WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Technoeconomic and environmental assessment of industrial organotin compounds	1984	Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, MO 64110	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Neurotoxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Neurotoxicology Pub Date Free Form 1984/ Volume 5 Issue 2 Start Page 141 Other Pages 158 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0161-813X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Current uses of organotins include heat stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), catalysts for polyurethane foam and silicone rubber, biocides, and animal health products. Domestic production consumption in 1982 is about 28 million pounds, and overall growth is estimated at 7 percent per year. Physical properties of organotins, including solubility in water, octanol-water partition coefficients, and Freundlich adsorption isotherm constants, are not well characterized. Analytical methods for tin in environmental and biological matrices involve concentration, separation, and identification by chromatography, spectrometry, and spectroscopy. Environmental fate and effects of organotins are not well understood. Degradation reactions may yield a complex set of products, including inorganic tin oxide. The effects of exposure of workers and release of organotins to the environment at point sources have been documented. Nonpoint sources of environmental exposure include discard and sanitary landfill disposal of plastics and direct release of biocides to aquatic or marine environments. Other dissipative uses of organotins which pose potential human risk include PVC food wrapping and bottles and rigid potable water pipe. The long term health effects of low level exposure to organotins are not known. Toxic metal cycling in the environment, including biomethylation of inorganic tin by naturally occurring bacteria, is of rising concern. Descriptors drinking water, organotin compound, plastic, rubber, economic aspect, food packaging, health hazard, human, intoxication, occupational exposure, toxin analysis Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wilkinson,R. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Variations in 13C discrimination during CO2 exchange by Picea sitchensis branches in the field.	2007	Wingate, L., School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Plant, Cell & Environment Periodical, Abbrev. Plant Cell Environ. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 30 Issue 5 Start Page 600 Other Pages 616 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0140-7791 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We report diurnal variations in (13)C discrimination ((13)Delta) of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. branches measured in the field using a branch chamber technique. The observations were compared to predicted (13)Delta based on concurrent measurements of branch gas exchange. Observed (13)Delta values were described well by the classical model of (13)Delta including isotope effects during photorespiration, day respiration and CO(2) transfer through a series of resistances to the sites of carboxylation. A simplified linear of model (13)Delta did not capture the observed diurnal variability. At dawn and dusk, we measured very high (13)Delta values that were not predicted by either of the said models. Exploring the sensitivity of (13)Delta to possible respiratory isotope effects, we conclude that isotopic disequilibria between the gross fluxes of photosynthesis and day respiration can explain the high observed (13)Delta values during net photosynthetic gas exchange. Based on the classical model, a revised formulation incorporating an isotopically distinct substrate for day respiration was able to account well for the high observed dawn and dusk (13)Delta values. Descriptors carbon, carbon dioxide, water, article, cell respiration, circadian rhythm, metabolism, microclimate, physiology, plant leaf, spruce Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wingate,L., Seibt,U., Moncrieff,J. B., Jarvis,P. G., Lloyd,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The digital water pipe stock plans of Energie- und Wasserversorgung Nurnberg (EWAG) from the standpoint of its internal and external links to other GIS	1993	Wolf, C.A., Energie-Wasserversorgung AG Nurnberg, Nurnberg, Germany	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 1993/ Volume 11 Issue 2 Start Page 119 Other Pages 125 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0735-1917 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In Nuremberg a GIS association encompassing all institutions operating in the public road sector with their specialist applications is currently being formed. The concept originates from a national German recommendation (MERKIS), takes shape in a data structure guideline (DatRi DFK 1000) applicable throughout Bavaria and culminates in the establishment of a local system. At present the measures implemented cover approx. 15-30% of the urban area in spatial terms with active participation by approx. 1/3 of the members of the association. It is intended that the GIS association currently being established will be fully capable of operation by the turn of the century including its core applications. The project is warranted by the synergy effects which are already making themselves felt. Descriptors audiovisual equipment, conference paper, data base, Germany, information system, pipeline, topography, urban area, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wolf,C. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in a chloraminated distribution sytem: Seasonal occurrence, distribution, and disinfection resistance	1990	Wolfe, R.L., Metropolitan Water District, La Verne, CA 91750, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied and Environmental Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 1990/ Volume 56 Issue 2 Start Page 451 Other Pages 462 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0099-2240 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Nutrification in chloraminated drinking water can have a number of adverse effects on water quality, including a loss of total chlorine and ammonia-N and an increase in the concentration of heterotrophic plate count bacteria and nitrite. To understand how nitrification develops, a study was conducted to examine the factors that influence the occurrence of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in a chloraminated distribution system. Samples were collected over an 18-month period from a raw-water source, a conventional treatment plant effluent, and two covered, finished-water reservoirs that previously experienced nitrification episodes. Sediment and biofilm samples were collected from the interior wall surfaces of two finished-water pipelines and one of the covered reservoirs. The AOB were enumerated by a most-probable-number technique, and isolates were isolated and identified. The resistance of naturally occurring AOB to chloramines and free chlorine was also examined. The results of the monitoring program indicated that the levels of AOB, identified as members of the genus Nitrosomonas, were seasonally dependent in both source and finished waters, with the highest levels observed in the warm summer months. The concentrations of AOB in the two reservoirs, both of which have floating covers made of synthetic rubber (Hypalon; E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del.), had most probable numbers that ranged from 300/ml and correlated significantly with temperature and levels of heterotrophic plate count bacteria. No AOB were detected in the chloraminated reservoirs when the water temperature was below 16 to 18Â°C. The study indicated that nitrifiers occur throughout the chloraminated distribution system. Higher concentrations of AOB were found in the reservoir and pipe sediment materials than in the pipe biofilm samples. The AOB were approximately 13 times more resistant to monochloramine than to free chlorine. After 33 min of exposure to 1.0 mg of monochloramine per liter (pH 8.2, 23Â°C), 99% of an AOB culture was inactivated. The amounts of this disinfectant that are currently used (1.5 mg/liter at a 3:1 ratio of chlorine to ammonia-N) may be inadequate to control the growth of these organisms in the distribution system. Descriptors drinking water, antibiotic resistance, article, bacterial growth, chloramination, nitrification, Nitrosomonas, nonhuman, oxidation, priority journal, quality control, ultrastructure Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wolfe,R. L., Lieu,N. I., Izaguirre,G., Means,E. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Narghile (water pipe) smoking influences platelet function and (iso-)eicosanoids	2003	Sinzinger, H., Inst. Diagn./Treatm. Lipid D., A-1090 Vienna, Austria	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Life Sciences Periodical, Abbrev. Life Sci. Pub Date Free Form 2003/11 Volume 74 Issue 1 Start Page 47 Other Pages 53 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0024-3205 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The biological effects of smoking water pipe on haemostasis and the eicosanoid system is unknown. Water pipe smoking is familiar to approximately 1 billion people around the world. Considering this quite impressive number, we investigated the potential effect of smoking the Narghile on oxidation injury by monitoring parameters of the (iso)eicosanoid system. Patients were allowed to smoke a water pipe once daily for 14 days. Blood was drawn from 7 healthy adult non-cigarette smoking male volunteers before and immediately after the first smoking of the water pipe and additionally after 6 hours. One and 2 weeks thereafter, blood was drawn again before and after smoking. A total of 7 blood samples was drawn during the study, and parameters of in vivo oxidation injury (8-epi-PGF2Î±, malondialdehyde [MDA]) and haemostasis (11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 [11-DH-TXB2]) were investigated. A single smoking session increased oxidation injury (8-epi-PGF2Î±: p = 0.03; MDA: p = 0.001) and 11-DH-TXB 2 (p = 0.00003) significantly, and repeated daily smoking induced a persistent long-lasting oxidation injury reflected by elevated prevalues but a smaller response to the actual water pipe smoke. These findings indicate a significant increase of in vivo oxidative stress by regular water pipe smoking. Â© 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Descriptors 11 oxothromboxane B2, 8 isoprostaglandin E2, icosanoid, malonaldehyde, article, blood sampling, smoking, controlled study, electric potential, hemostasis, human, human experiment, in vivo study, male, normal human, oxidation, thrombocyte function Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wolfram,R. M., Chehne,F., Oguogho,A., Sinzinger,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A skim milk stabilized water vaccine for Newcastle disease (B1-type LaSota): its effectiveness under modern commercial cage layer methods of delivery.	1975	Woodward, H.L.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Poultry science Periodical, Abbrev. Poult.Sci. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 54 Issue 3 Start Page 866 Other Pages 871 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0032-5791 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract For flock vaccination, B1-type LaSota Newcastle disease water vaccine was used in chicken under commercial cage layer conditions using two different methods, Swish Corporation pipes and cups, and stainless stell troughs, in an effort to determine their effectiveness. The concentration of virus in trough and cup samples collected at the beginning and the end of the lines were the same except in one instance where little or no virus was transported to the end of the trough. Satisfactory results were obtained when the test was repeated a year later. Serum HI titers determined before and after vaccination demonstrated adequate flock serum titers and indicated that both methods of application were reasonably effective. In laboratory trials, different water pipes (black, polyvinyl chloride pipe and Hart cups, green, polyvinyl chloride pipe and Swish cups, and old, rusty, galvanized pipe) normally used in cage operations were tested. Our findings indicated that dried skim milk powder (DSMP) was essential in stabilizing vaccine virus in the containers tested and that an adequate vaccine virus concentration was maintained in the three types of pipe tested when DSMP was used. Without DSMP the vaccine titers were adversely affected. Descriptors virus vaccine, water, animal, animal housing, article, bird disease, chicken, fat intake, hemagglutination inhibition test, immunology, milk, Newcastle disease virus, oral drug administration, procedures, temperature Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Woodward,H. L., Tudor,D. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure across a bog-forest ecotone in southeastern Alaska	2004	Wurzburger, N., Warnell School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2152, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Mycorrhiza Periodical, Abbrev. Mycorrhiza Pub Date Free Form / Volume 14 Issue 6 Start Page 383 Other Pages 389 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0940-6360 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We examined the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community across a bog-forest ecotone in southeastern Alaska. The bog and edge were both characterized by poorly drained Histosols and a continuous layer of Sphagnum species, ericaceous shrubs, Carex species, and shore pine [Pinus conforta Dougl. ex Loud. var. contorta]. The forest had better-drained Inceptisols and Spodosols, a tree community comprised of western hemlock [Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.], yellow cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don.), Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] and shore pine, and an under-storey of ericaceous shrubs and herbs. ECM root tip density (tips cm-3 soil) was significantly greater in the forest than the edge or bog and ECM colonization was significantly different in all three plant communities. The below ground ECM fungal taxa were analyzed using molecular techniques (PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing). Three ECM fungal taxa, Suillus tomentosus (Kauffman) Singer, Cenococcum geophilum Fr.:Fr, and a Russula species, differed in relative frequency, yet were among the four most frequent in all three plant communities. Although differences in ECM fungal richness were observed across plant communities, unequal sampling of ECM roots due to root density and colonization differences confounded richness comparisons. Using resampling procedures for creating taxon-accumulation curves as a function of sampled ECM roots revealed similarities in cumulative ECM fungal taxa richness across the ecotone. Â© Springer-Verlag 2004. Descriptors article, biodiversity, ecosystem, microbiology, mycorrhiza, physiology, plant root, tree, United States Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wurzburger,N., Hartshorn,A. S., Hendrick,R. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Feasibility of conducting a lung-cancer chemoprevention trial among tin miners in Yunnan, P. R. China.	1991	Xuan, X.Z., Yunnan Tin Corporation, Gejiu, Yunnan Province, PRC.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer causes & control : CCC Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Causes Control Pub Date Free Form / Volume 2 Issue 3 Start Page 175 Other Pages 182 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0957-5243 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Tin miners in Yunnan Province in southern China have an extremely high rate of lung cancer, more than one percent per year among those at 'high risk' (40+ years old, with 10+ years of underground mining and/or smelting experience). The extraordinary lung cancer rates result from combined exposure to radon, arsenic, and tobacco smoking (cigarettes and/or bamboo water pipe). A study to determine the feasibility of conducting a large-scale, lung-cancer chemoprevention trial was conducted in 1986 among currently employed or retired miners from the Yunnan Tin Corporation in the city of Gejiu. The study was designed to answer four questions: (i) Could potentially eligible miners be identified and recruited? (ii) Could intervention agents be shipped successfully from the United States to the study area and be appropriately distributed? (iii) Would miners adequately adhere to the study protocol and comply with the intervention regimen? (iv) Could potential adverse effects be monitored and documented? The six-month feasibility study yielded affirmative answers to each of these questions. A roster of over 7,000 high-risk miners was compiled. Four agents (vitamin A, 25,000 IU; beta-carotene, 50 mg; vitamin E, 800 IU; and selenium, 400 micrograms) were administered daily with placebos to 350 miners according to a 2(4) factorial design. Adherence, assessed by pill counts and serum micronutrient levels, was approximately 90 percent. The findings from this preliminary study indicate that a full-scale, lung-cancer chemoprevention trial in this population is feasible. Descriptors alpha tocopherol, arsenic, radon, retinol, selenium, adult, aged, article, chemically induced disorder, clinical trial, controlled study, feasibility study, human, lung tumor, male, middle aged, occupational disease, patient compliance, radiation injury, risk factor, smoking Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Xuan,X. Z., Schatzkin,A., Mao,B. L., Taylor,P. R., Li,J. Y., Tangrea,J., Yao,S. X., Qiao,Y. L., Giffen,C., McAdams,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Genetic risk assessment in hookah smokers.	2000	Yadav, J.S., Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, India.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cytobios Periodical, Abbrev. Cytobios Pub Date Free Form / Volume 101 Issue 397 Start Page 101 Other Pages 113 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0011-4529 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The genotoxic effect of hookah smoke was investigated on somatic chromosomes of 35 occupationally nonexposed male hookah smokers. These were compared with an equal number of nonsmokers matched with respect to age, sex, drug intake, if any, and socio-economic status. The mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and satellite associations (SA) were analysed. All the parameters showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the smokers compared with control individuals, viz MI, 3.88-5.41; CA, 0.94-2.22; SCE, 3.59-5.66; and SA, 5.2-8.65. A distinct time and dose effect relationship was observed. Hookah smoke is thus, both clastogenic and genotoxic for human beings. Descriptors adult, aged, article, drug effect, human, human chromosome, India, male, middle aged, mitosis, mutagen testing, plant, risk assessment, smoking, tobacco Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Yadav,J. S., Thakur,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Study on Medical Water Processing and Supply System in Field Operation	1993		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chinese Medical Equipment Journal Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 0 Issue 6 Start Page Other Pages Notes ID: 590219 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language Ch SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objective To develop a complete set of medical water processing and supply system to meet the needs of water in field operations for emergency rescues and disaster relief work, filed advance drill, etc. Methods A complete set of medical water processing and supply system was composed of two parts, including water processing system and water supply system. The means of filtrating, precipitating, sterilizing, adsorbing and ion regulating were adopted in water processing system to purify the water from primitive and to pure state for living or medical treatment. The techniques and equipments such as pressurizing, buffering, current regulating and special pipes, valves, fast joints, etc, were adopted in water supply system, and high performance water-pipe network were established. Results The water processing and supply system has some disadvantages, such as water quality guarantee, water quantity abundance, water flow stabilization, water pressure qualification, and system safety, credibility, low failure-ratio, energy saving etc, and can meet the needs of medical water in field operations. Conclusion The water system can be carried out by design optimizing and can realize mobile and emergencies. Descriptors Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/wpro-590219 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors yang guo-bin, yi,su, wang chun-hui, hu xin-yong Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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