WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
The hydraulic calculation of sludge water pipes at sewage water purification plants (Dutch)	1975		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. POLYTECHN.T.ED.PROCESTECHN. Pub Date Free Form 1975/ Volume 30 Issue 26 Start Page 871 Other Pages 876 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract This article proposes to describe the theoretical expectations involved in sewage system design. Sewage sludge corresponds in the study of liquids to a 'conglomerate' in the mineral world, that is, a 'hetergeneous water suspension'. Only three properties are clearly identifiable: the percentage of solid material to water; friction characteristics along the pipe walls; and increased viscosity at higher temperatures. These are discussed in some detail. The formulas of Bingham, Babbitt, and Caldwell are presented in their application to density, coefficient of internal viscosity, friction along the walls, and the graphics of design. Calculations are illustrated by examples. Roles for pipeline design are given for gravity piping and for pump installations. Descriptors sewer, sludge, therapy Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Noz,F. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The hydraulic power generation by utilizing available pressure in water pipe	1990	Waterworks Bureau, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 1990/ Volume 8 Issue 4-Mar Start Page 439 Other Pages 447 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0735-1917 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract It is necessary for waterworks department to strengthen its financial foundation in order to supply the clean water stably. The hydraulic power generation utilizing waterworks facilities contributes greatly to the saving energy as well as the saving expenditures. But we have to consider carefully the problem in introducing the generation equipment into existing waterworks system and have to take some countermeasures against the problem. The problem is mainly the water quality pollution, water hammering and accidents with generation equipment. Further we have to consider the usage of generated energy for increasing the profit of this power generation project. Descriptors conference paper, cost, pipeline, power supply, quality control, water supply, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Aihara,S., Igarashi,H., Fujita,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The impact of a brief cessation induction intervention for waterpipe tobacco smoking: A pilot randomized clinical trial	2018		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Volume 78 Issue Start Page 94 Other Pages 100 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Data Source google Authors Leavens, Eleanor LS, Meier, Ellen, Tackett, Alayna P, Miller, Mary Beth, Tahirkheli, Noor N, Brett, Emma I, Carroll, Dana M, Driskill, Leslie M, Anderson, Michael P, Wagener, Theodore L Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The impact of handicap severity on oral and periodontal status of patients with mental retardation	2014	PHD DDS, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey.; Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.; PHD DDS, Department of Pediatric D	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The journal of contemporary dental practice Periodical, Abbrev. J.Contemp.Dent.Pract. Pub Date Free Form 1-Mar Volume 15 Issue 2 Start Page 218 Other Pages 222 Notes JID: 101090552; epublish Place of Publication India ISSN/ISBN 1526-3711; 1526-3711 Accession Number PMID: 25095847 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI 1526-3711-1266 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25095847 Abstract AIM: Mental retardation (MR) subjects comprise a considerable amount of the community and are susceptible to oral and periodontal problems due to insufficient oral care. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the oral health and periodontal status of MR patients in Turkey with regard to periodontal indices and Decay missed filling teeth (DMFT) scores and compare findings according to severity of the MR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and five MR patients were included to the study and divided into 3 groups according to MR severity diagnoses. Demographic variables like age, gender, disabled sibling, BMI, living an institution and clinical parameters like plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), missing teeth and DMFT scores were recorded from all subjects. Appropriate statistical analyses were used to compare the findings. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between groups according to age, gender, disabled sibling, living status and DMFT scores. Clinical periodontal indices and the number of missing teeth were showed a statistically significant increasing trend with the severity of MR (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ozgul,O., Dursun,E., Ozgul,B.M., Kartal,Y., Coskunses,F.M., Kocyigit,I.D., Tozum,T.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140301 PMCID Editors
The impact of nitrification on soil acidification and cation leaching in a red alder ecosystem	1984	College of Forest Resources, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental quality Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Qual. Pub Date Free Form 1984/ Volume 13 Issue 4 Start Page 586 Other Pages 590 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0047-2425 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The objectives of this study were to investigate the impacts of internal nitrification on soil and soil solution acidity and on the rate of nutrient export through NO3- mediated leaching. This was achieved by comparing soil chemical properties and soil solution composition within a naturally N-rich red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) ecosystem to those of an adjacent Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco] forest where soil N levels were significantly lower and no measurable HNO3 production could be observed. In the red alder system, where > 100 kg ha-1 yr-1 of N were added through symbiotic N2 fixation, the net annual NO3- leaching past the 40-cm soil depth amounted to 3460 mol charges ha-1, and NO3- concentrations in the solutions collected below 40 cm periodically exceeded drinking water standards of 10 mg L-1. The H+ and NO3- release was most pronounced in the forest floor and top 10 cm of the soil under alder occupancy and caused significant acidification of percolating solutions. Less than 1% of the total H+ input from internal (nitrification) and external (atmospheric) sources leached below the 40-cm depth, which was indicative for the strong buffering capacity of this particular soil. The cation displacement reactions involved in this pH buffering caused a 15% decline in base saturation and a significant acidification of the upper part of the soil profile. The presence of large amounts of mobile NO3- in solution triggered accelerated cation leaching, causing a selective redistribution of primarily exchangeable Ca2+ from the A to the B horizon. These field studies lead us to conclude that the rate and the selectivity of NO3- mediated leaching in a red alder system could significantly lower the exchangeable cation pool in the rooting zone or cause nutrient imbalance, if a site is managed for repeated rotations of red alder. Descriptors calcium, nitrate, ecology, vascular plant, leaching, nitrogen fixation, nonhuman, pH, plant, priority journal, soil Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Van Miegroet,H., Cole,D. W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The impact of Ontario smoke-free legislation on secondhand smoke in enclosed public places	2010	Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, University of Toronto, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. bo_zhang@camh.net	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene Periodical, Abbrev. J.Occup.Environ.Hyg. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 7 Issue 3 Start Page 133 Other Pages 143 Notes JID: 101189458; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1545-9632; 1545-9624 Accession Number PMID: 20017055 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1080/15459620903476322 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20017055 Abstract Many studies have evaluated the impact of indoor smoking bans on secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. No studies have assessed the impact of a smoking ban on SHS in enclosed areas outside separately ventilated, designated smoking rooms (DSRs). This study evaluated the overall impact of the Smoke-Free Ontario Act implemented May 31, 2006, on SHS in bars and coffee shops and the impact of banning DSRs on SHS outside DSRs. Air particulate matter (PM) and carcinogenic particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH) were measured in May 2006 before the ban inside and outside DSRs in Toronto venues (13 coffee shops and 14 bars) that allowed smoking only in DSRs, and in Windsor venues (10 coffee shops and 10 bars) where smoking was allowed in shared spaces. Measurements were repeated 2 months post-ban. Air quality index values (AQIs) were calculated. Mixed model analysis was applied, taking into account measurement errors for repeated measures. Post ban, mean PM and PPAH levels were reduced by 87% (from 494 to 67 mm(2)/m(3)) and 94% (from 196 to 11 ng/m(3)), respectively, inside Toronto DSRs. Mean PM and PPAH levels were reduced by 10% (from 124 to 111 mm(2)/m(3)) and 46% (from 45 to 24 ng/m(3)), respectively, outside Toronto DSRs. In all Windsor venues, mean PM and PPAH levels were reduced by 83% (from 488 to 81 mm(2)/m(3)) and 90% (from 107 to 10 ng/m(3)), respectively. All reductions were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). In Toronto venues, the AQI was reduced from the "very unhealthy" range inside DSRs and the "moderate" range outside Toronto DSRs to the "good" range, and in Windsor venues from the "unhealthy for sensitive groups" range to the "good" range post-ban. Pre-ban PPAH levels including those outside Toronto DSRs may be associated with cardiovascular injury. DSRs did not provide adequate protection from SHS. The Smoke-Free Ontario Act produced a significant and firm reduction in SHS exposure in venues both with and without DSRs. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Ontario, Particulate Matter/analysis, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zhang,B., Bondy,S. J., Chiavetta,J. A., Selby,P., Ferrence,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The impact of second-hand tobacco smoke exposure on pregnancy outcomes, infant health, and the threat of third-hand smoke exposure to our environment and to our children	2012	Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, California 92354 USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Przeglad lekarski Periodical, Abbrev. Przegl.Lek. Pub Date Free Form Volume 69 Issue 10 Start Page 717 Other Pages 720 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 19840720R; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0033-2240; 0033-2240 Accession Number PMID: 23421018 Language eng SubFile Editorial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23421018 Abstract Smoking during pregnancy is associated with various adverse effects on pregnancy and fetal development, carries a lot of serious complications such as spontaneous abortion, placental abruption, and reduced birth weight of the newborn. Children of smoking mothers have an increased risk of premature birth, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome and respiratory diseases during infancy. Smoking also causes long-term risk of maternal health problems such as: heart disease, cancer, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and higher mortality rate. Because women are more likely to quit smoking during pregnancy than at any other time, there are attempts to increase motivation and help them to stop smoking at the procreative phase of their life. The article describes interventions that are carried out in Loma Linda, where the educational program "When You Smoke Your Baby Smokes" reminds parents about the health effects of smoking during pregnancy and harmful impact on child's health caused by second-hand smoke. Another threat to health and environment of our children, is the nicotine coming from indirect exposure to tobacco smoke. Residual nicotine that persists in high concentrations on the interior surfaces, including clothing, is forming in the reaction of nitric acid carcinogenic compounds of specific nitrosamines. In addition, ozone and related atmospheric oxidants react with nicotine smoke or smoke coming from the second-hand smoke, giving the smallest particles with high risk of asthma. Efforts towards reducing exposure to tobacco smoke coming from the passive and indirect smoking should be placed at a high priority throughout the European Union. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Merritt,T.A., Mazela,J., Adamczak,A., Merritt,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The impact of structural packaging design on young adult smokers' perceptions of tobacco products	2013	VicHealth Centre for Tobacco Control, The Cancer Council Victoria, 1 Rathdowne Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia. ron.borland@cancervic.org.au	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 22 Issue 2 Start Page 97 Other Pages 102 Notes JID: 9209612; 2011/12/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 22166265 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050078 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22166265 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To examine the extent that novel cigarette pack shapes and openings have on smokers' perceptions of those packs and the cigarettes contained within. METHOD: Using a web-based survey, 160 young adult ever-smokers (18-29 years) were shown computer images of plain packaged cigarette packs in five different shapes. This was followed by packs illustrating five different methods of opening. Brand (prestige or budget) and size of the health warnings (30% or 70% warning size) were between-subject conditions. Respondents ranked packs on attractiveness, perceived quality of the cigarettes contained within and extent that the pack distracted from health warnings. RESULTS: Ratings of attractiveness and perceived quality were significantly associated in both substudies, but tendency to distract from warnings was more independent. Significant differences were found between the pack shapes on attractiveness, perceived quality and distraction from warnings. Standard, 2x10 and 4x5 packs were ranked less attractive than Bevelled and Rounded packs. 2x10 and 4x5 packs were also perceived as lower quality than Bevelled and Rounded packs. The Standard pack was less distracting to health warnings than all other shapes except the 2x10 pack. Pack openings were perceived as different on quality of cigarettes contained and extent of distraction to warnings. The Standard Flip-top was rated significantly lower in distracting from warnings than all other openings. CONCLUSIONS: Pack shape and pack opening affect ever-smokers' perceptions of the packs and the cigarettes they contain. This means that they have the potential to create appeal and differentiate products and thus should be regulated. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Borland,R., Savvas,S., Sharkie,F., Moore,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111213 PMCID Editors
The impact of the Cyprus comprehensive smoking ban on air quality and economic business of hospitality venues	2013	Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, 95 Eirinis Street, Rm 201, 3041, Limassol, CYPRUS. costas.christophi@cut.ac.cy	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 27-Jan Volume 13 Issue Start Page 76 Other Pages 2458-13-76 Notes LR: 20150219; JID: 100968562; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC3567943; 2012/07/30 [received]; 2013/01/16 [accepted]; 2013/01/27 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 23351838 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-76 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23351838 Abstract BACKGROUND: Several countries, including Cyprus, have passed smoke-free legislations in recent years. The goal of this study was to assess the indoor levels of particulate matter in hospitality venues in Cyprus before and after the implementation of the law on 1/1/2010, evaluate the role of enforcement, and examine the legislation's effect on revenue and employment. METHODS: Several hospitality venues (n = 35) were sampled between April 2007 and January 2008, and 21 of those were re-sampled after the introduction of the smoking ban, between March and May 2010. Data on enforcement was provided by the Cyprus Police whereas data on revenue and employment within the hospitality industry of Cyprus were obtained from the Cyprus Statistical Service; comparisons were made between the corresponding figures before and after the implementation of the law. RESULTS: The median level of PM2.5 associated with secondhand smoking was 161 mug/m3 pre-ban and dropped to 3 mug/m3 post-ban (98% decrease, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Christophi,C.A., Paisi,M., Pampaka,D., Kehagias,M., Vardavas,C., Connolly,G.N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130127 PMCID PMC3567943 Editors
The impact of the United Kingdom's national smoking cessation strategy on quit attempts and use of cessation services: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey	2010	United Kingdom Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. jack.gibson@nottingham.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 12 Suppl Issue Start Page S64 Other Pages 71 Notes LR: 20141202; GR: 312/A3726/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: 57897/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: P50 CA111236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA 100362/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA100362/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United S Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 20889483 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntq119 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20889483 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control recommends that provision of cessation support should be included in national tobacco control strategies. This study examines the impact of the United Kingdom's national smoking cessation strategy on quit attempts, use of treatment and short-term abstinence, relative to the United States, Canada, and Australia where less support is provided. METHODS: Data on quitting behavior and use of support were obtained for all smokers enrolled in the International Tobacco Control 4 Country Survey between 2002 and 2005. Generalized estimating equations were used to calculate the relative odds (adjusted by age, sex, and Heaviness of Smoking Index) that smokers in each country made quit attempts, used behavioral or pharmacological support, and to compare rates of short-term (28 days) abstinence between countries and users of different forms of support. RESULTS: U.K. smokers were less likely to have attempted to quit smoking than those in Australia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12-1.40), Canada (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.34-1.67), and the United States (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11-1.40) but were more likely to use pharmacotherapy and/or support from a clinic, helpline, or health professional when attempting to quit than smokers in the other countries. U.K. smokers making quit attempts were significantly more likely to achieve 28-day abstinence than those in Australia (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.71), Canada (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.61-0.87), and the United States (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.42-0.62). CONCLUSIONS: U.K. smokers report fewer quit attempts but are more likely to use support when quitting and to achieve short-term abstinence. Descriptors Attitude to Health, Australia/epidemiology, Canada/epidemiology, Female, Great Britain/epidemiology, Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration/statistics & numerical data, Humans, International Cooperation, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Reduction Behavior, Secondary Prevention, Self Efficacy, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, State Medicine/organization & administration, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, United States/epidemiology, World Health Organization, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gibson,J. E., Murray,R. L., Borland,R., Cummings,K. M., Fong,G. T., Hammond,D., McNeill,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2948139 Editors

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