WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Bacterial contamination of different components of the waterpipe	2014	Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman, Iran.; Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman, Iran.; Medical Student Research Committee, Kerman, Iran.; Neuroscience Research Center	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Tuberc.Lung Dis. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 18 Issue 8 Start Page 988 Other Pages 991 Notes JID: 9706389; ppublish Place of Publication France ISSN/ISBN 1815-7920; 1027-3719 Accession Number PMID: 25199017 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.5588/ijtld.14.0026 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25199017 Abstract SETTING: Waterpipe smoking is an emerging topic in tobacco research that may have unrecognised health hazards. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether waterpipes are a source of bacterial contamination. METHODS: A total of 15 restaurants and waterpipe cafes were randomly selected from the list of locations serving waterpipe tobacco in Kerman city, Iran. Different parts of the waterpipe devices were sampled, including the disposable mouthpiece, the mouthpiece of the hose and the water in the bowl of the waterpipe. The samples were smeared onto bacterial culture media, including eosin methylene blue, blood agar and MacConkey agar growth media, and incubated at 37 degrees C. After 24-48 h, they were examined for colony growth. RESULTS: Of 285 samples from different parts of the waterpipes, 236 (82.8%) showed positive cultures; the rate of contamination ranged from 69% in the fixed mouthpiece to 96% in bowl water. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (32.9%), Streptococcus spp (26.9%), Neisseria spp (13.7%) and Escherichia coli (9.4%) were the most frequent contaminants. CONCLUSION: Waterpipes are frequently contaminated with microorganisms. This study revealed potential microbial hazards in waterpipes that may contribute to respiratory tract colonisation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Safizadeh,H., Moradi,M., Rad,M.R., Nakhaee,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Cigarette smoking negatively affects healing response following flap debridement surgery	2001	Research Center for the Study of Periodontal Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 72 Issue 1 Start Page 43 Other Pages 49 Notes LR: 20071115; JID: 8000345; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-3492; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 11210072 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2001.72.1.43 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11210072 Abstract BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present parallel design, controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the treatment outcome following flap debridement surgery (FDS) in cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers. METHODS: After initial therapy, 57 systemically healthy subjects with moderate to advanced periodontitis who presented with one area (at least 3 teeth) where surgery was required were selected. Twenty-eight patients (mean age: 39.6 years, 20 males) were smokers (> or = 10 cigarettes/day); 29 patients (mean age: 43.9 years, 7 males) were non-smokers. Full-mouth plaque (FMP) and bleeding on probing (BOP) scores, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and recession depth (RD) were assessed immediately before and 6 months following surgery. Only sites with presurgery PD > or = 4 mm were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Presurgery FMP and BOP were similar in smokers and non-smokers and significantly decreased postsurgery in both groups. Overall, PD reduction and CAL gain were greater, although not significantly, in non-smokers (2.4 +/- 0.9 mm and 1.6 +/- 0.7 mm, respectively) than in smokers (1.9 +/- 0.7 mm and 1.2 +/- 0.7 mm, respectively). For moderate sites (PD 4 to 6 mm), no significant differences in PD and CAL changes were found between groups. For deep sites (PD > or = 7 mm), PD reduction was 3.0 +/- 1.0 mm in smokers and 4.0 +/- 0.8 mm in non-smokers, and CAL gain amounted to 1.8 +/- 1.1 mm in smokers and 2.8 +/- 1.0 mm in non-smokers (P = 0.0477). In smokers, 16% of deep sites healed to postsurgery PD values or = 2 mm, as compared to 82% in non-smokers (P = 0.0000). CONCLUSIONS: Results of the study indicated that: 1) FDS determined a statistically significant PD reduction and CAL gain in patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis; 2) smokers exhibited a trend towards less favorable healing response following FDS compared to non-smokers, both in terms of PD reduction and CAL gain; and 3) this trend reached clinical and statistical significance at sites with initial deep PD. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Chi-Square Distribution, Confidence Intervals, Debridement, Dental Plaque Index, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Hemorrhage/surgery, Gingival Recession/surgery, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Attachment Loss/surgery, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/surgery, Periodontitis/surgery, Single-Blind Method, Smoking/adverse effects, Statistics as Topic, Surgical Flaps, Treatment Outcome, Wound Healing Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Scabbia,A., Cho,K. S., Sigurdsson,T. J., Kim,C. K., Trombelli,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Little Cigars and Cigarillos: Users, Perceptions, and Reasons for Use	2016	Research Consultant, Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA.; Associate Professor, Division of Health Promotion & Behavior, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, G	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco regulatory science Periodical, Abbrev. Tob Regul.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 2 Issue 3 Start Page 239 Other Pages 251 Notes LR: 20160717; GR: P50 DA036128/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101655763; NIHMS791953; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/07/01 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 2333-9748; 2333-9748 Accession Number PMID: 27413772 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.18001/TRS.2.3.4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27413772 Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study examines little cigar and cigarillo (LCC) adult user characteristics, perceived addictiveness, use and importance of flavors, intentions to continue use, and reasons for use to inform prevention efforts and regulatory policy. METHODS: Data come from the 2014 Tobacco Products and Risk Perceptions Survey of a national probability sample of 5717 US adults, conducted online, June-November, 2014. The analytic sample consisted of 141 current LCC users. RESULTS: Current LCC smokers were more likely to be male, younger, black or Hispanic, lower SES, current cigarette smokers, and to report poorer health than non-smokers. Perceived addictiveness was low overall, with 73.6% considering themselves "not at all" addicted, although female LCC users and dual users of cigarettes were more likely to consider themselves addicted to LCCs. Use of flavored LCCs was widespread. Flavors were cited as important reasons for use, especially among younger users, as were favorable comparisons with affordability and burn time of cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Most LCC users do not perceive themselves addicted to LCCs. Users report being influenced most by flavorings and affordability, indicating that appropriate regulations and education to improve health perceptions could help reduce use of these harmful products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nyman,A.L., Sterling,K.L., Weaver,S.R., Majeed,B.A., Eriksen,M.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160701 PMCID PMC4939836 Editors
Compliance to the smoke-free law in Guatemala 5-years after implementation	2016	Research Department, Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of Guatemala, 9th Avenue, 8-00, Zone 11, 01011, Guatemala City, Guatemala. jbarnoya@post.harvard.edu.; Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 66	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 12-Apr Volume 16 Issue Start Page 318 Other Pages 016-2960-x Notes LR: 20160505; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4852414; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/10/10 [received]; 2016/03/15 [accepted]; 2016/04/12 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 27138959 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-016-2960-x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27138959 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoke-free environments decrease smoking prevalence and consequently the incidence of heart disease and lung cancer. Due to issues related to poor enforcement, scant data is currently available from low/middle income countries on the long-term compliance to smoke-free laws. In 2006, high levels of secondhand smoke (SHS) were found in bars and restaurants in Guatemala City. Six months after a smoking ban was implemented in 2009, levels significantly decreased. However, in 2010, poor law compliance was observed. Therefore, we sought to assess long-term compliance to the ban using SHS measurements. METHODS: In 2014 we assessed SHS exposure using airborne nicotine monitors in bars (n = 9) and restaurants (n = 12) for 7 days using the same protocol as in 2006 and in 2009. Nicotine was measured using gas-chromatography (mug/m(3)) and compared to levels pre- (2006) and post-ban (2009). Employees responded to a survey about SHS exposure, perceived economic impact of the ban and customers' electronic cigarette use. In addition, we estimated the fines that could have been collected for each law infringement. RESULTS: Most (71 %) venues still have a smoking section, violating the law. The percentage of samples with detectable nicotine concentrations was 100, 85 and 43 % in 2006, 2009 and 2014, respectively. In bars, median (25(th) and 75(th) percentiles) nicotine concentrations were 4.58 mug/m(3) (1.71, 6.45) in 2006, 0.28 (0.17, 0.66) in 2009, and 0.59 (0.01, 1.45) in 2014. In restaurants, the corresponding medians were 0.58 mug/m(3) (0.44, 0.71), 0.04 (0.01, 0.11), and 0.01 (0.01, 0.09). Support for the law continues to be high (88 %) among bar and restaurant employees. Most employees report no economic impact of the law and that a high proportion of customers (78 %) use e-cigarettes. A total of US$50,012 could have been collected in fines. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term compliance to the smoking ban in Guatemala is decreasing. Additional research that evaluates the determinants of non-compliance is needed and could also contribute to improve enforcement and implementation of the smoke-free law in Guatemala. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Barnoya,J., Monzon,J.C., Briz,P., Navas-Acien,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160412 PMCID PMC4852414 Editors
Sports activity and the use of cigarettes and snus among young males in Finland in 1999-2010	2012	Research Department, Centre of Military Medicine, Helsinki, Finland. Ville.Mattila@uta.fi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 22-Mar Volume 12 Issue Start Page 230 Other Pages 2458-12-230 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3325877; 2011/10/18 [received]; 2012/03/22 [accepted]; 2012/03/22 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 22439614 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-12-230 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22439614 Abstract BACKGROUND: Studies of the relationship between sports activity and smoking among adolescents and young adults report contradictory results. We examined the association between sports activity (intensity and type of sport) and the current use of snus (Swedish snuff), cigarette smoking, and the combined use of cigarettes and snus (dual use) among young males in Finland. METHODS: Data were collected from 16,746 male conscripts who completed a survey during the first days of their conscription during the years 1999-2010 (median age 19 years, response rate 95%). Main outcome measures were self-reported daily/occasional use of snus, cigarette smoking, and dual use. The association between sports activity, type of sport, and several sociodemographic background variables was assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Over the study period (1999-2010), the prevalence of cigarette smoking decreased from 42% to 34%, while snus use increased from 5% to 12%, and dual use increased from 7% to 13% (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mattila,V.M., Raisamo,S., Pihlajamaki,H., Mantysaari,M., Rimpela,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120322 PMCID PMC3325877 Editors
3-Isopropyl-1-{2-[(1-methyl-1H-tetra-zol-5-yl)sulfan-yl]acet-yl}-2,6-di-phenyl-pi peridin-4-one hemihydrate	2013	Research Development Centre, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Sozhinganallur, Chennai 600 119, India ; Department of Chemistry, Presidency College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 005, India.; Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 2-Oct Volume 69 Issue Pt 11 Start Page o1598 Other Pages Notes LR: 20140127; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC3884276; 2013/11/01 [ecollection]; 2013/09/04 [received]; 2013/09/25 [accepted]; 2013/10/02 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 24454052 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536813026500 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24454052 Abstract In the title compound, C24H27N5O2S.0.5H2O, the piperidine ring adopts a distorted boat conformation. The phenyl rings subtend dihedral angles of 69.7 (1) and 88.7 (1) degrees with the best plane through the piperidine moiety. In the crystal, symmetry-related mol-ecules are linked through a network of C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN inter-actions, the former connecting them into zigzag chains along the c-axis direction and the latter forming an R (2) 2(4)motif. The dimer formation (C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN) and the repetition of symmetry-related molecules (C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO) along the b-axis direction stabilize the packing mode. The water mol-ecule is located on a twofold rotation axis. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ganesan,S., Sugumar,P., Ananthan,S., Ponnuswamy,M.N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131002 PMCID PMC3884276 Editors
Dynamics and biodiversity of populations of lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria involved in spontaneous heap fermentation of cocoa beans in Ghana	2007	Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied and Environmental Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 73 Issue 6 Start Page 1809 Other Pages 1824 Notes LR: 20140907; JID: 7605801; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 2968PHW8QP (Citric Acid); 30237-26-4 (Fructose); 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid); 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); 3OWL53L36A (Mannitol); Q40Q9N063P (Acetic Acid); OID: NLM: PMC1828797; 2007/02/02 [aheadof Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0099-2240; 0099-2240 Accession Number PMID: 17277227 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI AEM.02189-06 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17277227 Abstract The Ghanaian cocoa bean heap fermentation process was studied through a multiphasic approach, encompassing both microbiological and metabolite target analyses. A culture-dependent (plating and incubation, followed by repetitive-sequence-based PCR analyses of picked-up colonies) and culture-independent (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [DGGE] of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, PCR-DGGE) approach revealed a limited biodiversity and targeted population dynamics of both lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) during fermentation. Four main clusters were identified among the LAB isolated: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, and Enterococcus casseliflavus. Other taxa encompassed, for instance, Weissella. Only four clusters were found among the AAB identified: Acetobacter pasteurianus, Acetobacter syzygii-like bacteria, and two small clusters of Acetobacter tropicalis-like bacteria. Particular strains of L. plantarum, L. fermentum, and A. pasteurianus, originating from the environment, were well adapted to the environmental conditions prevailing during Ghanaian cocoa bean heap fermentation and apparently played a significant role in the cocoa bean fermentation process. Yeasts produced ethanol from sugars, and LAB produced lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, and mannitol from sugars and/or citrate. Whereas L. plantarum strains were abundant in the beginning of the fermentation, L. fermentum strains converted fructose into mannitol upon prolonged fermentation. A. pasteurianus grew on ethanol, mannitol, and lactate and converted ethanol into acetic acid. A newly proposed Weissella sp., referred to as "Weissella ghanaensis," was detected through PCR-DGGE analysis in some of the fermentations and was only occasionally picked up through culture-based isolation. Two new species of Acetobacter were found as well, namely, the species tentatively named "Acetobacter senegalensis" (A. tropicalis-like) and "Acetobacter ghanaensis" (A. syzygii-like). Descriptors Acetic Acid/metabolism, Acetobacter/classification/isolation & purification/metabolism, Biodiversity, Bioreactors, Cacao/metabolism/microbiology, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Citric Acid/metabolism, Cluster Analysis, Colony Count, Microbial, DNA Fingerprinting, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, DNA, Ribosomal/genetics, Ethanol/metabolism, Fermentation, Fructose/metabolism, Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification/metabolism, Lactic Acid/metabolism, Lactobacillus/classification/isolation & purification/metabolism, Mannitol/metabolism, Streptococcaceae/classification/isolation & purification/metabolism, Yeasts/metabolism Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Camu,N., De Winter,T., Verbrugghe,K., Cleenwerck,I., Vandamme,P., Takrama,J. S., Vancanneyt,M., De Vuyst,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070202 PMCID PMC1828797 Editors
Comparison of the bacterial species diversity of spontaneous cocoa bean fermentations carried out at selected farms in Ivory Coast and Brazil	2011	Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 28 Issue 5 Start Page 964 Other Pages 973 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 8601127; 2010/08/16 [received]; 2011/11/19 [revised]; 2011/11/25 [accepted]; 2011/02/01 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1095-9998; 0740-0020 Accession Number PMID: 21569940 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.fm.2011.01.010 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21569940 Abstract To compare the spontaneous cocoa bean fermentation process carried out in different cocoa-producing regions, heap and box (one Ivorian farm) and box (two Brazilian farms) fermentations were carried out. All fermentations were studied through a multiphasic approach. In general, the temperature inside the fermenting mass increased throughout all fermentations and reached end-values of 42-48 degrees C. The main end-products of pulp carbohydrate catabolism were ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid, and/or mannitol. In the case of the fermentations on the selected Ivorian farm, the species diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) was restricted. Lactobacillus fermentum and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides were the predominant LAB species, due to their ethanol and acid tolerance and citrate consumption. The levels of mannitol, ascribed to growth of L. fermentum, were fermentation-dependent. Also, enterobacterial species, such as Erwinia soli and Pantoea sp., were among the predominating microbiota during the early stages of both heap and box fermentations in Ivory Coast, which could be responsible for gluconic acid production. Consumption of gluconic acid at the initial phases of the Ivorian fermentations could be due to yeast growth. A wider microbial species diversity throughout the fermentation process was seen in the case of the box fermentations on the selected Brazilian farms, which differed, amongst other factors, regarding pod/bean selection on these farms as compared to fermentations on the selected Ivorian farm. This microbiota included Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus durianis, L. fermentum, Lactobacillus mali, Lactobacillus nagelii, L. pseudomesenteroides, and Pediococcus acidilactici, as well as Bacillus subtilis that was present at late fermentation, when the temperature inside the fermenting mass reached values higher than 50 degrees C. Moreover, AAB seemed to dominate the Brazilian box fermentations studied, explaining higher acetic acid concentrations in the pulp and the beans. To conclude, it turned out that the species diversity and community dynamics, influenced by local operational practices, in particular pod/bean selection, impact the quality of fermented cocoa beans. Descriptors Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism, Biodiversity, Brazil, Cacao/microbiology, Cote d'Ivoire, Fermentation, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Papalexandratou,Z., Camu,N., Falony,G., De Vuyst,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110201 PMCID Editors
Reasons to use e-cigarettes and associations with other substances among adolescents in Switzerland	2015	Research Group on Adolescent Health, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 10 Route de la Corniche, CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: joan-carles.suris@chuv.ch.; Institute of Social Sciences & LIVES, B	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Aug Volume 153 Issue Start Page 140 Other Pages 144 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 7513587; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/12/03 [received]; 2015/05/21 [revised]; 2015/05/22 [accepted]; 2015/05/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 26077606 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.034 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26077606 Abstract BACKGROUND: The objectives of this research were to describe the main reason(s) why adolescents use electronic cigarettes, to assess how e-cigarette experimenters and users differ based on personal characteristics, and to determine whether its use is associated with the use of other substances among a representative sample of youths in Switzerland. METHODS: A representative sample of 621 youths (308 females) was divided into never users (n=353), experimenters (Only once, n=120) and users (Several times, n=148) of e-cigarettes. Groups were compared on socio-demographic data and current smoking, alcohol misuse and cannabis use. Reasons for e-cigarette use were compared between experimenters and users. A multinomial regression was performed using never users as the reference category. RESULTS: Forty-three percent had ever tried e-cigarettes, and the main reason was curiosity. Compared to never users, experimenters were more likely to be out of school (Relative Risk Ratio [RRR]: 2.68) and to misuse alcohol (RRR: 2.08), while users were more likely to be male (RRR: 2.75), to be vocational students (RRR: 2.30) or out of school (RRR: 3.48) and to use any of the studied substances (tobacco, RRR: 5.26; alcohol misuse, RRR: 2.71; cannabis use, RRR: 30.2). CONCLUSIONS: Although often still part of adolescent experimentation, e-cigarettes are becoming increasingly popular among adolescents and they should become part of health providers' standard substance use screening. As health providers (and especially paediatricians) do not seem to have high levels of knowledge and, consequently, little comfort in discussing e-cigarettes, training in this domain should be available to them. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Suris,J.C., Berchtold,A., Akre,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150528 PMCID Editors
A reliable analytical approach based on gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole and time-of-flight mass analyzers for the determination and confirmation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in complex matrices from aquaculture activities	2009	Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Avda Sos Baynat, s/n. University Jaume I, 12071 Castellon, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM Periodical, Abbrev. Rapid Commun.Mass Spectrom. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 23 Issue 13 Start Page 2075 Other Pages 2086 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2009; JID: 8802365; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1097-0231; 0951-4198 Accession Number PMID: 19504494 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/rcm.4120 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19504494 Abstract The potential of gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) with a triple quadrupole analyzer (QqQ) has been investigated for the quantification and reliable identification of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the EPA priority list in animal and vegetable samples from aquaculture activities, whose fat content ranged from 5 to 100%. Matrices analyzed included fish fillet, fish feed, fish oil and linseed oil. Combining optimized saponification and solid-phase extraction led to high efficiency in the elimination of interfering compounds, mainly fat, from the extracts. The developed procedure minimized the presence of these interfering compounds in the extracts and provided satisfactory recoveries of PAHs. The excellent sensitivity and selectivity of GC/(QqQ)MS/MS in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) allowed to reach limits of detection at pg/g levels. Two SRM transitions were acquired for each analyte to ensure reliable identification of compounds detected in samples. Confirmation of positive findings was performed by GC coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOFMS). The accurate mass information provided by GC/TOFMS in full acquisition mode together with its high mass resolution makes it a powerful analytical tool for the unequivocal confirmation of PAHs in the matrices tested. The method developed was applied to the analysis of real-world samples of each matrix studied with the result of detecting and confirming the majority of analytes at the microg/kg level by both QqQ and TOF mass spectrometers. Descriptors Animals, Fish Products/analysis, Fishes, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation/methods, Meat/analysis, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Tandem Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation/methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Data Source Authors Nacher-Mestre,J., Serrano,R., Portoles-Nicolau,T., Hernandez,F., Benedito-Palos,L., Perez-Sanchez,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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