WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Tobacco consumption in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013: findings from a national survey	2015	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Ave., Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA. mmoradi@uw.edu.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Ave., Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 5-Jul Volume 15 Issue Start Page 611 Other Pages 015-1902-3 Notes LR: 20150708; JID: 100968562; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC4491232; 2015/01/13 [received]; 2015/06/03 [accepted]; 2015/07/05 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 26141062 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-1902-3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26141062 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco consumption is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The Saudi Ministry of Health started a national tobacco control program in 2002 with increased and intensified efforts after joining the World Health Organization Framework Convention for Tobacco Control in 2005. METHODS: In order to assess the status of tobacco consumption in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), we conducted a survey on 10735 individuals aged 15 years or older (5253 men and 5482 women) which was performed between April and June 2013. The Saudi Health Interview Survey had a multistage sampling and was nationally representative. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. The survey included questions on socio-demographic characteristics, tobacco consumption, diet, physical activity, health care utilization, different health-related behaviors, and self-reported chronic conditions. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of current smoking was 12.2 % and males were more likely to smoke than females (21.5 % vs. 1.1 %). Mean age of smoking initiation was 19.1 years (+/-6.5 years) with 8.9 % of ever smokers starting before the age of 15 years. Daily shisha smoking was reported by 4.3 % of the population (7.3 % of men and 1.3 % of women). Around 1.4 % of population (2.6 % of men and 0.1 % of women) were daily smokers of cigarette/cigar and shisha. Receiving advice for quitting smoking by health care professionals during the last 12 months was reported by 53.2 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 49.8-56.5) of ever smokers. Among ever smokers, 51.3 % of individuals reportedly attempted to quit smoking during the last 12 months. Of those, 25.3 % were successful by the time of the survey. Around 23.3 % of the entire population, 32.3 % of men and 13.5 % of women, were exposed to secondhand smoke for at least one day during the past 7 days at home, work, or school. CONCLUSIONS: Although the indicators of tobacco consumption in KSA are better than most of the countries of the Middle East region and high-income countries, there are many potential areas for improvement. Our findings call for the development and implementation of programs to prevent smoking initiation and encourage quitting. To achieve its health goals, KSA may consider increasing taxation on tobacco products as well as other measures. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Moradi-Lakeh,M., El Bcheraoui,C., Tuffaha,M., Daoud,F., Al Saeedi,M., Basulaiman,M., Memish,Z.A., AlMazroa,M.A., Al Rabeeah,A.A., Mokdad,A.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150705 PMCID PMC4491232 Editors
Patent Foramen Ovale in Recreational and Professional Divers: An Important and Largely Unrecognized Problem	2015	Department of Cardiology, Charles University in Prague, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.; In	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Canadian journal of cardiology Periodical, Abbrev. Can.J.Cardiol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 31 Issue 8 Start Page 1061 Other Pages 1066 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8510280; 2015/01/25 [received]; 2015/03/10 [revised]; 2015/03/10 [accepted]; 2015/03/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1916-7075; 0828-282X Accession Number PMID: 26143138 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.03.010 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26143138 Abstract Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is associated with an increased risk of decompression sickness (DCS) in divers that results from a paradoxical embolization of nitrogen bubbles. The number of scuba divers worldwide is estimated in the millions, and the prevalence of PFO is 25%-30% in adults. It is interesting that despite these numbers, many important issues regarding optimal screening, risk stratification, and management strategy still remain to be resolved. Recently published data suggest the possible effectiveness of both PFO closure and conservative diving measures in preventing arterial gas embolization. This review aims to introduce the basic principles of physiology and the pathophysiology of bubble formation and DCS, summarize the current literature on PFO and diving, and review the possibilities of diagnostic workup and management. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Honek,J., Sefc,L., Honek,T., Sramek,M., Horvath,M., Veselka,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150312 PMCID Editors
Waterpipe Use and Susceptibility to Cigarette Smoking Among Never-Smoking Youth	2015	Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. Electronic address: spveeran@utmb.edu.; Department of Community and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.; Depa	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 49 Issue 4 Start Page 502 Other Pages 511 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8704773; 2014/08/23 [received]; 2015/03/23 [revised]; 2015/03/23 [accepted]; 2015/07/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-2607; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 26143951 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.03.035 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26143951 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Susceptibility to cigarette smoking, defined as the lack of a firm decision against smoking, is a strong predictor of regular smoking and addiction. Several modifiable risk factors have been identified among never cigarette smokers, and one potential factor of interest is waterpipe use. The purpose of this study is to determine the association of waterpipe use with susceptibility to cigarette smoking among never-smoking youth. METHODS: In a pooled analysis of 17 Arab nations with nationally representative Global Youth Tobacco Surveys conducted during 2002-2011, tobacco-related information was obtained from 30,711 never-smoking adolescents representing 4,962,872 youth. Study outcome was susceptibility to cigarette smoking, and primary exposure was waterpipe use. Data were analyzed in 2014 using weighted logistic regression models, including stratified models by gender, to determine the odds of susceptibility to cigarette smoking with waterpipe use, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: Overall, 20% of never-smoking youth were susceptible to cigarette smoking, ranging from 13.1% in Oman to 32.6% in Somalia; 5.2% currently used waterpipe, ranging from 0.3% in Morocco to 23.5% in Kuwait. The estimated odds of susceptibility to cigarette smoking were 2.5 (95% CI=1.9, 3.4) times higher for adolescents who used waterpipe in the past month compared with those who did not, controlling for confounders. Estimates were similar when stratified by gender. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe use is associated with susceptibility to cigarette smoking. Study findings identify a novel risk factor for never smokers to initiate smoking and will help the public health community develop and implement policies around waterpipe use prevention. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Veeranki,S.P., Alzyoud,S., Kheirallah,K.A., Pbert,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150703 PMCID Editors
Psychosocial interventions for smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease	2015	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Niesenweg 6, Bern, Switzerland, CH-3012.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 6-Jul Volume (7):CD006886. doi Issue 7 Start Page CD006886 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; JID: 100909747; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 26148115 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD006886.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26148115 Abstract BACKGROUND: This is an update of a Cochrane review previously published in 2008. Smoking increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis but also acute thrombotic events. Quitting smoking is potentially the most effective secondary prevention measure and improves prognosis after a cardiac event, but more than half of the patients continue to smoke, and improved cessation aids are urgently required. OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to examine the efficacy of psychosocial interventions for smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease in short-term (6 to 12 month follow-up) and long-term (more than 12 months). Moderators of treatment effects (i.e. intervention types, treatment dose, methodological criteria) were used for stratification. SEARCH METHODS: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 12, 2012), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX were searched from the start of the database to January 2013. This is an update of the initial search in 2003. Results were supplemented by cross-checking references, and handsearches in selected journals and systematic reviews. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in patients with CHD with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial eligibility and risk of bias. Abstinence rates were computed according to an intention to treat analysis if possible, or if not according to completer analysis results only. Subgroups of specific intervention strategies were analysed separately. The impact of study quality on efficacy was studied in a moderator analysis. Risk ratios (RR) were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel and random-effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS: We found 40 RCTs meeting inclusion criteria in total (21 trials were new in this update, 5 new trials contributed to long-term results (more than 12 months)). Interventions consist of behavioural therapeutic approaches, telephone support and self-help material and were either focused on smoking cessation alone or addressed several risk factors (eg. obesity, inactivity and smoking). The trials mostly included older male patients with CHD, predominantly myocardial infarction (MI). After an initial selection of studies three trials with implausible large effects of RR > 5 which contributed to substantial heterogeneity were excluded. Overall there was a positive effect of interventions on abstinence after 6 to 12 months (risk ratio (RR) 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13 to 1.32, I(2) 54%; abstinence rate treatment group = 46%, abstinence rate control group 37.4%), but heterogeneity between trials was substantial. Studies with validated assessment of smoking status at follow-up had similar efficacy (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.39) to non-validated trials (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.35). Studies were stratified by intervention strategy and intensity of the intervention. Clustering reduced heterogeneity, although many trials used more than one type of intervention. The RRs for different strategies were similar (behavioural therapies RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.34, I(2) 40%; telephone support RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.30, I(2) 44%; self-help RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.33, I(2) 40%). More intense interventions (any initial contact plus follow-up over one month) showed increased quit rates (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.40, I(2) 58%) whereas brief interventions (either one single initial contact lasting less than an hour with no follow-up, one or more contacts in total over an hour with no follow-up or any initial contact plus follow-up of less than one months) did not appear effective (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.12, I(2) 0%). Seven trials had long-term follow-up (over 12 months), and did not show any benefits. Adverse side effects were not reported in any trial. These findings are based on studies with rather low risk of selection bias but high risk of detection bias (namely unblinded or no Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Barth,J., Jacob,T., Daha,I., Critchley,J.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150706 PMCID Editors
Waterpipe industry products and marketing strategies: analysis of an industry trade exhibition	2015	Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.; Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sc	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 24 Issue e4 Start Page e275 Other Pages 9 Notes LR: 20160529; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; GR: R01 CA091021/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United Stat Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 26149455 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052254 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26149455 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Understanding product development and marketing strategies of transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) has been of vital importance in developing an effective tobacco control policy. However, comparatively little is known of the waterpipe tobacco industry, which TTCs have recently entered. This study aimed to gain an understanding of waterpipe tobacco products and marketing strategies by visiting a waterpipe trade exhibition. METHODS: In April 2014, the first author attended an international waterpipe trade exhibition, recording descriptions of products and collecting all available marketing items. We described the purpose and function of all products, and performed a thematic analysis of messages in marketing material. RESULTS: We classified waterpipe products into four categories and noted product variation within categories. Electronic waterpipe products (which mimic electronic cigarettes) rarely appeared on waterpipe tobacco marketing material, but were displayed just as widely. Claims of reduced harm, safety and quality were paramount on marketing materials, regardless of whether they were promoting consumption products (tobacco, tobacco substitutes), electronic waterpipes or accessories. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe products are diverse in nature and are marketed as healthy and safe products. Furthermore, the development of electronic waterpipe products appears to be closely connected with the electronic cigarette industry, rather than the waterpipe tobacco manufacturers. Tobacco control policy must evolve to take account of the vast and expanding array of waterpipe products, and potentially also charcoal products developed for waterpipe smokers. We recommend that tobacco substitutes be classified as tobacco products. Continued surveillance of the waterpipe industry is warranted. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jawad,M., Nakkash,R.T., Hawkins,B., Akl,E.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150706 PMCID PMC4884454 Editors
E-cigarette use among Texas youth: Results from the 2014 Texas Youth Tobacco Survey	2015	University of Texas, School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA. Electronic address: Maria.R.Cooper@uth.tmc.edu.; University of Texas, School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 50 Issue Start Page 173 Other Pages 177 Notes LR: 20150814; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: 1 P50 CA180906-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 CA180906/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; NIHMS705258; OID: NLM: NIHMS705258 [Available on 11/01/16]; OID: NLM: PMC4533923 [Available on 11/01/16] Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 26151581 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.06.034 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26151581 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Several characteristics of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), such as candy flavorings, are worrisome for attracting youth. The current cross-sectional study uses data on e-cigarette use from the 2014 Texas Youth Tobacco Survey (TYTS), a representative statewide sample of Texas middle school and high school students. This study's aims are to determine the prevalence of e-cigarette use, including rates of concurrent use with other tobacco products among Texas youth and to describe the demographic and tobacco use differences between e-cigarette users and non-users. METHODS: Participants were 13,602 6th through 12th grade students in Texas. Descriptive statistics were generated to determine the prevalence of current and lifetime e-cigarette use and to determine the prevalence of demographic characteristics across e-cigarette usage groups. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine differences in demographic characteristics, cigarette use in the home, and tobacco use behaviors for e-cigarette users versus non-users. RESULTS: Almost one quarter of all middle and high school students reported lifetime e-cigarette use and 14.0% were past 30-day users of these products. Current e-cigarette users were more likely to be high school students, white and male than non-current users. Both current and lifetime e-cigarette users were also more likely than their peers to use other tobacco products, although 24.2% of current e-cigarette users had never smoked conventional cigarettes, and 7.3% had never used any other type of tobacco product besides an e-cigarette. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the urgency to regulate e-cigarettes as well as to include these products in tobacco prevention programs. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Cooper,M., Case,K.R., Loukas,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150624 PMCID PMC4533923 Editors
Driving Behaviors in Iran: A Descriptive Study Among Drivers of Mashhad City in 2014	2015	. VakiliV@mums.ac.ir.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Global journal of health science Periodical, Abbrev. Glob.J.Health.Sci. Pub Date Free Form 26-Mar Volume 7 Issue 7 Spec No Start Page 39 Other Pages 45 Notes LR: 20160428; JID: 101519495; OID: NLM: PMC4804039; 2015/03/26 [received]; 2015/03/26 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1916-9736; 1916-9736 Accession Number PMID: 26153202 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.5539/gjhs.v7n7p39 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26153202 Abstract BACKGROUND: Driver-related behaviors are substantial causes for motor vehicle accidents. It has been estimated that about 95% of all accidents are due to driver-related dangerous behaviors and approximately 60% of accidents are directly caused by driving behaviors. The aim of this study was to assess driving behaviors and its possible related factors among drivers in Mashhad city, Iran. METHOD: In a cross-sectional design, a total number of 514 drivers in Mashhad, Iran Surveyed. Manchester driver behavior questionnaire with 50 questions evaluated dangerous driving behaviors in 4 categories "aggressive violations", "ordinary violations", "errors" and "lapses". RESULTS: In this study, the median age of drivers was 31. Besides, 58.2% of men mentioned having a history of driving accident. Our study indicated smoking and alcohol drinking as risk factors of having more accidents. Hookah abuse is a predictor of aggressive violations and errors. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to assess the relation of personal car and its market value with the likelihood of having accidents. Due to major influences of driving fines, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and addiction on violations and errors, we recommend pivotal measures to be taken by road safety practitioners regarding driving surveillance. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mousavi Bazzaz,M., Zarifian,A., Emadzadeh,M., Vakili,V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150326 PMCID PMC4804039 Editors
Association Between Childhood Residential Mobility and Non-medical Use of Prescription Drugs Among American Youth	2015	Department of Epidemiology, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Public Health, P.O. Box 9190, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9190, USA. mstabler@hsc.wvu.edu.; Department of Epidemiology, Injury Control Research Center, West Vi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Maternal and child health journal Periodical, Abbrev. Matern.Child Health J. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 19 Issue 12 Start Page 2646 Other Pages 2653 Notes GR: R49CE002109/CE/NCIPC CDC HHS/United States; JID: 9715672; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1573-6628; 1092-7875 Accession Number PMID: 26156823 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1007/s10995-015-1785-z [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26156823 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Prescription drug abuse is a public health epidemic, resulting in 15,000 deaths annually. Disruption of childhood residence has been shown to increase drug-seeking behavior among adolescents; however, little research has explored its association specifically with non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD). The objective of the study was to measure the association between residential mobility and NMUPD. METHODS: The 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data were analyzed for 15,745 participants aged 12-17 years. NMUPD was defined as self-report of any non-medical use (i.e., taking a prescription drug that was not prescribed to them or consumption for recreational purposes) of tranquilizers, pain relievers, sedatives, or stimulants. Logistic regression for survey data was used to estimate the association between residential mobility and NMUPD, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: After controlling for demographic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community factors, adolescents with low mobility (1-2 moves in the past 5 years) and residential instability (>/=3 moves) were 16% (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01, 1.33) and 25% (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.00, 1.56) more likely to report NMUPD compared to non-mobile adolescents (0 moves). Low-mobile adolescents were 18% (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01, 1.38) more likely to abuse pain relievers, specifically. No relationship was found between moving and tranquilizer, stimulant, or sedative use. DISCUSSION: Increasing childhood residential mobility is associated with NMUPD; therefore, efforts to prevent NMUPD should target mobile adolescents. Further examination of the psychological effects of moving and its association with pain reliever abuse is indicated. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stabler,M.E., Gurka,K.K., Lander,L.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The Role of Family on Hookah Smoking Initiation in Women: A Qualitative Study	2015	. shahbazishirin@yahoo.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Global journal of health science Periodical, Abbrev. Glob.J.Health.Sci. Pub Date Free Form 24-Feb Volume 7 Issue 5 Start Page 1 Other Pages 10 Notes LR: 20160428; JID: 101519495; OID: NLM: PMC4803904; 2014/03/12 [received]; 2014/04/02 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1916-9736; 1916-9736 Accession Number PMID: 26156895 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.5539/gjhs.v7n5p1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26156895 Abstract Hookah smoking has recently emerged as a popular alternative to cigarette smoking particularly among young adults and women. This study focused on the role of family members' smoking behaviours as a possible risk factor for initiation of hookah smoking in women. 36 in-depth interviews were conducted with Iranian women of diverse ages for understanding the factors contributing to the initiation of hookah smoking. Four main themes were identified from the data. This study focused on the role of family as a facilitator for hookah smoking initiation. The results of this study indicate that the entry of hookah into homes can be effective in the spread of hookah smoking among adult and young women, in three ways: Girls' participation in the preparation of hookah and the frequent observation of people who smoke hookah at home can be effective in hookah smoking initiation among young girls; the husband of a young woman has an important role in the initiation of smoking hookah; when parents invite children to smoke hookah at home, in order to protect them against public censure, the mother (a middle aged woman) may intend to start smoking hookah. Therefore, tobacco use prevention interventions should be focused on targeting the family as well. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Baheiraei,A., Shahbazi Sighaldeh,S., Ebadi,A., Kelishadi,R., Majdzadeh,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150224 PMCID PMC4803904 Editors
A Review Study of Substance Abuse Status in High School Students, Isfahan, Iran	2014	Provincial Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Provincial Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Vice-chancellery for Research, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Prov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 5 Issue Suppl 2 Start Page S77 Other Pages 82 Notes LR: 20150711; JID: 101535380; OID: NLM: PMC4476010; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/06/20 [received]; 2014/11/08 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Iran ISSN/ISBN 2008-7802; 2008-7802 Accession Number PMID: 26157571 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26157571 Abstract BACKGROUND: As the first experience of substance abuse often starts in adolescence, and studies have shown that drug use is mainly related to cigarette and alcohol consumption, an initial exploration of substance abuse prevalence, including cigarette and alcohol, seems to be the first step in preventing and controlling drug consumption. This study aimed to explore studies on drug use among high school students by investigating articles published in the past decade in Iran. METHODS: In this study, the databases inside the country were used to access articles related to substance abuse by students during 2001-2011, among which 7 articles on 14-19 years old high school students were studied. RESULTS: The seven studied articles showed that the highest drug use prevalence pertained to cigarette and hookah, followed by alcohol, opium, ecstasy, hashish and heroin. Opium and heroin use in Kerman city were, respectively, about 4 and 5 times of their use in other studied cities. CONCLUSIONS: Drug use is relatively high in the adolescent and effective group of the society, which requires particular attention and prompt and immediate intervention. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nahvizadeh,M.M., Akhavan,S., Arti,S., Qaraat,L., Geramian,N., Farajzadegan,Z., Heidari,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4476010 Editors

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