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The Effects of Brief Waterpipe Tobacco Use Harm and Addiction Education Messages Among Young Adult Waterpipe Tobacco Users	2016		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine Tob Res Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 18 Issue 5 Start Page 777 Other Pages 84 Notes ID: 26438650 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the immediate effects of brief education messages delivered online about harms and addictiveness of waterpipe tobacco use among young adult waterpipe users aged 18 to 30 years. METHODS: Participants (n = 327, mean age 24.8 years, 62.1% male, 77.6% white, 67.8% used waterpipe monthly, 26.4% weekly, 5.8% daily) were recruited online and randomized to one of three experimental conditions: (1) Control condition viewing no messages; (2) Harms condition viewing messages about harms of waterpipe tobacco; (3) Harms and addiction condition viewing messages about harms and addictiveness of waterpipe tobacco. Outcomes included perceived harm and addictiveness of waterpipe, worry about harm and addiction, and desire to quit. RESULTS: Compared to the control condition, participants in the harms condition reported significantly greater perceived harm and addictiveness of waterpipe relative to cigarettes, perceived risk of harm and addiction, worry about harm and addiction, and desire to quit. There were few significant differences in these outcomes between participants in the harms condition and the harms and addiction condition. Mediation analyses suggest waterpipe tobacco use harm messages may increase desire to quit by producing greater worry about harm and addiction. CONCLUSIONS: Brief education messages about waterpipe tobacco use harm increased young adult's perceptions of harm and addictiveness of waterpipe tobacco use and generated stronger desire to quit. The waterpipe tobacco use addiction messages tested had little added impact. Studies should prospectively examine the real-world impact of waterpipe tobacco use harm messages and investigate more effective strategies for designing addiction messages. IMPLICATIONS: This study demonstrates that brief education messages about waterpipe tobacco use harm can increase young adult waterpipe tobacco user's perceptions of harm and addictiveness of waterpipe tobacco use and generate stronger desire to quit. The findings indicate messages on addictiveness of waterpipe tobacco use have no added impact on these outcomes. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv223 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Mays,Darren, Tercyak,Kenneth P., Lipkus,Isaac M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The effects of cigarette smoking on maximal oxygen consumption and selected physiological responses of elite team sportsmen	1985		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Appl.Physiol.Occup.Physiol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 53 Issue 4 Start Page 348 Other Pages 352 Notes LR: 20081121; JID: 0410266; ppublish Place of Publication GERMANY, WEST ISSN/ISBN 0301-5548; 0301-5548 Accession Number PMID: 4039263 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 4039263 Abstract The acute and chronic effects of cigarette smoking on selected physiological responses were determined in seven well-trained non-smokers and seven well-trained habitual smokers. Non-smokers and smokers did not differ significantly with respect to maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). The acute effect of smoking two cigarettes immediately prior to a graded exercise stress test on a treadmill ergometer did not significantly alter the VO2max of either group. However, the time taken for non-smokers to reach exhaustion decreased significantly (F = 5.381, P less than 0.05) by a mean of 0.64 min. Smokers recorded lower scores for forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the 1st s exhalation (FEV1) than non-smokers. Only the mean FVC of smokers recorded 5 min post-exercise was significantly altered by pre-exercise smoking. No differences were found between the resting heart rates (HR) of non-smokers and smokers. Smoking two cigarettes significantly (F = 44.720, P less than 0.01) increased the mean resting HR of smokers and non-smokers by 15.8 beats X min-1 and 15.6 beats X min-1 respectively. No alteration to the exercise HR of either group was found under smoking conditions of the VO2max tests. Descriptors Adult, Exercise Test, Forced Expiratory Volume, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Education and Training, Physical Exertion, Rest, Self Concept, Smoking, Time Factors, Vital Capacity Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Morton,A. R., Holmik,E. V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The effects of improved sanitation on diarrheal prevalence, incidence, and duration in children under five in the SNNPR State, Ethiopia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial	2016	Re-shaping Development Institute, 5 Yangpyeong-ro 12ga-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Korea International Cooperation Agency, 825 Daewangpangyo-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeongo-do, 13449, Republic of Korea.; BDS Center for Developmen	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Trials Periodical, Abbrev. Trials Pub Date Free Form 18-Apr Volume 17 Issue 1 Start Page 204 Other Pages 016-1319-z Notes LR: 20160421; ISRCTN/ISRCTN82492848; JID: 101263253; OID: NLM: PMC4835836; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/11/01 [received]; 2016/03/30 [accepted]; 2016/04/18 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1745-6215; 1745-6215 Accession Number PMID: 27089872 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/s13063-016-1319-z [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27089872 Abstract BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of death, killing 1.3 million in 2013 across the globe, of whom, 0.59 million were children under 5 years of age. Globally, about 1 billion people practice open defecation, and an estimated 2.4 billion people were living without improved sanitation facilities in 2015. Much of the previous research investigating the effect of improved sanitation has been based on observational studies. Recent studies have executed a cluster-randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of improved sanitation. However, none of these recent studies achieved a sufficient level of latrine coverage. Without universal or at least a sufficient level of latrine coverage, a determination of the effect of improved latrines on the prevention of diarrheal disease is difficult. This cluster-randomized trial aims to explore the net effect of improved latrines on diarrheal prevalence and incidence in children under five and to investigate the effect on the diarrheal duration. METHOD/DESIGN: A phase-in and factorial design will be used for the study. The intervention for improving latrines will be implemented in an intervention arm during the first phase, and the comparable intervention will be performed in the control arm during the second phase. During the second phase, a water pipe will be connected to the gotts (villages) in the intervention arm. After the second phase is completed, the control group will undergo the intervention of receiving a water pipe connection. For diarrheal prevalence, five rounds of surveying will be conducted at the household level. The first four rounds will be carried out in the first phase to explore the effect of improved latrines, and the last one, in the second phase to examine the combined effects of improved water and sanitation. For documentation of diarrheal incidence and duration, the mother or caregiver will record the diarrheal episodes of her youngest child on the "Sanitation Calendar" every day. Of 212 gotts in the project area, 48 gotts were selected for the trial, and 1200 households with a child under 5 will be registered for the intervention or control arm. Informed consent from 1200 households will be obtained from the mother or caregiver in written form. DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, this is the second study to assess the effects of improved latrines on child diarrheal reduction through the application of Community-Led Total Sanitation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN82492848. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jung,S., Doh,Y.A., Bizuneh,D.B., Beyene,H., Seong,J., Kwon,H., Kim,Y., Habteyes,G.N., Tefera,Y., Cha,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160418 PMCID PMC4835836 Editors
The effects of Koryo Hand-Acupuncture on the patients with chronic low back pain	2003	Lim, N.Y., Department of Nursing, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Taehan Kanho Hakhoe chi Periodical, Abbrev. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi Pub Date Free Form / Volume 33 Issue 1 Start Page 79 Other Pages 86 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1598-2874 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of Koryo Hand-Acupuncture on health status(pain, trunk flexion, IADL, depression) of patients with chronic low back pain. METHOD: This study used a quasi experimental pre-test and post-test design. Data were collected from December 1st, 2000 to December 20th, 2001. 63 chronic low back pain patients(35 experimental group, 28 control group) admitted to the Back-School and consented to this study. The experimental group participated in treatment : Koryo Hand-Acupuncture and AB-Bong. Two groups was homogeneity. After 4 weeks the effects of treatment on the health status was measured between experimental and control group. Data were analyzed using SPSSWIN 10.0 with crosstab, t-test, and paired t-test. RESULT: In the experimental group, pain(t=4.85, p=.000) and IADL difficulty(t=2.05, p=.045) was significantly lower than those in the control group. It makes no difference trunk flexion(t=-1.60, p=.114) and depression(t=1.50, p=.138) between experimental and control group. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that Koryo-Hand Acupuncture is an effective method for reducing pain and IADL difficulty in patients with chronic low back pain, and is considered as a independent nursing intervention for chronic low back pain. Descriptors article Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Lim,N. Y., Yi,Y. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The effects of nicotine stimulus and response expectancies on male and female smokers' responses to nicotine-free electronic cigarettes	2015	Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Canada.; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Canada.; School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel.; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 40 Issue Start Page 144 Other Pages 147 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 7603486; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/07/09 [received]; 2014/09/07 [revised]; 2014/09/10 [accepted]; 2014/09/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 25261789 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.013 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25261789 Abstract BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been reported to reduce tobacco craving and withdrawal; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been elucidated. METHODS: This study examined the contributions of nicotine stimulus and response expectancies to responses to nicotine-free e-cigarettes in 21 e-cigarette naive smokers (12 male). Participants completed two randomized experimental sessions in which they administered a nicotine-free e-cigarette. During one session they were informed that the e-cigarette contained nicotine and during the other session they were informed that the e-cigarette was nicotine-free. Participants completed subjective assessments before and immediately after sampling ten puffs from the e-cigarette and were then invited to earn additional puffs using a computerized progressive ratio task. Prior to their enrolment in the study, participants provided an estimate of the relative importance of the nicotine content of e-cigarettes for craving relief. RESULTS: Instructions that the e-cigarette contained nicotine were found to reduce both intention to smoke (p=0.017) and withdrawal-related (p=0.018) craving, regardless of a-priori reported beliefs regarding the relative importance of nicotine. Nicotine content instructions were also found to be associated with a shorter latency to self-administration (p=0.005); however, a SexxInstructionsxResponse Expectancy interaction (p=0.008) revealed that this effect was specific to women who had strong a-priori nicotine content craving relief expectations. Neither nicotine content instructions nor response expectancies impacted the number of puffs self-administered. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that nicotine content expectations contribute to smokers' responses to e-cigarettes, and that a-priori beliefs about nicotine effects may be especially important in women. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Copp,S.R., Collins,J.L., Dar,R., Barrett,S.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140918 PMCID Editors
The effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on oxidant and anti-oxidant status in smokers with chronic periodontitis	2013	Department of Periodontology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry, Sivas, Turkey. aysun@cumhuriyet.edu.tr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archives of Oral Biology Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Oral Biol. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 58 Issue 6 Start Page 717 Other Pages 723 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 0116711; 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Benzothiazoles); 0 (Fluorescent Dyes); 0 (Indicators and Reagents); 0 (Oxidants); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Sulfonic Acids); 0 (Sulfoxides); 28752-68-3 (2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)- Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1879-1506; 0003-9969 Accession Number PMID: 23261252 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.11.009 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23261252 Abstract AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum oxidant-antioxidant levels in smoking and non-smoking patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with chronic periodontitis (15 smokers (CP-S) and 14 non-smokers (CP-NS)) and 20 periodontally healthy subjects (10 smokers (H-S) and 10 non-smokers (H-NS)) totalling 49 subjects were included in this study. GCF was collected from at least two pre-selected sites (one moderate and one deep pocket) in patients with CP. In the healthy group, GCF samples were collected from one site. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival and plaque indices, and bleeding on probing were measured. To determine serum total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS), venous blood was drawn from each subject. The GCF, serum sampling, and clinical measurements were recorded at baseline and 6 weeks after periodontal treatment. RESULTS: The study showed statistically significant improvement of clinical parameters after periodontal treatment in both smokers and non-smokers. In the CP-S group, there were no significant differences in GCF TAS levels at both moderate and deep pocket sites between baseline and 6 weeks (p>0.05). GCF TAS levels in the CP-NS groups were significantly increased (p0.05). Serum TOS levels in the CP-S and CP-NS groups were significantly decreased (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Akpinar,A., Toker,H., Ozdemir,H., Bostanci,V., Aydin,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121220 PMCID Editors
The effects of soil and air temperature on CO2 exchange and net biomass accumulation in Norway spruce, Scots pine and silver birch seedlings	2012	Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. jukka.pumpanen@helsinki.fi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tree physiology Periodical, Abbrev. Tree Physiol. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 32 Issue 6 Start Page 724 Other Pages 736 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100955338; 0 (Soil); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); 2012/02/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1758-4469; 0829-318X Accession Number PMID: 22345325 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/treephys/tps007 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22345325 Abstract Soil temperature is proposed to affect the photosynthetic rate and carbon allocation in boreal trees through sink limitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature on CO(2) exchange, biomass partitioning and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi of boreal tree species. We measured carbon allocation, above- and below-ground CO(2) exchange and the species composition of associated ECM fungi in the rhizosphere of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies K.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings grown in soil maintained at 7-12, 12-15 and 16-22 degrees C. We found increased root biomass and photosynthetic rate at higher soil temperatures, but simultaneously with photosynthesis rate, higher temperature generally increased soil respiration as well as shoot, and root and rhizosphere respiration. The net CO(2) exchange and seedling biomass did not increase significantly with increasing temperature due to a concomitant increase in carbon assimilation and respiration rates. The 2-month-long growth period in different soil temperatures did not alter the ECM fungi species composition and the below-ground carbon sink strength did not seem to be directly related to ECM biomass and species composition in any of the tree species. Ectomycorrhizal species composition and number of mycorrhiza did not explain the CO(2) exchange results at different temperatures. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pumpanen,J., Heinonsalo,J., Rasilo,T., Villemot,J., Ilvesniemi,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120215 PMCID Editors
The effects of water pipe smoking on hematological parameters in rats	2014	Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Centre, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ; Department of Genetics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.; Health promotion research Center, Faculty of Health, Zahedan Univ	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Hematol.Oncol.Stem Cell.Res. Pub Date Free Form 1-Jul Volume 8 Issue 3 Start Page 37 Other Pages 43 Notes LR: 20150204; JID: 101511150; OID: NLM: PMC4305380; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/01/16 [received]; 2014/04/23 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Iran ISSN/ISBN 2008-3009; 2008-2207 Accession Number PMID: 25642307 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25642307 Abstract OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effect of water-pipe (WP) smoking on hematological parameters of Wistar rats. METHODS: Thirty-five young male rats (200-250 g) were randomly assigned to five groups (n=7). The control group was exposed to room air and the experimental groups were exposed to WP smoking, using a special apparatus designed to have the ability to keep the rats for 40 minutes every day for 4, 8, 12 and 12 weeks; moreover, one of the two groups of 12 weeks of WP exposer had four following weeks of rest. Blood samples were collected to evaluate red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell and platelet counts. RESULTS: The results showed that RBC count, Hb and Hct parameters were significantly higher in WP smoking rats than the control group (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Miri-Moghaddam,E., Mirzaei,R., Arab,M.R., Kaikha,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4305380 Editors
The effects of water-pipe, cigarette and passive smoking on mucociliary clearance	2006	KÃ¶seoÇ§lu, N., TaÅŸkent, 35040 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tuberkuloz ve Toraks Periodical, Abbrev. Tuberk.Toraks Pub Date Free Form 2006/ Volume 54 Issue 3 Start Page 222 Other Pages 228 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0494-1373 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We aimed to determine the effects of water-pipe smoking on lung mucociliary clearance system using radioaerosol ventilation scintigraphy and compare with cigarette and passive smoking and determine the level of exposure to tobacco smoke by measuring urinary cotinine in each group. Volunteer water-pipe only and cigarette only smokers from various cafÃ©s in Izmir city and passive smokers as control group were included in the study after exclusion and inclusion criteria. The ages, type of smoking, duration and daily amount of tobacco smoked and the medical histories of the volunteers were noted down. The pulmonary function tests (PFT), technetium-99m inhalation scintigraphy and urinary cotinine measurement with enzyme immunassay (EIA) and were performed for each participant. Twenty water-pipe smokers, 23 cigarette smokers and 15 passive smokers were included into the study. There were no statistically significant differences among the mean ages, BMI and PFT parameters of all participants in study and control groups. Mucociliary clearance rates in terms of retention ratio after 1 hour and radioactivity half-life for each lung was lowest in the water-pipe smokers compared to others. Mucociliary clearance rate also decreased in the cigarette smokers compared to passive smokers. The differences in the mucociliary clearance rates among groups were statistically significant (p< 0.05). Urinary cotinine levels were highest in the cigarette smokers and higher in water-pipe smokers compared to passive smokers as statistically significant. As a conclusion mucociliary clearance rates decrease with tobacco smoking, being more prominent in water-pipe smokers in our study. Descriptors cotinine, technetium 99m, article, body mass, controlled study, enzyme immunoassay, human, lung function test, mucociliary clearance, passive smoking, scintigraphy, urinalysis Links Book Title Nargile, sigara ve pasif iÃ§iciliÇ§in mukosiliyer klerens Ã¼zerindeki etkileri Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors KÃ¶seoÇ§lu,N., Aydin,A., UÃ§an,E. S., Ceylan,E., EminoÇ§lu,Ã–., Durak,H., GÃ¼ven,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes: a systematic review	2010		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Int J Epidemiol Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 39 Issue 3 Start Page 834 Other Pages 57 Notes ID: 20207606 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: There is a need for a comprehensive and critical review of the literature to inform scientific debates about the public health effects of waterpipe smoking. The objective of this study was therefore to systematically review the medical literature for the effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review using the Cochrane Collaboration methodology for conducting systematic reviews. We rated the quality of evidence for each outcome using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies were eligible for this review. Based on the available evidence, waterpipe tobacco smoking was significantly associated with lung cancer odds ratio (OR) = 2.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-3.42], respiratory illness (OR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.1-5.1), low birth-weight (OR = 2.12; 95% CI 1.08-4.18) and periodontal disease (OR = 3-5). It was not significantly associated with bladder cancer (OR = 0.8; 95% CI 0.2-4.0), nasopharyngeal cancer (OR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.20-1.23), oesophageal cancer (OR = 1.85; 95% CI 0.95-3.58), oral dysplasia (OR = 8.33; 95% CI 0.78-9.47) or infertility (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.0-6.3) but the CIs did not exclude important associations. Smoking waterpipe in groups was not significantly associated with hepatitis C infection (OR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.80-1.21). The quality of evidence for the different outcomes varied from very low to low. CONCLUSION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is possibly associated with a number of deleterious health outcomes. There is a need for high-quality studies to identify and quantify with confidence all the health effects of this form of smoking. Descriptors Neoplasms/epidemiology, Smoking/adverse effects, Cross-Sectional Studies, Culture, Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology, Female, Hepatitis C/epidemiology, Humans, Infertility, Male/epidemiology, Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology, Male, Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/epidemiology, Odds Ratio, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Risk Factors, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq002 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Akl,Elie A., Gaddam,Swarna, Gunukula,Sameer K., Honeine,Roland, Jaoude,Philippe Abou, Irani,Jihad Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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