Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink Sort descending |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liquid crystal precursor mucoadhesive system as a strategy to improve the prophylactic action of Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland against infection by Candida krusei | 2015 | Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.; Department of Drugs and Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.; Department of Infe | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of nanomedicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Nanomedicine
Pub Date Free Form
16-Dec
Volume
10
Issue
Start Page
7455
Other Pages
7466
Notes
LR: 20160102; JID: 101263847; OID: NLM: PMC4687718; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015 [ecollection]; 2015/12/16 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
New Zealand
ISSN/ISBN
1178-2013; 1176-9114
Accession Number
PMID: 26719688
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.2147/IJN.S92638 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26719688
Abstract
Vaginal infections caused by Candida krusei are a problem of extreme complexity due to the intrinsic resistance to azole drugs. The species Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland is a plant of the Eriocaulaceae family that has demonstrated promising antifungal activity. In phyto-formulation research, liquid crystal precursor mucoadhesive systems (LCPM) stand out as drug delivery systems for vaginal administration because they increase the activity and overcome the problems associated with plant-based medicines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the methanolic extract of scapes of S. nitens (S. nitens extract [SNE]) and an SNE-loaded LCPM against C. krusei as prophylaxis for vulvovaginal candidiasis. LCPM formulation developed consisted of oleic acid as the oil phase (50% w/w), polyoxypropylene (5) polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl alcohol (40% w/w) as the surfactant and a polymeric dispersion containing 2.5% Carbopol((R)) 974P and 2.5% polycarbophil (10% w/w) as the aqueous phase. LCPM formulation developed was characterized using polarized light microscopy, rheological analysis, and in vitro mucoadhesive studies. Different strains of C. krusei, including one standard strain (American Type Culture Collection 6258) and three clinically isolated strains from the vaginal region (CKV1, 2, and 3), were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, inhibition of biofilms, and time kill. The in vivo prophylaxis assay was performed using the standard strain (American Type Culture Collection 6258). The analyses of F by polarized light microscopy and rheology showed isotropy; however, the addition of 100% artificial vaginal mucus (F100) made it more viscous and anisotropic. Moreover, the mucoadhesive strength was modified, which makes F an excellent formulation for vaginal applications. SNE was active against all strains studied, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 125 to 62.5 microg/mL; after incorporating SNE into F (FE), these values decreased to 62.5 to 31.2 microg/mL, demonstrating that incorporation into the formulation potentiated the action of SNE. Additionally, the time kill assays showed that both forms of SNE were capable of controlling growth, thereby suggesting a possible fungistatic mechanism. Unloaded SNE was not active against C. krusei biofilms, but FE was active against a clinical strain (CKV2). In vivo analysis showed that FE was able to prevent the development of infection following 10 days of administration. We concluded that the formulation developed in this study was an important vehicle for the delivery of SNE based on the improved antifungal activity in all in vitro and in vivo analyses. Furthermore, the extract incorporated into the system may serve as an important prophylactic agent against vaginal infections caused by C. krusei.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
dos Santos Ramos,M.A., Calixto,G., de Toledo,L.G., Bonifacio,B.V., dos Santos,L.C., de Almeida,M.T., Chorilli,M., Bauab,T.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20151216
PMCID
PMC4687718
Editors
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| Intention to quit water pipe smoking among Arab Americans: Application of the theory of planned behavior | 2015 | a Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy , University of Houston, Texas Medical Center , Houston , Texas.; a Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy , University of Houston, Texas Medical Center , Houston , Texas.; b Depar | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of ethnicity in substance abuse
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Ethn.Subst.Abuse
Pub Date Free Form
31-Dec
Volume
Issue
Start Page
1
Other Pages
11
Notes
LR: 20160101; JID: 101083217; OTO: NOTNLM; aheadofprint; SO: J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2015 Dec 31:1-11.
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1533-2659; 1533-2640
Accession Number
PMID: 26720395
Language
ENG
SubFile
JOURNAL ARTICLE
DOI
10.1080/15332640.2015.1088423 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26720395
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs on the intention to quit water pipe smoking by using an observational, survey-based, cross-sectional study design with a convenient sample of Arab American adults in Houston, Texas. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine predictors of intention to quit water pipe smoking in the next year. A total of 340 participants completed the survey. Behavioral evaluation, normative beliefs, and motivation to comply were significant predictors of an intention to quit water pipe smoking adjusting for age, gender, income, marital status, and education. Interventions and strategies that include these constructs will assist water pipe smokers in quitting.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Athamneh,L., Essien,E.J., Sansgiry,S.S., Abughosh,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20151231
PMCID
Editors
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| Feasibility and Quit Rates of the Tobacco Status Project: A Facebook Smoking Cessation Intervention for Young Adults | 2015 | Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States. danielle.ramo@ucsf.edu. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of medical Internet research
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Med.Internet Res.
Pub Date Free Form
31-Dec
Volume
17
Issue
12
Start Page
e291
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160217; GR: K23 DA018691/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DA032578/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DA032578/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA009253/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA09253/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR
Place of Publication
Canada
ISSN/ISBN
1438-8871; 1438-8871
Accession Number
PMID: 26721211
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.2196/jmir.5209 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26721211
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Young adult smokers are a challenging group to engage in smoking cessation interventions. With wide reach and engagement among users, Facebook offers opportunity to engage young people in socially supportive communities for quitting smoking and sustaining abstinence. OBJECTIVE: We developed and tested initial efficacy, engagement, and acceptability of the Tobacco Status Project, a smoking cessation intervention for young adults delivered within Facebook. METHODS: The intervention was based on the US Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Transtheoretical Model and enrolled participants into study-run 3-month secret Facebook groups matched on readiness to quit smoking. Cigarette smokers (N=79) aged 18-25, who used Facebook on most days, were recruited via Facebook. All participants received the intervention and were randomized to one of three monetary incentive groups tied to engagement (commenting in groups). Assessments were completed at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up. Analyses examined retention, smoking outcomes over 12 months (7-day point prevalence abstinence, >/=50% reduction in cigarettes smoked, quit attempts and strategies used, readiness to quit), engagement, and satisfaction with the intervention. RESULTS: Retention was 82% (65/79) at 6 months and 72% (57/79) at 12 months. From baseline to 12-months follow-up, there was a significant increase in the proportion prepared to quit (10/79, 13%; 36/79, 46%, P<.001 over="" a="" third="" reduced="" their="" cigarette="" consumption="" by="" or="" greater="" and="" made="" at="" least="" one="" quit="" attempt="" during="" the="" study.="" in="" an="" intent-to-treat="" analysis="" self-reported="" abstinence="" verified="" biochemically="" follow-up.="" attempts="" used="" nicotine="" replacement="" therapy="" approved="" food="" drug="" administration="" while="" electronic="" delivery="" system="" to="" majority="" commented="" on="" facebook="" post="" with="" more="" commenting="" among="" those="" months="" randomized="" receive="" personal="" monetary="" incentive="" of="" participants="" reported="" reading="" most="" all="" posts.="" highest="" acceptability="" ratings="" intervention="" were="" for="" ease="" thinking="" about="" what="" they="" read="" recommended="" program="" others.="" only="" attended="" optional="" cognitive-behavioral="" counseling="" sessions="" though="" attendance="" was="" high="" overall="" rated="" as="" easy="" understand="" useful="" helpful="" agreed="" conclusions:="" smoking="" is="" attractive="" feasible="" deliver="" early="" efficacy="" data="" are="" encouraging.="" however="" use="" cigarettes="" products="" quitting="" concerning.="">
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ramo,D.E., Thrul,J., Chavez,K., Delucchi,K.L., Prochaska,J.J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20151231
PMCID
PMC4736286
Editors
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| A Group-Based Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention for Men Who Have Sex With Men in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy | 2016 | Department of Epidemiology and Behavioral & Social Health Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA. matthew_mimiaga@brown.edu.; Institute for Community Health Promotion, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. matthew_mimiaga | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Archives of Sexual Behavior
Periodical, Abbrev.
Arch.Sex.Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
45
Issue
6
Start Page
1493
Other Pages
1500
Notes
JID: 1273516; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/04/28 [received]; 2015/11/03 [accepted]; 2015/10/27 [revised]; 2015/12/31 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1573-2800; 0004-0002
Accession Number
PMID: 26721662
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1007/s10508-015-0663-5 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26721662
Abstract
An emerging HIV epidemic can be seen among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam. There are currently no evidence-based behavioral sexual risk reduction interventions for MSM in this setting. Between October 2012 and June 2013, 100 high-risk MSM from Ho Chi Minh City were enrolled in an open pilot trial to assess feasibility and acceptability of a group-based, manualized sexual risk reduction intervention, and to preliminarily examine changes in primary and secondary outcomes. Participants completed a behavioral assessment battery and HIV testing at baseline, 3, and 6 months post-baseline. Over 80.0 % of the sample was
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mimiaga,M.J., Closson,E.F., Biello,K.B., Nguyen,H., Nguyen,Q.H., Oldenburg,C.E., Lan,H.T., Safren,S.A., Mayer,K.H., Colby,D.J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20151231
PMCID
Editors
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| Magnetic solid phase extraction and static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | 2016 | State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.; Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
15-Jan
Volume
1429
Issue
Start Page
97
Other Pages
106
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 9318488; 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/07/01 [received]; 2015/12/01 [revised]; 2015/12/10 [accepted]; 2015/12/14 [aheadofprint]; ppub
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 26724892
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.032 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26724892
Abstract
A magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) protocol combining a static headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) method has been developed for extraction, and determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in drinking water samples. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were coated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and modified by cholesterol chloroformate. Transmission electron microscope, vibrating sample magnetometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the cholesterol-functionalized sorbents, and the main parameters affecting the extraction as well as HS sampling, such as sorbent amount, extraction time, oven temperature and equilibration time have been investigated and established. Combination with HS sampling, the MSPE procedure was simple, fast and environmentally friendly, without need of any organic solvent. Method validation proved the feasibility of the developed sorbents for the quantitation of the investigated analytes at trace levels obtaining the limit of detection (S/N=3) ranging from 0.20 to 7.8 ng/L. Good values for intra and inter-day precision were obtained (RSDs = 9.9%). The proposed method was successfully applied to drinking water samples.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Cai,Y., Yan,Z., Wang,L., NguyenVan,M., Cai,Q.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20151214
PMCID
Editors
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| Comparison of Smoking and Khat Chewing Habits between Medical and Non-Medical Female Students at UST, Sana'a, Yemen | 2015 | Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen. m7kubas_ph@yahoo.com.; Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of research in health sciences
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Res.Health.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Fall
Volume
15
Issue
4
Start Page
262
Other Pages
265
Notes
JID: 101480094; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/04/15 [received]; 2015/07/23 [accepted]; 2015/06/15 [revised]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Iran
ISSN/ISBN
2228-7809; 2228-7795
Accession Number
PMID: 26728914
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
2047 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26728914
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Smoking is a worldwide problem that kills millions of people. Women smoke much lower than males but the numbers of smoker women are growing up. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of smoking and khat chewing in medical and non-medical female students at University of Science and Technology (UST), Sana'a, Yemen. METHODS: We used self-administrated questionnaire to collect cross-sectional data from a randomly selected sample of medical and non-medical female students of UST in 2012-2013. Overall, 480 students completed and returned the questionnaire, of them medical students represented 50% of them. RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking was significantly low among female medical students (P=0.045), however, not significantly difference was found between medical and non-medical female students in khat chewing habits (P=0.083). Non-smoker medical female students who tried smoking (45.6%) were significantly lower than non-medical students (54.4%), and curiosity was the main reason for trying smoking. Water pipe was the most common type of smoking among smoker students (78.6%). Out of 26 female students who smoke and chew khat, 18 students reported that they smoke more while they chew khat. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the need for increased health education, awareness, and knowledge of the risks of smoking and particularly khat chewing to reduce these habits among female university students especially in non-medical female students.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Kubas,M.A., Wadi,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Use of electronic cigarettes and alternative tobacco products among Romanian adolescents | 2016 | Department of Hygiene, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania. valentin.nadasan@umftgm.ro.; Social Sciences and Health Policy, Cancer Prevention and Control, Wake Forest University Medical School, NC, USA.; Institute of P | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Public.Health.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
61
Issue
2
Start Page
199
Other Pages
207
Notes
LR: 20160327; GR: 1R01TW009280-01/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 TW009280/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101304551; NIHMS749189; OID: NLM: NIHMS749189 [Available on 03/01/17]; OID: NLM: PMC4808391 [Available on 03/01/17]; OTO: NOTNLM; PMCR: 201
Place of Publication
Switzerland
ISSN/ISBN
1661-8564; 1661-8556
Accession Number
PMID: 26729271
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1007/s00038-015-0774-8 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26729271
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess socio-demographic and smoking-related correlates of e-cigarette and alternative tobacco products (ATPs) use in a multi-ethnic group of adolescents in Tirgu Mures, Romania. METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 1835 high school students from Tirgu Mures, Romania. Socio-demographic variables and data about smoking and e-cigarettes and ATP use were collected using an online questionnaire. Chi-square tests or one-way ANOVA were applied to compare never smokers, non-current smokers, and current smokers. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to determine the correlates of e-cigarettes and ATP use. RESULTS: The most frequently tried non-cigarette nicotine and tobacco products were e-cigarette (38.5 %), cigar (31.4 %) and waterpipe (21.1 %). Ever trying and current use of cigarettes were the most important correlates of e-cigarette and ATPs use. Sex, ethnicity, sensation seeking and perceived peer smoking were correlates of several ATPs use. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study may inform the development of tailored tobacco control programs.
Descriptors
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Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Nadasan,V., Foley,K.L., Penzes,M., Paulik,E., Mihaicuta,S., Abram,Z., Balint,J., Urban,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160105
PMCID
PMC4808391
Editors
|
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| Structural characterization of rat ventricular tissue exposed to the smoke of two types of waterpipe | 2015 | Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan.; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Iranian journal of basic medical sciences
Periodical, Abbrev.
Iran.J.Basic Med.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
18
Issue
10
Start Page
942
Other Pages
949
Notes
LR: 20160107; JID: 101517966; OID: NLM: PMC4686577; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
Iran
ISSN/ISBN
2008-3866; 2008-3866
Accession Number
PMID: 26730327
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26730327
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: this study focused on the effect of waterpipe smoke exposure toxicity on the structure of albino rat's ventricular tissue and their recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Albino rats were divided into three groups: control, flavored, and unflavored. The control group was exposed to normal air while the flavored and unflavored groups were exposed to waterpipe smoke for a period of 90 days. Each group was followed by a period of 90 days of fresh air exposure. Following each period, the ventricular tissue was removed for biochemical and histopathological studies. RESULTS: The ventricular tissues of waterpipe exposed rats showed some degree of separation between cardiac muscle fibers, infiltration of lymphocytes, and congestion of blood vessel. Also, thin cross sections of ventricular cells revealed pleomorphic mitochondria with partially disrupted cristae, partial disruption of the myofibrils, and deposited toxic materials. The unflavored waterpipe has more deleterious effects on heart ventricular tissues than the flavored one. Waterpipe smoke didn't induce apoptosis in the ventricular tissue. We also found very high levels of plasma thiocyanate after exposure to smoke in the flavored and unflavored groups, while the control group showed no increase. After the recovery period, those tissues showed partial recovery. CONCLUSION: Waterpipe smoke induces structural changes in the heart ventricle tissues, causing a negative impact on the capacity of the cardiac muscle for pumping blood and may lead to heart attack due to accumulation of free radicals and tissue inflammation. Cessation of smoking is important in returning most of these changes to their normal structure.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Al-Awaida,W., Najjar,H., Shraideh,Z.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4686577
Editors
|
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| Toward Effective Water Pipe Tobacco Control Policy in the United States: Synthesis of Federal, State, and Local Policy Texts | 2016 | Read more... | |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Journal of Health promotion : AJHP
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Health Promot.
Pub Date Free Form
5-Jan
Volume
Issue
Start Page
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160708; GR: R01 CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 CA185767/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8701680; NIHMS795045; OTO: NOTNLM; PMCR: 2017/07/05 00:00; aheadofprint
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
2168-6602; 0890-1171
Accession Number
PMID: 26730559
Language
ENG
SubFile
JOURNAL ARTICLE
DOI
10.4278/ajhp.150218-QUAL-736 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26730559
Abstract
Purpose . Water pipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is growing in popularity among U.S. young adults and is associated with health risks similar to those of cigarette smoking. The purpose of this study is to examine existing tobacco control policies (TCPs) in order to investigate how they engage WTS. Approach . A systematic synthesis of content and legal interactions among federal, state, and local TCP documents. Setting . Pennsylvania, which represents a politically and demographically diverse microcosm of the United States. Participants . No human subjects. Method . Federal and state TCPs were retrieved via public legal repositories. Local policy searches were conducted via county/municipal Web sites, inclusive of 13 localities that had autonomous health departments or existing TCPs based on a National Cancer Institute report. Full-text TCPs were double coded within a grounded theory framework for health policy analysis. Emergent codes were used to compare and contrast policy texts and to examine legal interactions among TCPs. Results . Examination of policy categories including youth access, use restrictions, and taxation revealed WTS as largely omitted from current TCPs. WTS was sometimes addressed as an "other" tobacco product under older TCPs, though ambiguities in language led to questionable enforceability. State preemptions have rolled back or prevented well-tailored reforms at the local level. Federal preemptions have likewise constrained state TCPs. Conclusion . Outdated, preempted, and unclear policies limit the extent to which TCPs engage WTS. Health advocates might target these aspects of TCP reform.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Colditz,J.B., Ton,J.N., James,A.E., Primack,B.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160105
PMCID
PMC4935627
Editors
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| Levels of exhaled carbon monoxide in healthy active and passive smokers | 2015 | Read more... | |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Przeglad lekarski
Periodical, Abbrev.
Przegl.Lek.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
72
Issue
3
Start Page
99
Other Pages
102
Notes
JID: 19840720R; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish
Place of Publication
Poland
ISSN/ISBN
0033-2240; 0033-2240
Accession Number
PMID: 26731862
Language
eng
SubFile
Clinical Study; Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26731862
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoke is the major and most common indoor source of carbon monoxide. CO combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) which hinders oxygen transport and causes myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. CO damages the endothelium of large and medium arteries and contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Participants in the study included 148 active and 306 passive smokers. In both groups the largest proportion of respondents were aged 30-49. Numbers of male and female participants were identical among the active smokers, while the majority of the passive smokers were women. Majority of the participants in both groups lived in large towns (over 100,000 inhabitants). The levels of exhaled CO were measured with Micro+smokerlyzer distributed in Poland by Synecpol. Every participant was provided with relevant instructions and the test was conducted by trained researchers. RESULTS: The mean level of exhaled carbon monoxide in active smokers was 12.57 ppm with higher levels found in men. The highest mean level of eCO was found in participants with body weight between 60 kg and 80 kg (mean eCO = 13.39 ppm). The highest levels were observed in participants living in towns with 51,000-100,000 inhabitants. In passive smokers, the mean level of exhaled carbon monoxide was 3.55 +/- 1.26 ppm with higher levels found in men. CONCLUSIONS: For non-smokers, the study identified a significant relationship between the level of exhaled CO and the participants' gender (p
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Krzych-Falta,E., Modzelewska,D., Samolinski,B.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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