WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
E-Cigarette Awareness, Perceptions and Use among Community-Recruited Smokers in Hong Kong	2015	School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.; School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 26-Oct Volume 10 Issue 10 Start Page e0141683 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151030; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC4621055; 2015 [ecollection]; 2015/07/06 [received]; 2015/10/12 [accepted]; 2015/10/26 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 26502284 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0141683 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26502284 Abstract BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are being increasingly used. We examined the correlates associated with e-cigarette awareness, use and perceived effectiveness in smoking cessation among Chinese daily smokers in Hong Kong. METHODS: Daily smokers (N = 1,307) were recruited to a community-based randomised controlled trial ('Quit to Win') in 2014. Socio-demographic characteristics, conventional cigarette smoking status, nicotine addiction level, quit attempts, quit intention, e-cigarette awareness, use and perceived effectiveness on quitting were reported at baseline and 1-week follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with e-cigarette awareness, use and perceived effectiveness in quitting. RESULTS: Most smokers (82.6%, 95% CI 80.2%-84.9%) had heard about e-cigarettes, and 13.3% (11.3%-15.5%) ever used e-cigarettes. Most users (74.1%) and non-users (91.2%) did not perceive e-cigarettes as effective in quitting. Being younger and having a larger family income were associated with e-cigarette awareness. Being younger, a tertiary education and a stronger addiction to nicotine were associated with e-cigarette use, which was itself associated with lower levels of intention to quit and had no association with attempts to quit (P for trend 0.45). E-cigarette use, the last quit attempt being a month earlier, having made a quit attempt lasting 24 hours or longer and perceiving quitting as important were all associated with the perceived effectiveness of e-cigarettes in quitting (all P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wang,M.P., Li,W.H., Jiang,N., Chu,L.Y., Kwong,A., Lai,V., Lam,T.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151026 PMCID PMC4621055 Editors
Evaluating health warning messages specific to waterpipe smoking among university students in Jordan	2019	School of Nursing, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.; School of Nursing, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; School of Nursing, Uni(TRUNCATED	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners Periodical, Abbrev. J.Am.Assoc.Nurse.Pract. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 31 Issue 2 Start Page 133 Other Pages 138 Notes LR: 20190520; JID: 101600770; 2018/12/07 06:00 [pubmed]; 2019/05/21 06:00 [medline]; 2018/12/04 06:00 [entrez]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 2327-6924; 2327-6886 Accession Number PMID: 30507761 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; N DOI 10.1097/JXX.0000000000000107 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 30507761 Abstract BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Health warning messages specific to waterpipe smoking (WPS) have not been tested enough in literature. This study evaluated university students' response to such messages. Specifically, this study (1) assessed the extent to which certain warning messages and pictorial signs motivate participants to quit WPS smoking; (2) identified the best location to place the warning signs of waterpipe as perceived by participants; and (3) assessed participants' intention to quit WPS. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 397 university students in Jordan using an Internet-based survey. The following data were collected: intentions regarding WPS, response to nine warning messages, and responses to four pictorial signs. RESULTS: The message that had the highest motivation to quit smoking was " WPS during pregnancy can harm your baby" (79.3%), whereas the highest pictorial sign was regarding "Protect your children" (64.2%). Most (69.5%) participants believed that WPS products and accessories should contain warnings, and the best suggested location was the pipe handle (52.4%). Participants who reported quitting WPS and those who had an intention to quit had significantly higher responses to both types of health warning labels (HWLs). CONCLUSION: Both text-only and pictorial HWLs were found to encourage quitting WPS among university students. Knowing that participants are having an intention to quit mandates extra efforts to make WPS experience less appealing through reminding them regarding its harms. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Support is needed by health care providers to put those effective health warning messages in action. Furthermore, providers can use such health warnings in motivating their patients to quit WPS. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Darawad,M.W., Salloum,R., Alhussami,M., Maharmeh,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A curcumin-loaded liquid crystal precursor mucoadhesive system for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis	2015	School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Campus Araraquara, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Campus Araraquara, Departme	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of nanomedicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Nanomedicine Pub Date Free Form 30-Jul Volume 10 Issue Start Page 4815 Other Pages 4824 Notes LR: 20150812; JID: 101263847; 0 (Drug Carriers); IT942ZTH98 (Curcumin); OID: NLM: PMC4525803; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015 [ecollection]; 2015/07/30 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication New Zealand ISSN/ISBN 1178-2013; 1176-9114 Accession Number PMID: 26257519 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2147/IJN.S82385 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26257519 Abstract Women often develop vaginal infections that are caused primarily by organisms of the genus Candida. The current treatments of vaginal candidiasis usually involve azole-based antifungals, though fungal resistance to these compounds has become prevalent. Therefore, much attention has been given to molecules with antifungal properties from natural sources, such as curcumin (CUR). However, CUR has poor solubility in aqueous solvents and poor oral bioavailability. This study attempted to overcome this problem by developing, characterizing, and evaluating the in vitro antifungal action of a CUR-loaded liquid crystal precursor mucoadhesive system (LCPM) for vaginal administration. A low-viscosity LCPM (F) consisting of 40% wt/wt polyoxpropylene-(5)-polyoxyethylene-(20)-cetyl alcohol, 50% wt/wt oleic acid, and 10% wt/wt chitosan dispersion at 0.5% with the addition of 16% poloxamer 407 was developed to take advantage of the lyotropic phase behavior of this formulation. Notably, F could transform into liquid crystal systems when diluted with artificial vaginal mucus at ratios of 1:3 and 1:1 (wt/wt), resulting in the formation of F30 and F100, respectively. Polarized light microscopy and rheological studies revealed that F behaved like an isotropic formulation, whereas F30 and F100 behaved like an anisotropic liquid crystalline system (LCS). Moreover, F30 and F100 presented higher mucoadhesion to porcine vaginal mucosa than F. The analysis of the in vitro activity against Candida albicans revealed that CUR-loaded F was more potent against standard and clinical strains compared with a CUR solution. Therefore, the vaginal administration of CUR-loaded LCPMs represents a promising platform for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Salmazi,R., Calixto,G., Bernegossi,J., Ramos,M.A., Bauab,T.M., Chorilli,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150730 PMCID PMC4525803 Editors
Review of hookah tobacco smoking among college students: policy implications and research recommendations	2015	School of Pharmacy and.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Drug Alcohol Abuse Pub Date Free Form Volume 41 Issue 4 Start Page 272 Other Pages 280 Notes LR: 20160114; GR: K05 DA031248/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7502510; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/06/09 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1097-9891; 0095-2990 Accession Number PMID: 26057153 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.3109/00952990.2015.1043738 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26057153 Abstract BACKGROUND: About 30% of college students have smoked hookah tobacco. Although most students perceive this product to be innocuous and non-addictive, hookah tobacco increases the risk for disease and nicotine dependence. Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate the manufacture, distribution, or sale of hookah tobacco. OBJECTIVE: Empirical literature pertaining to hookah tobacco smoking is reviewed with a focus on the implications for regulatory policy. METHODS: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases were searched to locate articles published in English. The literature search combined several key words including "hookahs", "college", "advertising", "health effects", and "health policy". RESULTS: Smoking hookah tobacco may play a role in the initiation of smoking among tobacco-naive college students and may portend persistent smoking among those who have smoked cigarettes. College students are typically nondaily, social smokers. They do not perceive that their heightened risk for tobacco diseases and nicotine dependence relates to their smoking behavior. However, few public health messages target college-age adults to counter media messages that endorse hookah tobacco smoking. CONCLUSION: Given that the FDA is not authorized to ban specific tobacco products, policy actions should focus on the development of effective risk communication strategies that target college-age adults and on limiting the accessibility of hookah tobacco products to these adults. Accordingly, a research agenda that would inform these policy actions is proposed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gathuru,I.M., Tarter,R.E., Klein-Fedyshin,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150609 PMCID Editors
Prevalence of illicit use and abuse of prescription stimulants, alcohol, and other drugs among college students: relationship with age at initiation of prescription stimulants	2007	School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pharmacotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Pharmacotherapy Pub Date Free Form May Volume 27 Issue 5 Start Page 666 Other Pages 674 Notes LR: 20140921; GR: R03 DA 018239/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 DA018239/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 DA018239-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 DA018239-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 DA019492/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United St Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0277-0008; 0277-0008 Accession Number PMID: 17461701 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1592/phco.27.5.666 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17461701 Abstract STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between age at initiation of prescription stimulants and illicit use and abuse of prescription stimulants, alcohol, and other drugs among college students in the United States. DESIGN: Web-based survey of college students. SETTING: A large (full-time undergraduate population > 20,000) university. INTERVENTION: A Web-based survey was sent to a random sample of 5389 undergraduate college students plus an additional 1530 undergraduate college students of various ethnic backgrounds over a 2-month period. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Alcohol abuse was assessed by including a modified version of the Cut Down, Annoyance, Guilt, Eye-opener (CAGE) instrument. Drug use-related problems were assessed with a slightly modified version of the Drug Abuse Screening Test, short form (DAST-10). The final sample consisted of 4580 undergraduate students (66% response rate). For the analyses, five subgroups were created based on age at initiation of prescription stimulant use: no prescription stimulant use, grades kindergarten (K)-4, grades 5-8, grades 9-12, and college. Undergraduate students to whom stimulants were prescribed in grades K-4 reported similar rates of alcohol and other drug use compared with that of the group that had no prescription stimulant use. For example, students who started prescription stimulants in grades K-4 were no more likely to report coingestion of alcohol and illicit prescription stimulants (odds ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2-11.5, NS] than the group that had no prescription stimulant use. However, undergraduate students whose prescription stimulant use began in college had significantly higher rates of alcohol and other drug use. For example, students who started a prescription stimulant in college were almost 4 times as likely (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.9-7.1, p<0.001) to report at least three positive indicators of drug abuse on the DAST-10 compared with the group that had no prescription stimulant use. CONCLUSIONS: In concordance with results of previous research, these results indicate that initiation of prescription stimulants during childhood is not associated with increased future use of alcohol and other drugs. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology/psychology, Central Nervous System Stimulants/administration & dosage, Drug Prescriptions, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Internet, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Self Medication/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Street Drugs, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology, United States, Universities Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kaloyanides,K. B., McCabe,S. E., Cranford,J. A., Teter,C. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2377411 Editors
Biomonitoring method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in hair by online in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection	2015	School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.; School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.; School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan. Electronic addre	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.B.Analyt Technol.Biomed.Life.Sci. Pub Date Free Form 1-Sep Volume 1000 Issue Start Page 187 Other Pages 191 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 101139554; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/04/29 [received]; 2015/07/06 [revised]; 2015/07/18 [accepted]; 2015/07/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-376X; 1570-0232 Accession Number PMID: 26245363 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.033 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26245363 Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed from the incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic matter during industrial processing and various human activities, but human exposure to PAHs has not yet been elucidated in detail. To assess long-term exposure to PAHs, we developed a simple and sensitive method for measuring PAHs in hair by online in-tube solid-phase microextraction using a CP-Sil 19CB capillary column as an extraction device, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a Zorbax Eclipse PAH column and fluorescence detection. Seventeen PAHs could be analyzed simultaneously, with good linearity from 20 to 1000pg/mL each as determined using stable isotope-labeled PAH internal standards. The detection limits of PAHs were 0.5-20.4pg/mL. PAHs in human hair samples were extracted by ultrasonication in 50mM NaOH in methanol, and successfully analyzed without any interference peaks, with good recovery rates above 70% in spiked hair samples. Using this method, we evaluated the suitability of using hair PAHs as biomarkers for long-term exposure. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Yamamoto,Y., Ishizaki,A., Kataoka,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150726 PMCID Editors
A new analytical method to determine non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in surface water using in situ derivatization combined with ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	2014	School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.; School of Pharm	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Talanta Periodical, Abbrev. Talanta Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 129 Issue Start Page 552 Other Pages 559 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 2984816R; 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal); 0 (Pyridines); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 7V31YC746X (Chloroform); NH9L3PP67S (pyridine); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/05/02 [received]; 2014/0 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3573; 0039-9140 Accession Number PMID: 25127632 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.027 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25127632 Abstract Because of the high stability and potential toxic effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), it is important to closely monitor their concentrations in the environment using a sensitive analytical method. In this study, a simple, rapid, efficient, and sensitive analytical method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to determine the levels of seven common NSAIDs in various types of surface water. To simplify sample preparation, in situ derivatization using methyl chloroformate was combined with ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction. For selection and optimization of significant variables, experiments were statistically designed using Plackett-Burman design and central composite design. The resulting optimal conditions for derivatization and extraction were 100 muL of chloroform (extraction solvent), 10.0 mL of sample, and 240 muL of pyridine (catalyst as a base in derivatization). The optimized sample preparation coupled with optimized GC-MS analysis in selected ion monitoring mode provided good linearity from 0.010 to 5.0 ng mL(-1), and a limit of detection between 0.0050 and 0.010 ng mL(-1), good intra-day and inter-day precision (0.30-6.3% and 5.1-9.5%, respectively), and good accuracy (relative recovery; 91-117% at 0.20 ng mL(-1) and 77-105% at 2.5 ng mL(-1)). Compared with previously reported methods, the current method requires a small volume of sample and simple sample preparation steps for sensitive determination of NSAID levels using a conventional GC-MS system. The method was successfully applied to determine the levels of seven common NSAIDs in various types of surface water. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Lee,C.H., Shin,Y., Nam,M.W., Jeong,K.M., Lee,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140621 PMCID Editors
Paliperidonium nitrate	2012	School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 1-Oct Volume 68 Issue Pt 10 Start Page o2932 Other Pages Notes JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC3470306; 2012/07/09 [received]; 2012/09/07 [accepted]; 2012/09/15 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 23125719 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S160053681203841X [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23125719 Abstract In the title mol-ecular salt (systematic name: 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]eth-yl}-9-hy-droxy-2-methyl- 1,6,7,8,9,9a-hexa-hydro-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one nitrate), C(23)H(29)FN(4)O(3) (+).NO(3) (-), the piperidine ring displays a chair conformation and its N atom is protonated; the N-H bond is in an axial orientation. The ring bearing the hy-droxy group exhibits a half-chair conformation. The hy-droxy group as well as the adjacent methyl-ene group are disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.823 (5):0.177 (5) ratio. In the crystal, O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN, O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO, N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds connect the components into a three-dimensional network. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ge,J., Luo,Y.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120915 PMCID PMC3470306 Editors
Should any workplace be exempt from smoke-free law: the Irish experience	2012	School of Physics, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental and public health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form Volume 2012 Issue Start Page 545483 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101516361; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); OID: NLM: PMC3368201; 2012/01/04 [received]; 2012/03/17 [revised]; 2012/03/27 [accepted]; 2012/05/24 [epublish]; ppubli Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1687-9813; 1687-9805 Accession Number PMID: 22693522 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; IM DOI 10.1155/2012/545483 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22693522 Abstract BACKGROUND: In 2004, the Irish Government introduced national legislation banning smoking in workplaces; with exemptions for "a place of residence". This paper summarises three Irish studies of exempted premises; prisons, psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes. METHODS: PM(2.5) and nicotine were measured in nursing homes and psychiatric hospitals, in addition to ultrafine particles in the hospitals. In the prisons, officers (n = 30) completed exhaled breath Carbon Monoxide (CO) measurements. Questionnaires determined officers' opinion on introducing smoking prohibitions in prisons. Nursing home smoking policies were examined and questionnaires completed by staff regarding workplace secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. FINDINGS: Ultrafine particle concentrations in psychiatric hospitals averaged 130,000 cm(3), approximately 45% higher than Dublin pub (35.5 mug/m(3)) pre ban. PM(2.5) levels in psychiatric hospitals (39.5 mug/m(3)) were similar to Dublin pubs (35.5 mug/m(3)) pre ban. In nursing homes permitting smoking, similar PM(2.5) levels (33 mug/m(3)) were measured, with nicotine levels (0.57 mug/m(3)) four times higher than "non-smoking" nursing homes (0.13 mug/m(3)). In prisons, 44% of non-smoking officers exhibited exhaled breath CO criteria for light to heavy smokers. CONCLUSIONS: With SHS exposure levels in some exempted workplaces similar to Dublin pubs levels pre ban, policies ensuring full protection must be developed and implemented as a right for workers, inmates and patients. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors McCaffrey,M., Goodman,P., Gavigan,A., Kenny,C., Hogg,C., Byrne,L., McLaughlin,J., Young,K., Clancy,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120524 PMCID PMC3368201 Editors
Six-minute walk distance in healthy Singaporean adults cannot be predicted using reference equations derived from Caucasian populations	2006	School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) Periodical, Abbrev. Respirology Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 11 Issue 2 Start Page 211 Other Pages 216 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 9616368; CIN: Respirology. 2006 Sep;11(5):669-70; author reply 671-2. PMID: 16916347; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1323-7799; 1323-7799 Accession Number PMID: 16548908 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI RES [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16548908 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is commonly used to assess the functional exercise capacity of individuals with cardiopulmonary disease. Recent studies have established regression equations to predict the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) in healthy Caucasian populations; however, regression equations have yet to be established for the Singaporean population. The aim of this study was to determine 6MWD in healthy Singaporeans and identify contributors to 6MWD in this population. We also compared measured 6MWD with predicted 6MWD from two regression equations derived in Caucasian subjects. METHODOLOGY: Thirty-five healthy subjects (32 Chinese, 16 men) aged between 45 and 85 years performed three walking tests using a standardized protocol. 6MWD was defined as the greatest distance achieved from the three tests. Heart rate (HR) was recorded each minute during the 6MWT. Other measurements included age, height, leg length, smoking history and self-reported physical activity. RESULTS: 6MWD was 560 +/- 105 m and was not significantly different between men and women (P = 0.19). 6MWD was related to age (r = -0.36, P = 0.03), height (r = 0.35, P = 0.04), leg length (r = 0.38, P = 0.02) and the maximum HR achieved on the 6MWT when expressed as a percentage of the predicted maximum HR (%predHRmax, r = 0.73, P < 0.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that age, height, weight and %predHRmax were independent contributors (P < 0.01) to 6MWD, explaining 78% of the variance. Predicted 6MWD using regression equations derived from Caucasian subjects exceeded measured 6MWD by more than 75 m (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report 6MWD for healthy Singaporeans aged 45-85 years. The regression equation developed in this study explained 78% of the variance in 6MWD. Published equations derived from Caucasian subjects overestimate 6MWD in Singaporean Chinese. Descriptors Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Body Composition, European Continental Ancestry Group, Exercise Test/standards, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Standards, Reference Values, Singapore, Spirometry, Walking/physiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Poh,H., Eastwood,P. R., Cecins,N. M., Ho,K. T., Jenkins,S. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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