CONCLUSION: Tobacco smoking is common among medical students in Albania. Targeted antismoking training should be mandatory for medical students in Albania. Descriptors Adult, Albania/epidemiology, Attitude to Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Collection, Female, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Probability, Reference Values, Risk Assessment, Sex Distribution, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Students, Medical, Urban Population Links Book Title Database Publisher American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science (USA) Data Source Authors Vakeflliu,Y., Argjiri,D., Peposhi,I., Agron,S., Melani,A. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco smoking is addictive--do not start smoking	2008	Pierwszy Zaklad Medycyny Rodzinnej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lodzi. sylwia.kalucka@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Przeglad lekarski Periodical, Abbrev. Przegl.Lek. Pub Date Free Form Volume 65 Issue 10 Start Page 653 Other Pages 656 Notes JID: 19840720R; ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0033-2240; 0033-2240 Accession Number PMID: 19189572 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19189572 Abstract Tobacco smoking is addictive- do not start smoking, do not start smoking, each person buying a package of cigarettes can read this inscription. But does he really read it? Every year all over the world one million people try to stop smoking, but only for a few percent this attempt is successful. Giving up the habit of smoking is hard because it leads to biological and psychogenic addiction. The aim of this paper was to check which factors most motivated smokers to stop smoking? 50 active smokers, among them 5 former smokers, who have smoked at least 15 cigarettes a day for 15 years were classified to the preliminary study. Among them there were 23 women, which is 46% of the subjects and 27 men, which is 54% of the subjects. The average number of smoked cigarettes among present smokers was 18.4 pieces, and the former smokers smoked the average of 19 pieces daily. Present smokers smoke 8 years longer, i.e. 26.3 years than former smokers. Inscription placed on cigarette packages concerning the loss of health definitely influence smokers to make another attempt to stop smoking. This important concerns the appearance of lung cancer, the differences were statistically significant between former and present smokers (p < 0.03), women are afraid of lung cancer twice more often than men (p<0.02), also women more often were afraid of cardiovascular system diseases (chi2 = 2.013, p < 0.03) and painful death (chi2 = 7.729, p < 0.006). Over 80% of smokers declared that the raise of the price of cigarette package has a significant influence on further attempt to stop smoking. Among the subjects 20% declared that ad spots on TV positively influence giving up smoking. Other factors such as: chewing gum (only 11.1% willing to try again), tablets (only 8.9%), appearing cough (2.2%), unpleasant tobacco smell (2.2%), the loss of taste (0.0%), the improvement of life comfort (4.4%) at minimum extent motivated smokers to stop smoking. Unsuccessful attempt of giving up smoking should not discourage any smoker no his doctor to further fight for his health. In another attempt the arguments that most motivate the smoker to stop smoking are worth using again. Descriptors Adult, Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology/prevention & control, Causality, Comorbidity, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Incidence, Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology/prevention & control, Male, Middle Aged, Poland/epidemiology, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods/psychology, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kalucka,S. Original/Translated Title Palenie tytoniu uzaleznia--nie zaczynaj palic URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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