WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
E-cigarette versus nicotine inhaler: comparing the perceptions and experiences of inhaled nicotine devices	2014	Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Division of General Internal Medicine, 125 Paterson Street, Suite 2300, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA, michael.steinberg@rutgers.edu.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of general internal medicine Periodical, Abbrev. J.Gen.Intern.Med. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 29 Issue 11 Start Page 1444 Other Pages 1450 Notes LR: 20160701; GR: P30 CA072720/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30CA072720/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA036107/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50-DA-036105-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50-DA-036107-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United Stat Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1525-1497; 0884-8734 Accession Number PMID: 24830741 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s11606-014-2889-7 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24830741 Abstract BACKGROUND: Novel nicotine delivery products, such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), have dramatically grown in popularity despite limited data on safety and benefit. In contrast, the similar U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved nicotine inhaler is rarely utilized by smokers. Understanding this paradox could be helpful to determine the potential for e-cigarettes as an alternative to tobacco smoking. OBJECTIVE: To compare the e-cigarette with the nicotine inhaler in terms of perceived benefits, harms, appeal, and role in assisting with smoking cessation. DESIGN: A cross-over trial was conducted from 2012 to 2013 PARTICIPANTS/INTERVENTIONS: Forty-one current smokers age 18 and older used the e-cigarette and nicotine inhaler each for 3 days, in random order, with a washout period in between. Thirty-eight participants provided data on product use, perceptions, and experiences. MAIN MEASURES: The Modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire (mCEQ) measured satisfaction, reward, and aversion. Subjects were also asked about each product's helpfulness, similarity to cigarettes, acceptability, image, and effectiveness in quitting smoking. Cigarette use was also recorded during the product-use periods. KEY RESULTS: The e-cigarette had a higher total satisfaction score (13.9 vs. 6.8 [p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Steinberg,M.B., Zimmermann,M.H., Delnevo,C.D., Lewis,M.J., Shukla,P., Coups,E.J., Foulds,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140515 PMCID PMC4238186 Editors
A new structural element containing glycine-rich proteins and rhamnogalacturonan I in the protoxylem of seed plants	2004	Ryser, U., University of Fribourg, Biology Department, Plant Biology, Fribourg, Switzerland	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of cell science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Cell.Sci. Pub Date Free Form 2004/03 Volume 117 Issue 7 Start Page 1179 Other Pages 1190 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0021-9533 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The water pipes of elongating plant organs are the result of programmed cell death and are formed by the walls of dead and empty protoxylem elements. These protoxylem elements are passively elongated many times by the surrounding tissue before they are replaced and collapse. Well-known adaptations for this unique task include the characteristic secondary wall thickenings, forming rings and helices. A new, clearly distinct structural element containing glycine-rich proteins is now visualized for the first time, using confocal laser scanning microscopy in the mature protoxylem of elongating organs of seed plants. This structural element is arranged along the longitudinal axis of the protoxylem elements. It interconnects the secondary wall thickenings within and between protoxylem elements, as well as the protoxylem with other cell types such as xylem parenchyma cells and metaxylem elements. The structural element is stable against detergent extractions, proteinase, pectinase and cellulase hydrolysis, and is closely associated with rhamnogalacturonan-I, a pectic polysaccharide. The results clearly demonstrate that the cell wall of protoxylem cells is a highly dynamic and complex structure. The typical polysaccharide-rich primary wall of living and elongating plant cells is progressively modified and finally replaced by a protein-rich wall in the dead and passively stretched protoxylem elements. These glycine-rich walls originated early in the evolution of the seed plants as confirmed by the analysis of genomic information. Descriptors cellulase, detergent, glycine, polygalacturonase, polysaccharide, proteinase, rhamnogalacturonan I, unclassified drug, vegetable protein, article, cell elongation, cells by body anatomy, cell wall, confocal laser microscopy, controlled study, extraction, genome analysis, maturation, nonhuman, nucleotide sequence, plant cell, plant evolution, plant structures, plant parenchyma cell, plant seed, priority journal, thickness Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Ryser,U., Schorderet,M., Guyot,R., Keller,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A Study of the Use, Knowledge, and Beliefs About Cigarettes and Alternative Tobacco Products Among Students at One U.S. Medical School	2015	S. Zhou is a first-year internal medicine resident, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan. N. Van Devanter is associate professor, New York University College of Nursing, New York, New York. M. Fenstermaker is a first-year urology resi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges Periodical, Abbrev. Acad.Med. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 90 Issue 12 Start Page 1713 Other Pages 1719 Notes LR: 20160330; GR: 3 P30 CA016087-33S1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: 5 P30 ES000260-49/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA016087/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 ES000260/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8904605; NIHMS706208; OID: NLM: Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1938-808X; 1040-2446 Accession Number PMID: 26308126 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; AIM; IM DOI 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000873 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26308126 Abstract PURPOSE: In the United States, the prevalence of the use of alternative tobacco products (ATPs) (e.g., hookahs, e-cigarettes, cigars/cigarillos) has increased sharply. As future health care providers, medical students will play a critical role in health promotion and disease prevention. This study investigated medical students' use, knowledge, and beliefs about cigarettes and ATPs. METHOD: In 2014, the authors surveyed all students enrolled at one medical school in New York City. The survey included questions about personal use of tobacco products, perceptions about the harms of ATPs and their role in disease causation, education about ATPs, and cessation training and practices related to ATPs and cigarettes. The authors compared results across medical school classes. RESULTS: Of 720 students, 431 (59.9%) completed the survey. Of those, 64 (14.7%) were current users of tobacco or smoking products, including cigarettes (17; 3.9%), ATPs (21; 4.8%), or marijuana (39; 8.9%). Many believed that ATPs contributed less than cigarettes to various diseases. Respondents received less cessation training regarding ATPs than cigarettes (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zhou,S., Van Devanter,N., Fenstermaker,M., Cawkwell,P., Sherman,S., Weitzman,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4810676 Editors
Secondhand smoke in hospitality venues. Exposure, body burden, economic and health aspects in conjunction with smoking bans	2009	Sachgebiet Umweltmedizin, Bayerisches Landesamt fur Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Oberschleissheim. hermann.fromme@lgl.bayern.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) Periodical, Abbrev. Gesundheitswesen Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 71 Issue 4 Start Page 242 Other Pages 257 Notes JID: 9204210; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); RF: 134; 2009/03/26 [epublish]; 2009/03/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1439-4421; 0941-3790 Accession Number PMID: 19326335 Language ger SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.1055/s-0029-1192031 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19326335 Abstract Secondhand smoke was classified by national and international organisations as a known cause of cancer in humans and has many adverse health effects, especially cardiovascular diseases and lung tumours. Global studies have clearly shown that hospitality venues have the highest levels of indoor air pollution containing different substances that are clearly carcinogenic--such as tobacco-related chemicals--compared with other, smoke-free indoor spaces. Data from the human biomonitoring of non-smoking employees in the food service industry confirm this high exposure level. Non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke in these environments are at increased risk for adverse health effects. The consistent protection of non-smokers in public places such as restaurants and bars through a smoking ban results in a significant reduction of the pollutants in the air (mostly > 90%) and clearly reduces the internal body burden for users and employees. Furthermore, health complaints by non-smoking employees are reduced and the higher risk for lung tumours of employees in the food service industry compared with the general population can be effectively reduced as well. According to current standards of knowledge, other measures such as spatial separation of smoking areas or the use of mechanical venting systems do not achieve a comparably high and effective pollutant reduction under field conditions. Studies concerning the economic effects of prohibiting smoking in public places conducted in various countries have shown that beverage-focused gastronomic enterprises experience a short-term down trend but that food-focused gastronomic enterprises do not experience any negative or even positive effects. The positive effects of a ban on smoking in public places on the general population are a decline in cigarette consumption and the reduction of secondhand smoke exposure by non-smokers. Smoking bans in hospitality venues are not necessarily linked with a shift of the tobacco consumption to private rooms and an associated increase of secondhand smoke exposure. A comprehensive smoking ban in public spaces without exemption is therefore an easy and targeted measure for gastronomic enterprises from a health perspective. Descriptors Environmental Exposure/analysis/economics/statistics & numerical data, Internationality, Public Facilities/economics/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis/economics/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fromme,H., Kuhn,J., Bolte,G. Original/Translated Title Tabakrauch in gastronomischen Einrichtungen. Exposition, innere Belastung, okonomische und gesundheitliche Aspekte im Zusammenhang mit Rauchverboten URL Date of Electronic 20090326 PMCID Editors
Occupational exposure of petroleum depot workers to BTEX compounds	2012	Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center and School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mrazari@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The international journal of occupational and environmental medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Occup.Environ.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 3 Issue 1 Start Page 39 Other Pages 44 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101535763; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Petroleum); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); 2011/08/06 [received]; 2011/12/07 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Iran ISSN/ISBN 2008-6520; 2008-6520 Accession Number PMID: 23022850 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 110 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23022850 Abstract BACKGROUND: Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are the most important toxic volatile compounds in the air and could be easily absorbed through the respiratory tract. In recent years, the risk of exposure to BTEX compounds, especially benzene as a carcinogen, has been considered in petroleum depot stations. OBJECTIVE: To assess the occupational exposure of petroleum depot workers in Iran to BTEX compounds. METHODS: After completing a questionnaire and assessing occupational exposure to BTEX compounds, 78 (46 exposed and 32 non-exposed) depot workers were randomly selected to participate in this study. Air sampling and analysis of BTEX was conducted according to the NIOSH method No. 1501. Analysis of urinary hippuric acid, as an indicator of toluene exposure, was carried out according to NIOSH method No. 8300. Personal monitoring of the high exposure group to BTEX compounds was repeated to verify the results obtained in the first phase of the monitoring. RESULTS: Among the 9 operating groups studied, occupational exposure to benzene and toluene was higher in quality control and gasoline loading operators-the median exposure ranged from 0.16 to 1.63 ppm for benzene and 0.2 to 2.72 ppm for toluene. Median exposure of other group members to BTEX compounds was below the detection limit of analytical method (0.07, 0.06, 0.05, and 0.05 ppm, respectively). The level of toluene exposure measured showed correlation with neither post-shift urinary hippuric acid (Spearman's rho = 0.128, p = 0.982) nor with the difference between post- and pre-shift urinary hippuric acid (Spearman's rho = 0.089, p = 0.847) in depot operational workers. CONCLUSION: Gasoline loading operators are exposed to a relatively high level of benzene. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rezazadeh Azari,M., Naghavi Konjin,Z., Zayeri,F., Salehpour,S., Seyedi,M.D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Carbon monoxide fractions in cigarette and hookah (hubble bubble) smoke.	1993	Sajid, K.M., Atomic Energy Medical Centre, Multan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full JPMA.The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association Periodical, Abbrev. J.Pak.Med.Assoc. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 43 Issue 9 Start Page 179 Other Pages 182 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0030-9982 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We studied the carbon monoxide (CO) fractions in hookah and cigarette smoke, using a carbon monoxide micro smokerlyzer (model EC50, BEDFONT, U.K.). Mean carbon monoxide fractions (% by volume) of hookah smoke, using domestic charcoal were 0.38 +/- 0.07 (large hookah; unfiltered); 1.40 +/- 0.43 (small hookah; unfiltered); 0.34 +/- 0.06 (large hookah; filtered); 1.36 +/- 0.35 (small hookah; filtered) and 0.41 +/- 0.08 (cigarette smoke). The highest fractions were obtained with small size hookah and increase in size of hookah (i.e., volume of air in water base, fire bowl volume, pipe length, etc.) reduced the CO fraction significantly (P < 0.001). The fractions of cigarette lie between large and small hookah. The fractions vary slightly with different varieties of tobacco, e.g., CO fractions with Dera wala tobacco are significantly low (P < 0.05). Use of commercial charcoal gives significant rise in CO fractions (P < 0.001). Comparison of filtered and unfiltered smoke shows no significant difference in values. We conclude that the CO hazard is as high with hookah smoking as with cigarette smoking. Descriptors carbon monoxide, article, plant, smoke, smoking, tobacco Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Sajid,K. M., Akhter,M., Malik,G. Q. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Regional distribution of lead in human milk from Egypt	1996	Saleh, M.A., Environ. Chemistry Toxicology Lab., Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chemosphere Periodical, Abbrev. Chemosphere Pub Date Free Form / Volume 32 Issue 9 Start Page 1859 Other Pages 1867 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0045-6535 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Bioaccumulation of lead during chronic exposure and its mobilization and secretion with mother's milk constitute a serious health hazard to the newly born children. Lead levels in human breast milk of 120 Egyptian women representing 20 different governorates throughout Egypt were determined using a graphite furnace Atomic Absorption spectrometer. According to the daily permissible intake (DPI) value established by the WHO of 5.0 Î¼g/kg/d in mother's milk, the mean values of lead were around the permissible level in most of the Egyptian govemorates. However, lead levels in mother's milk from Alexandria, Assiut and Cairo were significantly higher than the permissible value. Higher lead levels in mother's milk from these governorates may be attributed to heavy automobile traffic using leaded gasoline in addition to the use of lead water pipelines in these areas. Descriptors lead, article, atomic absorption spectrometry, bioaccumulation, breast milk, Egypt, exhaust gas, geographic distribution, health hazard, human, long term exposure, maximum permissible dose, pipeline, traffic, urban area Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Saleh,M. A., Ragab,A. A., Kamel,A., Jones,J., El-Sebae,A. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A letter from a Syrian refugee camp in Lebanon: Dr. Aldo Morrone	2016	San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy. aldomorrone54@gmail.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of dermatology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Dermatol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 55 Issue 9 Start Page 937 Other Pages 938 Notes JID: 0243704; 2016/06/21 [received]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1365-4632; 0011-9059 Accession Number PMID: 27509405 Language eng SubFile Letter; IM DOI 10.1111/ijd.13424 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27509405 Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Morrone,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Characterisation of the bacterial community associated with early stages of great scallop (Pecten maximus), using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)	2003	Sandaa, R.-A., University of Bergen, Department of Microbiology, N-5020 Bergen, Norway	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Systematic and applied microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Syst.Appl.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 26 Issue 2 Start Page 302 Other Pages 311 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0723-2020 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA was used to characterise and compare bacterial communities associated with scallop larvae (Pecten maximus), in different production units in a shellfish hatchery. Water and larvae samples were collected from three different aquaculture systems; stagnant, flow-through and a flow-through system with seawater treated with ozone. Samples were also collected from different algal cultures, inlet tanks and water pipes leading to the different aquaculture systems. Clear differences were seen between the bacterial community associated with the larvae and in the water from the different aquaculture systems. However, there were high similarities in the community composition between different water samples and between larvae samples collected at different time periods, indicating a high stability in the bacterial communities. Fifty three percent of the sequences from these samples were similar to 16S rRNA gene sequences of members of the Î³-subclass of the Proteobacteria. The different algal cultures had different bacterial communities, however 73 percent of the sequences were similar to 16S rRNA gene sequences of members of the Î±-subclass of the Proteobacteria. Differences in the DGGE profiles were also seen between the samples taken from the inlet tanks and water pipes, indicating a change in the bacterial community composition as the water passed through the pipes. To our knowledge this is the first study investigating bacterial communities associated with Great Scallop larvae in different aquaculture systems including noncultured components. Descriptors DNA 16S, ozone, RNA 16S, sea water, aquaculture, article, bacterial flora, bacterial genetics, bacterium culture, bacterium identification, bacterium isolate, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, gene sequence, Gram negative bacterium, larva, nonhuman, nucleotide sequence, Pecten maximus, polymerase chain reaction, priority journal, scallop, shellfish, water sampling Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Sandaa,R. -A, Magnesen,T., Torkildsen,L., Bergh,Ã˜. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Social determinants of tobacco consumption among Nepalese men: findings from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011	2013	Sanjeevani College of Medical Sciences, Butwal, Nepal. khanal.vishnu@gmail.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Harm reduction journal Periodical, Abbrev. Harm Reduct J. Pub Date Free Form 20-Dec Volume 10 Issue Start Page 40 Other Pages 7517-10-40 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101153624; OID: NLM: PMC3880042; 2013/04/21 [received]; 2013/12/16 [accepted]; 2013/12/20 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1477-7517; 1477-7517 Accession Number PMID: 24359118 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/1477-7517-10-40 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24359118 Abstract BACKGROUND: In the 20th century, 100 million people across the globe lost their lives due to consumption of tobacco. Every year 15,000 deaths in Nepal are attributable to tobacco smoking and using other products of tobacco. This study aimed to establish the proportion and the social determinants of tobacco use among Nepalese men based on the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2011. METHODS: This study used the NDHS 2011 data. The prevalence of cigarette smoking, other forms of tobacco 16 smoking and use of tobacco in any form is reported as a percentage (%). The significance of association of the statistically significant variables established using Chi-square test was further tested by using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 4121 participants, the prevalence of consuming any form of tobacco was 51.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) (49.6%- 54.3%)]; chewing/sniffing tobacco was 34.8% (95% CI: 32.4%- 37.3%) and tobacco smoking was 33.6% (95% CI 31.3%-36.0%).Men with no education [Odds Ratio (OR) 3.477; 95% CI (2.380-5.080)], from an older age group (36-49) [OR 2.399; 95% CI (1.858-3.096)] who were from a manual occupation [OR 1.538; 95% CI (1.188-1.985)], who were married[OR 1.938; 95% CI ( 1.552-2.420)], and who were from the Terai region [OR 1.351; 95% CI (1.083-1.684)] were more likely to consume tobacco. Men who watched television at least once a week [OR 0.642; 95% CI (0.504-0.819)] were less likely to consume tobacco. CONCLUSIONS: The current study showed that over half of Nepalese men consume tobacco. There is an urgent need to fully implement Nepal's Tobacco Control and Regulation Act which will ban smoking in public places; enforced plain packaging and display of health warnings over 75% of the packaging, and has banned selling of tobacco products to those under 18 years of age. There is a need to increase the social unacceptability of tobacco in Nepal by raising awareness through different electronic and cultural media. Anti-tobacco campaigns should focus on those who are less educated, have manual occupations, are in poorer economic groups, and are from the Terai region of Nepal. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Khanal,V., Adhikari,M., Karki,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131220 PMCID PMC3880042 Editors

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