WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Levels of maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide and certain cardiovascular parameters following hubble-bubble smoking	2002	Shafagoj, Y.A., Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Saudi medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. Saudi Med.J. Pub Date Free Form 2002/08 Volume 23 Issue 8 Start Page 953 Other Pages 958 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0379-5284 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objective: The physiological effects of cigarette smoking have been widely studied, however, little is known regarding the effects of smoking hubble-bubble. We examined the acute effects of hubble-bubble smoking on heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure and maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide. Methods: This study was carried out in, in the student laboratory, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, during the summer of 1999. In 18 healthy habitual hubble-bubble smokers, heart rate, blood pressure, and maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide was measured before, during and post smoking of one hubble-bubble run (45 minutes). Results: Compared to base line (time zero), at the end of smoking heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide were increased 16 Â± 2.4 beats per minute, 6.7 Â± 2.5 mm Hg, 4.4 Â± 1.6 mm Hg, 5.2 Â± 1.7 mm Hg, and 14.2 Â± 1.8 ppm, (mean Â± standard error of mean, P<.05). Conclusions: Acute short-term active hubble-bubble smoking elicits a modest increase in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide in healthy hubble-bubble smokers. Descriptors carbon monoxide, adult, article, blood pressure, cardiovascular parameters, controlled study, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, human, human experiment, Jordan, laboratory, male, mean arterial pressure, normal human, smoking, summer, systolic blood pressure, university Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Shafagoj,Y. A., Mohammed,F. I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Hubble-bubble (water pipe) smoking: Levels of nicotine and cotinine in plasma, saliva and urine	2002	Shafagoj, Y.A., Dept. of Physiology/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. Pub Date Free Form 2002/ Volume 40 Issue 6 Start Page 249 Other Pages 255 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0946-1965 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to assess the levels of nicotine and cotinine in biological fluids (plasma, saliva, and urine) following hubble-bubble (HB) smoking. Methods: Fourteen healthy male volunteers, aged 28 Â± 8 years, body weight of 82.7 Â± 13.53 kg, participated in the study. All volunteers were habitual HB smokers for 3.29 Â± 1.90 years who smoked at least 3 runs per week with an average of 20 g Mua'sel per run. Volunteers were requested to avoid smoking, at least 84 hours prior to the time of the study. After baseline samples were taken, volunteers started smoking 20 g of Mua'sel for a period of 45 minutes. Heparinized blood samples (5 or 10 ml each) were drawn for nicotine and cotinine analysis before, during and after the smoking period. Saliva samples were collected just before smoking (time 0) and at the end of smoking (45 min). Urine also was collected at time 0 and 24-hour urine collection was also taken to measure nicotine and cotinine excretion. Nicotine and cotinine were extracted from samples and assayed by gas chromatography. All data are presented as mean Â± SEM throughout the text, Tables and Figures unless indicated otherwise. Results: Plasma nicotine levels rose from 1.11 Â± 0.62 ng/ml at baseline to a maximum of 60.31 Â± 7.58 ng/ml (p <0.001) at the end of smoking (45 min). Plasma cotinine levels increased from 0.79 Â± 0.79 ng/ml at baseline to its highest concentration of 51.95 Â± 13.58 ng/ml (p < 0.001) 3 hours following the end of smoking. Saliva nicotine levels significantly rose from 1.05 Â± 0.72 to 624.74 Â± 149.3 ng/ml and also saliva cotinine levels significantly increased from 0.79 Â± 0.79 ng/ml to 283.49 Â± 75.04 ng/ml. Mean amounts of nicotine and cotinine excreted in urine during the 24-hour urine collection following smoking were equal to 73.59 Â± 18.28 and 249 Â± 54.78 Î¼g, respectively. Conclusion: Following a single run of HB smoking, plasma, saliva and urinary nicotine and cotinine concentration increased to high values. This observation suggests that HB may not be an innocent habit, as people believe. Descriptors cotinine, heparin, nicotine, adult, article, blood analysis, blood level, body fluid, body weight, controlled study, gas chromatography, human, male, normal human, saliva level, smoking, smoking cessation, tobacco, urinalysis, urinary excretion, urine level, volunteer Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Shafagoj,Y. A., Mohammed,F. I., Hadidi,K. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smoking and health: An overview	2003	Shaikh, M., Cambridge CB4 3HQ, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International Journal of Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Med. Pub Date Free Form 2003/04 Volume 5 Issue 2 Start Page 88 Other Pages 93 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1468-3814 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objective- To explore different socio-cultural, psychological, physical and legal issues related to smoking and to determine whether the effects of passive smoking are similar to those of active smoking. Design- Literature Review. Setting- Various published materials such as books, journals, online journals, internet, websites, leaflets and booklets. Method- A review of the literature was carried out by looking at published materials such as books, journals, online journals, internet websites, leaflets and booklets published by different organisations, and data and information so obtained were interpreted in the light of the current situation. Results- The presence of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke increases the risk of developing respiratory symptoms, thrombosis and cardiovascular disease as well as lung cancer. Smoking reduces productivity and increases health care costs. Other forms of tobacco consumption include chewing on its own or with betel, snuff and hookah smoking. The medico-legal aspects of smoking have been found to be complex. The imposition of tax on cigarettes, originally intended to restrict the use of cigarettes, soon proved to be a profitable source of government revenue. Recently, individuals, and in some countries, the government have been suing tobacco companies for the damages caused to smokers, and such litigation is becoming increasingly common. Conclusions- Smoking is a complex problem and cannot easily be eradicated, especially as it involves the interests of different parties: smokers, the government and tobacco companies, which are unlikely to be in agreement with one another. However, steps should be taken to minimise the damage caused by the habit to prevent it posing a serious threat to the health of the nation. Health professionals can contribute to this by offering advice and providing information and treatment for smokers wishing to stop. Descriptors carbon monoxide, nicotine, tar, betel nut, cardiovascular disease, smoking, cultural factor, government, health care cost, health practitioner, human, Internet, law suit, legal aspect, lung cancer, medical information, medical literature, medicolegal aspect, online system, passive smoking, patient counseling, physical activity, productivity, psychological aspect, respiratory tract disease, review, risk assessment, risk reduction, smokeless tobacco, smoking cessation, smoking habit, social aspect, tax, thrombosis, tobacco industry Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Shaikh,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
An outbreak of cholera in Medipally village, Andhra Pradesh, India, 2013	2015	SHARE India, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.; SHARE India, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.; SHARE India, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.; Directorate of Health, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.; Directorate of	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of health, population, and nutrition Periodical, Abbrev. J.Health Popul.Nutr. Pub Date Free Form 24-Jul Volume 33 Issue Start Page 7 Other Pages 015-0021-1 Notes JID: 100959228; 2015/05/29 [received]; 2015/06/26 [accepted]; 2015/07/24 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication Bangladesh ISSN/ISBN 2072-1315; 1606-0997 Accession Number PMID: 26825056 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/s41043-015-0021-1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26825056 Abstract BACKGROUND: Cholera continues to remain endemic in over 50 countries and has caused large epidemics with around 3-5 million cases occurring every year in Asia alone. In India, cholera is endemic in many states. However, etiological information and age-specific incidence related to cholera outbreaks is limited. In November 2013, district authorities reported a cluster of diarrheal disease among residents of Medipally to the state surveillance unit. We investigated this cluster to confirm its etiology, describe its magnitude, identify potential risk factors, and make recommendations for control. FINDINGS: A house-to-house active search was conducted to identify cases of acute diarrhea and collect information on drinking water source. Drinking water samples were collected from common water sources and sampled households to test for bacteriological quality. Ten stool samples were collected for culture. A matched case-control study was conducted to identify the risk factors. A total of 138 case-patients of diarrhea (Attack rate: 11.5/100; POPULATION: 15 1,200) and 1 death (Case Fatality Ratio: 0.72/100) were identified. Five of the 10 stool samples were culture positive for V. cholerae, serogroup O1 El Tor. Drinking water from the overhead tank [Adjusted OR (AOR): 31.94, 95% CI: 7.3-139.5] was associated with risk of developing illness. CONCLUSIONS: This outbreak affected nearly 11% of the village population and was due to contamination of the main drinking water source. Outbreaks such as this can be prevented by constructing the drain away from the water pipelines and by monitoring regular chlorination of drinking water source and inspection of pipelines for damage. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Uthappa,C.K., Allam,R.R., Nalini,C., Gunti,D., Udaragudi,P.R., Tadi,G.P., Murhekar,M.V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150724 PMCID Editors
A recent outbreak of cholera due to Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa in & around Chandigarh, North India	2003	Sharma, M., Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgrad. Inst. of Med. Educ./Res., Chandigarh 160012, India	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Indian Journal of Medical Research Periodical, Abbrev. Indian J.Med.Res. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 117 Issue JUNE Start Page 243 Other Pages 246 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0971-5916 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract An outbreak of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa occurred in and around Chandigarh during July 22-31, 2002. Of the 303 patients admitted to two hospitals, 82 were confirmed by culture. Two rehabilitation colonies located at the periphery of Chandigarh were mainly affected. The isolates were biotyped as Eltor and were susceptible to many antibiotics. Thirty one (35.2%) of 88 water samples showed evidence of faecal contamination. The survey of the area revealed sewage contamination of the drinking water supply. The outbreak was controlled by providing safe drinking water to the people and correcting the defects in the sewage and water pipelines. Descriptors amoxicillin, antibiotic agent, cefalexin, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, doxycycline, furazolidone, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, adolescent, adult, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic sensitivity, article, bacterial strain, bacterium colony, bacterium contamination, bacterium culture, bacterium isolate, child, cholera, controlled study, dehydration, diarrhea, epidemic, feces culture, female, hospital admission, human, in vitro study, India, major clinical study, male, nonhuman, oral rehydration therapy, pipeline, safety, sewage disposal, Vibrio cholerae, vomiting, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Taneja,N., Kaur,J., Sharma,K., Singh,M., Kalra,J. K., Sharma,N. M., Sharma,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of polyvinylchloride water pipes on the quality of water	1965	Sheftel', V.O.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Vrachebnoe delo Periodical, Abbrev. Vrach.Delo Pub Date Free Form / Volume 4 Issue Start Page 108 Other Pages 110 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0049-6804 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors polyvinyl derivative, article, water supply Links Book Title Vliianie polivinilkhloridnykh vodoprovodnykh trub na kachestvo vody. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Sheftel',V. O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The independent effects of second hand smoke exposure and maternal body mass index on the anthropometric measurements of the newborn	2013	Sheikh Bahamdan Research Chair of Evidence-based Healthcare and Knowledge translation, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P,O Box 102799, Riyadh 11685, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. umlena@yahoo.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 9-Nov Volume 13 Issue Start Page 1058 Other Pages 2458-13-1058 Notes LR: 20150422; JID: 100968562; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC4226006; 2013/07/12 [received]; 2013/11/07 [accepted]; 2013/11/09 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 24209496 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1058 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24209496 Abstract BACKGROUND: Exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy, whether as active smoking or by exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age infants due to the effect of tobacco on the anthropometric measurements of the newborn. This effect might be masked by maternal obesity as it increases fetal weight. The objectives of this study were to estimate the independent effects of maternal exposure to SHS and maternal body mass index (BMI) on the anthropometric measurements and on the prevalence of macrosomia and LBW among term infants. METHODS: Data were collected from women in the postnatal ward following delivery. Participants were stratified into six groups based on the BMI (underweight /=30 kg/m(2)) and the SHS exposure status (exposed and non- exposed), to examine the independent effects of BMI and SHS on infants' anthropometry. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the independent associations between the six groups and the risk of delivering a macrosomic or LBW infant. RESULTS: Infants of women exposed to SHS had significantly reduced anthropometric measurements compared to infants of unexposed women. The odds of delivering a macrosomic baby increased to 9-fold for women with BMI of >/=30 kg/m(2) compared to non-obese women; odds ratio (OR) 9.18, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (1.01, 9.37); p = 0.04, this risk was attenuated to 1.5-fold in women exposed to SHS, OR 1.53, 95% CI (1.19, 12.1); p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wahabi,H.A., Mandil,A.A., Alzeidan,R.A., Bahnassy,A.A., Fayed,A.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131109 PMCID PMC4226006 Editors
Effects of secondhand smoke on the birth weight of term infants and the demographic profile of Saudi exposed women	2013	Sheikh Bahamdan Research Chair of Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 102799, Riyadh 11685, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. umlena@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 15-Apr Volume 13 Issue Start Page 341 Other Pages 2458-13-341 Notes LR: 20150427; JID: 100968562; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC3641009; 2013/01/07 [received]; 2013/04/11 [accepted]; 2013/04/15 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 23587116 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-341 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23587116 Abstract BACKGROUND: Maternal exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy is associated with detrimental effects on the mother and the fetus including; impaired fetal growth, low birth weight and preterm delivery. In utero exposure to tobacco is implicated in the etiology of many adults' diseases including obesity, diabetes and hypertension.The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of Secondhand Tobacco Smoke (SHS) exposure on newborns' anthropometric measurements and to compare the demographic profile of the women exposed to SHS to those who were not. METHOD: This is a retrospective cohort study investigating the effects of SHS during pregnancy on newborns' anthropometry. Women who self-reported SHS exposure were compared with those not exposed. The primary outcomes were birth weight, newborn length and head circumference. Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis were performed. Adjusted differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: Mothers exposed to SHS constituted 31% of the cohort. The mean birth weight of infants of exposed mothers was significantly lower by 35 g, 95% CI: 2-68 g, (P = 0.037) and the mean length was shorter by 0.261 cm, 95% CI 0.058-0.464 cm, (P = 0.012) compared to the infants of unexposed mothers. Women exposed to SHS, were younger, of lower parity and more likely to be illiterate than those who were not exposed in addition, exposed women were less likely to be primiparous. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of exposure of Saudi pregnant women to SHS is high at 31% and it is associated with reduced birth weight, and shorter length of the newborn. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wahabi,H.A., Alzeidan,R.A., Fayed,A.A., Mandil,A., Al-Shaikh,G., Esmaeil,S.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130415 PMCID PMC3641009 Editors
Field application of acid mist to a single clone of Sitka spruce: Effects on foliar nutrition and frost hardiness	1997	Sheppard, L.J., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental Pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1997/11 Volume 98 Issue 2 Start Page 175 Other Pages 184 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0269-7491 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Trees (> 2.5 m tall) belonging to a single clone of physiologically mature Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr), growing in a base rich agricultural loam, were treated approximately twice weekly with acid mist (pH 2.5) over three consecutive growing seasons. The treatment consisted of acid mist containing H+, NH4+, NO3- and SO42- in equimolar concentrations (1.6 mol m-3) identical to that used in previous open-top chamber (OTC) studies with seedlings and grafted cuttings. The acid mist supplied approximately 48 kg N and 51 kg S ha-1 year -1 and 3.3 kg H ha-1 year-1. Treated trees were surrounded by a framework which supported temporary blinds, positioned only during the spray treatment. Control trees received no treatment. Groups of four trees were assigned to one of five height classes, to take account of a gradient in height across the site, and these groups were treated as units of replication. Shoot frost hardiness and foliar nutrient concentrations were measured for comparison with previous OTC studies. Tree size, which initially was positively correlated with differences in nutrient status (N, P, S and K), exerted a significant effect on the frost hardiness response to acid mist. Acid mist had a negative effect on frost hardiness only in the smallest trees, and only when the trees were already hardy to -20Â°C and treatment applications were regular and continuous up to sampling. There was no evidence of foliar mediated affects such as enhanced ion leakage rates and substantially elevated foliar S concentrations which typified OTC exposures. The usefulness of these variables with respect to monitoring field effects of acid mist is discussed together with the importance of different environmental factors which appear to control tree response in the field. Descriptors ammonia, nitrate, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, proton, sulfate, sulfur, acid rain, air pollution, article, cold tolerance, controlled study, nebulization, nonhuman, nutrition, pH, pine Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Sheppard,L. J., Crossley,A., Harvey,F. J., Wilson,D., Cape,J. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of acid mist on mature grafts of Sitka spruce: Part I - Frost hardiness and foliar nutrient concentrations	1994	Sheppard, L.J., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental Pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1994/ Volume 85 Issue 2 Start Page 229 Other Pages 238 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0269-7491 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Mature grafts of five clones of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Bong. Sarg.) were exposed to simulated acid mist composed of an equimolar mixture of sulphuric acid and ammonium nitrate at pH 2.5 and pH 5.0 in open-top chambers from May to November 1991. Treatments were applied on consecutive days, four times a week. The pH 2.5 treatment provided an overall dose three times higher than that received by forests in upland areas of Britain. Frost hardiness was assessed in November by freezing detached current year shoots at a range of temperatures and assessing the rate of electrolyte leakage Foliar nutrient concentrations were determined on the same shoots. Acid mist at pH 2.5 significantly reduced frost hardiness in four of the five clones; the temperature causing 50% shoot death (LT50) was increased by 0 to 7Â°C. The clones varied in their level of hardiness, one clone being exceptionally frost sensitive. The frost hardiness of the frost sensitive clone was found to be less perturbed by acid mist than the hardiness of the more frost resistant clones. Mature grafts showed a smaller reduction in hardiness at an equivalent dose than that found previously with Sitka spruce seedlings. Compared with seedlings, grafts had lower absolute concentrations of foliar sulphur. Exposure to acid mist at pH 2.5 increased %S in current year foliage by <0.05% compared with absolute increases of more than 0.10% in current year foliage of seedlings. We conclude that the effect of acid mist on frost hardiness is likely to be less on mature trees than on seedlings and that the increased frost risk to mature trees of Sitka spruce from occult deposition alone is small. Descriptors ammonium nitrate, sulfuric acid, acid rain, article, cold tolerance, environmental temperature, forest, nutrient, plant leaf, tree, United Kingdom Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Sheppard,L. J., Leith,I. D., Cape,J. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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