WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students--United States, 2014	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 2-Oct Volume 64 Issue 38 Start Page 1066 Other Pages 1070 Notes JID: 7802429; 0 (Flavoring Agents); epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 26421418 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.15585/mmwr.mm6438a2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26421418 Abstract The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act prohibits "characterizing flavors" (e.g., candy, fruit, and chocolate) other than tobacco and menthol in cigarettes; however, characterizing flavors are not currently prohibited in other tobacco products. Analyses of retail sales data suggest that U.S. consumption of flavored noncigarette tobacco products, including flavored cigars and flavored e-cigarettes, has increased in recent years. There is growing concern that widely marketed varieties of new and existing flavored tobacco products might appeal to youths (2) and could be contributing to recent increases in the use of tobacco products, including e-cigarettes and hookah, among youths. CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analyzed data from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) to determine the prevalence of past 30 day use (current use) of flavored e-cigarette, hookah tobacco, cigar, pipe tobacco or smokeless tobacco products, and menthol cigarettes among middle and high school students, and the proportion of current tobacco product users who have used flavored products. An estimated 70.0% (3.26 million) of all current youth tobacco users had used at least one flavored tobacco product in the past 30 days. Among current users, 63.3%, (1.58 million) had used a flavored e-cigarette, 60.6%, (1.02 million) had used flavored hookah tobacco, and 63.5% (910,000) had used a flavored cigar in the past 30 days. Given the millions of current youth tobacco users, it is important for comprehensive tobacco prevention and control strategies to address all forms of tobacco use, including flavored tobacco products, among U.S. youths. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Corey,C.G., Ambrose,B.K., Apelberg,B.J., King,B.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151002 PMCID Editors
Randomized Trial of Reduced-Nicotine Standards for Cigarettes	2015	From the Departments of Psychology (E.C.D., R.L.D., S.S.D., T.L.) and Medicine (H.T.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; the Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI (J.W.T.); the Division of Biostatistics, School of	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The New England journal of medicine Periodical, Abbrev. N.Engl.J.Med. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 373 Issue 14 Start Page 1340 Other Pages 1349 Notes LR: 20160401; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01681875; GR: P30 CA016672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA077598/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 ES013508/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: U54 DA031659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: U54 DA031659/D Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1533-4406; 0028-4793 Accession Number PMID: 26422724 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; AIM; IM DOI 10.1056/NEJMsa1502403 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26422724 Abstract BACKGROUND: The Food and Drug Administration can set standards that reduce the nicotine content of cigarettes. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial between June 2013 and July 2014 at 10 sites. Eligibility criteria included an age of 18 years or older, smoking of five or more cigarettes per day, and no current interest in quitting smoking. Participants were randomly assigned to smoke for 6 weeks either their usual brand of cigarettes or one of six types of investigational cigarettes, provided free. The investigational cigarettes had nicotine content ranging from 15.8 mg per gram of tobacco (typical of commercial brands) to 0.4 mg per gram. The primary outcome was the number of cigarettes smoked per day during week 6. RESULTS: A total of 840 participants underwent randomization, and 780 completed the 6-week study. During week 6, the average number of cigarettes smoked per day was lower for participants randomly assigned to cigarettes containing 2.4, 1.3, or 0.4 mg of nicotine per gram of tobacco (16.5, 16.3, and 14.9 cigarettes, respectively) than for participants randomly assigned to their usual brand or to cigarettes containing 15.8 mg per gram (22.2 and 21.3 cigarettes, respectively; P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Donny,E.C., Denlinger,R.L., Tidey,J.W., Koopmeiners,J.S., Benowitz,N.L., Vandrey,R.G., al'Absi,M., Carmella,S.G., Cinciripini,P.M., Dermody,S.S., Drobes,D.J., Hecht,S.S., Jensen,J., Lane,T., Le,C.T., McClernon,F.J., Montoya,I.D., Murphy,S.E., Robinson,J.D., Stitzer,M.L., Strasser,A.A., Tindle,H., Hatsukami,D.K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4642683 Editors
Frequency of Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students--United States, 2014	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 2-Oct Volume 64 Issue 38 Start Page 1061 Other Pages 1065 Notes JID: 7802429; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 26422781 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.15585/mmwr.mm6438a1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26422781 Abstract The use of tobacco products during adolescence increases the risk for adverse health effects and lifelong nicotine addiction. In 2014, an estimated 4.6 million middle and high school students were current users of any tobacco product, of whom an estimated 2.2 million were current users of two or more types of tobacco products. Symptoms of nicotine dependence are increased for multiple tobacco product users compared with single-product users. CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analyzed data from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) to determine how frequently (the number of days in the preceding 30 days) U.S. middle school (grades 6-8) and high school (grades 9-12) students used cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco products. Among current users (>/=1 day during the preceding 30 days) in high school, frequent use (>/=20 days during the preceding 30 days) was most prevalent among smokeless tobacco users (42.0%), followed by cigarette smokers (31.6%), e-cigarette users (15.5%), and cigar smokers (13.1%); a similar pattern was observed for those who used during all 30 days. Among current users in middle school, frequent use was greatest among smokeless tobacco users (29.2%), followed by cigarette smokers (20.0%), cigar smokers (13.2%) and e-cigarette users (11.8%). Current use of two or more types of tobacco products was common, even among students who used tobacco products 1-5 days during the preceding 30 days: 77.3% for cigar smokers, 76.9% for cigarette smokers, 63.4% for smokeless tobacco users, and 54.8% for e-cigarettes users. Preventing youths from initiating the use of any tobacco product is important to tobacco use prevention and control strategies in the United States. Monitoring the frequency and patterns of tobacco use among youths, including the use of two or more tobacco products, is important to inform evidence-based interventions to prevent and reduce all forms of tobacco use among youths. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Neff,L.J., Arrazola,R.A., Caraballo,R.S., Corey,C.G., Cox,S., King,B.A., Choiniere,C.J., Husten,C.G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151002 PMCID Editors
Nicotine delivery, tolerability and reduction of smoking urge in smokers following short-term use of one brand of electronic cigarettes	2015	ITG Brands, LLC, A.W. Spears Research Center, R&D, Department of Scientific Affairs, 420 N. English Street, P.O. Box 21688, Greensboro, NC, 27420-1688, USA. carl.d'ruiz@itgbrands.com.; Celerion, Lincoln, NE, USA. donald.graff@celerion.com.; Lorillard Toba	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 30-Sep Volume 15 Issue Start Page 991 Other Pages 015-2349-2 Notes LR: 20151004; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02210754; JID: 100968562; 1490-04-6 (Menthol); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC4588874; 2015/04/06 [received]; 2015/09/24 [accepted]; 2015/09/30 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 26424091 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-2349-2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26424091 Abstract BACKGROUND: This randomized, partially single-blinded, 6-period crossover clinical study of adult smokers compared the nicotine pharmacokinetics, impacts on smoking urge and tolerability of various formulations of one brand of e-cigarettes with that of a tobacco cigarette. METHODS: Five e-cigarettes with different e-liquid formulations containing 1.6 % and 2.4 % nicotine and a conventional tobacco cigarette were randomized among 24 subjects under two exposure sessions consisting of a 30-min controlled and a one-hour ad lib use period to assess plasma nicotine levels, impacts on smoking urge and adverse events. The 30-min controlled use session comprised an intensive use of the e-cigarettes with a total of 50 puffs taken every 30 s for comparison to a single conventional cigarette having a typical machine-measured nicotine yield (~0.8 mg). Ad lib product use conditions provided insight into more naturalistic product use behaviors and their accompanying smoking urge reductions. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed by the Principal Investigator. RESULTS: Significant (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors D'Ruiz,C.D., Graff,D.W., Yan,X.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150930 PMCID PMC4588874 Editors
Psycho-social Needs Impact on Hookah Smoking Initiation among Women: A Qualitative Study from Iran	2015	Community-Based Participatory Research Center, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Reproductive Health, Prenatal and Delivery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form 24-Aug Volume 6 Issue Start Page 79 Other Pages 7802.163374. eCollection 2015 Notes LR: 20151004; JID: 101535380; OID: NLM: PMC4564902; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015 [ecollection]; 2014/06/08 [received]; 2015/04/13 [accepted]; 2015/08/24 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication Iran ISSN/ISBN 2008-7802; 2008-7802 Accession Number PMID: 26425334 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.4103/2008-7802.163374 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26425334 Abstract BACKGROUND: In Iranian women, the use of hookah is the most common method of tobacco smoking. This study aimed to find the role of psycho-social needs and gaps as a possible risk factor for hookah smoking initiation in women. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted during 2012-2013 in Tehran, Iran. Thirty-six women participated in the study. They were current or former users of hookah. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews and was analyzed through content analysis. RESULTS: Four main categories were identified from the data. This study focused on the category: Psycho-social needs and gaps. This category has five sub-categories which explain why women begin to smoke hookah including curiosity; desire for non-feminine, forbidden, and negative activities; need for amusement and recreation; for others: To show off; attract attention; satisfy and join others and protection. CONCLUSIONS: From this study, a variety of factors which contribute to the initiation of hookah smoking among women have been identified. Keeping young girls and women away from seemingly happy gatherings of hookah smokers; Providing appropriate recreational facilities for young women and training families on how to help their children in the event of a crisis-like intention to take up smoking behavior, can be some effective ways for reducing hookah smoking initiation among women. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Baheiraei,A., Shahbazi Sighaldeh,S., Ebadi,A., Kelishadi,R., Majdzadeh,S.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150824 PMCID PMC4564902 Editors
Cannabis in France, new insights	2014		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medecine Periodical, Abbrev. Bull.Acad.Natl.Med. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 198 Issue 3 Start Page 517 Other Pages 526 Notes LR: 20160601; JID: 7503383; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0001-4079; 0001-4079 Accession Number PMID: 26427294 Language fre SubFile English Abstract; Introductory Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26427294 Abstract France holds the record for cannabis use in Europe, especially among adolescents. This drug of abuse is thus mainly used during a very sensitive period of brain development, education, vehicle driving and development of life projects. In addition, synthetic derivatives of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which are more noxious than cannabis itself are now appearing on the market. Traficking and cultivation for personnal use have intensified; products proposed for sale are richer in THC; and some methods of consumption (e-cigarettes, vaporizers, water pipes) increase the supply of THC to the lungs and thence to the body and brain. It is in this context that attempts are being made to legalize this drug of abuse. Other attempts are made to disguise it as a medication. Meanwhile, the list of its psychic as well as physical damages grows longer, with some very severe cases of major injuries. This evolution takes place in spite of numerous warnings expressed by the French Academy of Medicine. Subsequently, it is prompted to carefully and vigorously denounce these events. This will be the aim of this thematic session. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Costentin,J. Original/Translated Title La situation actuelle du cannabis en France URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparison of Clinical and Radiographic Periodontal Status Between Habitual Water-Pipe Smokers and Cigarette Smokers	2016	Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.; Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Environmental Medicine,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 87 Issue 2 Start Page 142 Other Pages 147 Notes JID: 8000345; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/10/02 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1943-3670; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 26430928 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2015.150235 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26430928 Abstract BACKGROUND: There is a dearth of studies that have compared clinical and radiologic markers of periodontal inflammation between water-pipe smokers (WPs) and cigarette smokers (CSs). The aim of the present study is to compare the clinical and radiographic periodontal status between habitual WPs and CSs. METHODS: In total, 200 males (50 WPs, 50 CSs, and 100 controls) with comparable mean age and education were included. Demographic information was recorded using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], clinical attachment loss [AL], and marginal bone loss [MBL]) and numbers of missing teeth (MT) were recorded. RESULTS: The duration of each smoking session for WPs and CSs was 50.2 +/- 6.7 and 15.3 +/- 0.4 minutes, respectively. Number of MT [P /=4 mm [P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Javed,F., Al-Kheraif,A.A., Rahman,I., Millan-Luongo,L.T., Feng,C., Yunker,M., Malmstrom,H., Romanos,G.E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151002 PMCID Editors
Lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide among petroleum refinery workers	2015	Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; Clinical Physiology, Department of Physiology (29), College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 1	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) Periodical, Abbrev. J.Occup.Med.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form 1-Oct Volume 10 Issue Start Page 37 Other Pages 015-0080-7. eCollection 2015 Notes LR: 20151007; JID: 101245790; OID: NLM: PMC4591067; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015 [ecollection]; 2015/06/10 [received]; 2015/09/21 [accepted]; 2015/10/01 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1745-6673; 1745-6673 Accession Number PMID: 26435731 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1186/s12995-015-0080-7 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26435731 Abstract BACKGROUND: Occupational and environmental exposure to petroleum refinery products poses a great threat to human health. This study aimed to assess the lung function and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) among petroleum refinery workers. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 112 participants (56 petroleum refinery workers with mean age 35.20 +/- 1.62 years, and 56 age, weight, height, ethnicity and socioeconomically matched control subjects with mean age 30.02 +/- 1.76 years) were recruited. A comprehensive clinical history and examination was conducted to decide whether to include in the study or not. Ventilatory lung function test parameters were recorded by using a Spirometer and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) was measured by Niox Mino. RESULTS: A significant decline in lung function parameters FEV1 (p = 0.0001), FEV1/FVC Ratio (p = 0.01), PEF (p = 0.0001), FEF 25 % (p = 0.0001), FEF-50 % (p = 0.012) was observed among oil refinery workers compared to their matched controls. However, there was no difference in the mean values of FeNO between the groups. CONCLUSION: Subjects working in the petroleum refinery have significantly impaired lung functions. However, there was no change in the values of FENO between the groups. The lung function impairment pattern provide evidence in the favor of an obstructive lung disease. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Meo,S.A., Alrashed,A.H., Almana,A.A., Altheiban,Y.I., Aldosari,M.S., Almudarra,N.F., Alwabel,S.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151001 PMCID PMC4591067 Editors
Establishment of an Ebola Treatment Unit and Laboratory - Bombali District, Sierra Leone, July 2014-January 2015	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 9-Oct Volume 64 Issue 39 Start Page 1108 Other Pages 1111 Notes JID: 7802429; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 26447483 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.15585/mmwr.mm6439a4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26447483 Abstract The first confirmed case of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) in Sierra Leone related to the ongoing epidemic in West Africa occurred in May 2014, and the outbreak quickly spread. To date, 8,704 Ebola cases and 3,955 Ebola deaths have been confirmed in Sierra Leone. The first Ebola treatment units (ETUs) in Sierra Leone were established in the eastern districts of Kenema and Kailahun, where the first Ebola cases were detected, and these districts were also the first to control the epidemic. By September and October 2014, districts in the western and northern provinces, including Bombali, had the highest case counts, but additional ETUs outside of the eastern province were not operational for weeks to months. Bombali became one of the most heavily affected districts in Sierra Leone, with 873 confirmed patients with Ebola during July-November 2014. The first ETU and laboratory in Bombali District were established in late November and early December 2014, respectively. T- evaluate the impact of the first ETU and laboratory becoming operational in Bombali on outbreak control, the Bombali Ebola surveillance team assessed epidemiologic indicators before and after the establishment of the first ETU and laboratory in Bombali. After the establishment of the ETU and laboratory, the interval from symptom onset to laboratory result and from specimen collection to laboratory result decreased. By providing treatment to Ebola patients and isolating contagious persons to halt ongoing community transmission, ETUs play a critical role in breaking chains of transmission and preventing uncontrolled spread of Ebola (4). Prioritizing and expediting the establishment of an ETU and laboratory by pre-positioning resources needed to provide capacity for isolation, testing, and treatment of Ebola are essential aspects of pre-outbreak planning. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gleason,B., Redd,J., Kilmarx,P., Sesay,T., Bayor,F., Mozalevskis,A., Connolly,A., Akpablie,J., Prybylski,D., Moffett,D., King,M., Bass,M., Joseph,K., Jones,J., Ocen,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151009 PMCID Editors
Hookah Smoking and Facilitators/Barriers to Lounge Use among Students at a US University	2015	Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA. nadakassem@hotmail.com.; Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), San Diego State University Res	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Health Behavior Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Behav. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 39 Issue 6 Start Page 832 Other Pages 848 Notes LR: 20151013; GR: 5R01CA138192/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: 5R01HL103684/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA138192/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HL103684/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9602338; NIHMS722080; OID: NLM: NIHMS722080 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1945-7359; 1087-3244 Accession Number PMID: 26450551 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.5993/AJHB.39.6.11 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26450551 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine hookah tobacco use, hookah lounge attendance, and facilitators and barriers to hookah lounge attendance. METHODS: A cross-sectional Web-based survey of a random sample of 1332 undergraduate students (Mean Age = 21.2 years) attending a United States university. RESULTS: The majority of respondents (72.8%) had ever smoked hookah tobacco, and 28% of those had ever smoked during adolescence. The majority of ever hookah smokers (81.5%) and a portion of never hookah smokers (20%) had ever been to a hookah lounge. The adjusted odds of ever visiting a hookah lounge were 2.1 times higher among participants who reported that the closest hookah lounge to the university was /= 5 miles away. Facilitators of visiting hookah lounges included friends and close proximity of hookah lounges to campus; barriers included cost of smoking hookah, crowded lounges, and having to be 18 years old. CONCLUSION: Youth are vulnerable to experimenting with hookah tobacco smoking. Hookah lounges provide patrons the opportunity to smoke hookah tobacco with smoker and non-smoker friends in entertaining settings. Our findings suggest that zoning laws and anti-hookah smoking legislation may help curb hookah uptake by prohibiting hookah lounges from opening in close proximity to universities, reducing the density of hookah lounges in cities, and raising the admission age for hookah lounges to 21 years. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kassem,N.O., Jackson,S.R., Boman-Davis,M., Kassem,N.O., Liles,S., Daffa,R.M., Yasmin,R., Madanat,H., Hovell,M.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4594953 Editors

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