WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Microbial quality of water in rural communities of Trinidad	2000	Adesiyun, A.A., School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica/Pan American Journal of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Rev.Panam.Salud Publica Pan Am.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form 2000/ Volume 8 Issue 3 Start Page 172 Other Pages 180 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1020-4989 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A cross-sectional study was conducted in four rural communities of northeastern Trinidad to determine the microbial quality of water supply to households and that quality's relationship to source and storage device. Of the 167 household water samples tested, total coliforms were detected in 132 of the samples (79.0%), fecal coliforms in 102 (61.1%), and E. coli in 111 (66.5%). There were significant differences among the towns in the proportion of the samples contaminated with coliforms (P < 0.001) and E. coli (P < 0.001). Of 253 strains of E. coli studied, 4 (1.6%) were mucoid, 9 (3.6%) were hemolytic, and 37 (14.6%) were nonsorbitol fermenters. Of 69 isolates of E. coli tested, 10 (14.5%) were verocytotoxigenic. Twenty-eight (14.0%) of 200 E. coli isolates tested belonged to enteropathogenic serogroups. Standpipe, the most common water source, was utilized by 57 (34.1%) of the 167 households. Treated water (pipeborne in homes, standpipes, or truckborne) was supplied to 119 households (71.3%), while 48 households (28.7%) used water from untreated sources (rain, river/stream, or well) as their primary water supply. The type of household storage device was associated with coliform contamination. Water stored in drums, barrels, or buckets was more likely to harbor fecal coliforms (74.2% of samples) than was water stored in tanks (53.3% of samples), even after controlling for water source (P = 0.04). Compared with water from other sources, water piped into homes was significantly less likely to be contaminated with total coliforms (56.9% versus 88.8%, P < 0.001) and fecal coliforms (41.2% versus 69.8%, P < 0.01), even when the type of storage device was taken into account However, fecal contamination was not associated with whether the water came from a treated or untreated source. We concluded that the drinking water in rural communities in Trinidad was grossly unfit for human consumption, due both to contamination of various water sources and during household water storage. Descriptors drinking water, verotoxin, article, coliform bacterium, Escherichia coli, geographic distribution, human, population density, rural population, strain difference, Trinidad and Tobago, water contamination, water quality, water sampling, water supply, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Welch,P., David,J., Clarke,W., Trinidade,A., Penner,D., Bernstein,S., McDougall,L., Adesiyun,A. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Original contributions. Electrical wiring configurations and childhood cancer	1979	Dept. Prev. Med., Univ. Colorado Med. Cent., Denver, Colo. 80262	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form 1979/ Volume 109 Issue 3 Start Page 273 Other Pages 284 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0002-9262 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract An excess of electrical wiring configurations suggestive of high current-flow was noted in Colorado in 1976-1977 near the homes of children who developed cancer, as compared to the homes of control children. The finding was strongest for children who had spent their entire lives at the same address, and it appeared to be dose-related. It did not seem to be an artifact of neighborhood, street congestion, social class, or family structure. The reason for the correlation is uncertain; possible effects of current in the water pipes or of AC magnetic fields are suggested. Descriptors neoplasm, childhood, electricity, electromagnetic field, etiology, geographic distribution, leukemia, nonbiological model, preschool child, school child, short survey Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wertheimer,N., Leeper,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Childhood cancer in relation to indicators of magnetic fields from ground current sources.	1995	Wertheimer, N., Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bioelectromagnetics Periodical, Abbrev. Bioelectromagnetics Pub Date Free Form / Volume 16 Issue 2 Start Page 86 Other Pages 96 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0197-8462 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract This study examines childhood cancer risk in relation to certain factors likely to indicate magnetic field exposure from ground currents in the home. Substantial ground currents are most often found in homes having conductive plumbing, in which an uninterrupted metallic path in the water pipes and water main connects the grounding systems of neighboring houses. Information on plumbing conductivity was obtained from water suppliers for the homes of 347 cases and 277 controls identified in an earlier study of magnetic field exposure and childhood cancer in the Denver area. An increased cancer risk was observed for children in homes with conductive plumbing: The matched odds ratio was 1.72 (1.03-2.88) and increased to 3.00 (1.33-6.76) when analysis was limited to cases and controls who were residentially stable from the reference date to the study date. A measurement metric likely to indicate active ground currents (measurements having above-median intensity and a nonvertical orientation of < 55 degrees from the horizontal) was identified. In contrast to measured field intensity alone, for which only modest associations with cancer have been reported, this metric shows a high and significant cancer risk [matched O.R. = 4.0 (1.6-10.0)] consistent over a range of intensity and angle cutpoints. Such elevated nonvertical fields were also associated with cancer in an independent data set, which was gathered to study adult nonlymphocytic leukemia in the Seattle area. The associations of cancer with conductive plumbing and with this exposure metric both suggest that cancer risk is increased among persons with elevated magnetic field exposure from residential ground currents. Descriptors metal, acute myeloblastic leukemia, adolescent, adult, article, case control study, child, electricity, electromagnetic field, environmental exposure, equipment design, female, housing, human, devices, magnetism, male, radiation injury, risk, risk factor, sanitation, United States, water supply Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wertheimer,N., Savitz,D. A., Leeper,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The effect of water pipelines on the quality of drinking water	1997	Wichrowska, B., ZakÅ‚ad Higieny Komunalnej, PaÅ„stwowy ZakÅ‚ad Higieny, Warszawa.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Roczniki PaÅ„stwowego ZakÅ‚adu Higieny Periodical, Abbrev. Rocz.Panstw.Zakl.Hig. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 48 Issue 4 Start Page 415 Other Pages 423 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0035-7715 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of various pipelines on drinking water quality. For the study carried out in Warsaw buildings were chosen in which the installations were made of polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, copper and steel. Water samples were taken from the sites of water leading to the buildings and from the highest floors, if possible. Physicochemical studies included determination of turbidity, colour, odour, pH, hardness, chlorides, ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, oxidation, manganese, iron, lead, cadmium, copper and zinc content. Bacteriological tests included determination of total microorganism count at 20 degrees C and 37 degrees C, total number of sporing bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The hydro-biological testing of water samples included quantitative and qualitative analysis of macroscopic and microscopic plant and animal organisms. All studies were carried out according to Polish Standards and the methods of the State Institute of Hygiene. The results of the physicochemical, bacteriological and hydro-biological tests failed to show any effect of the material of pipelines on the quality of drinking water in the range of the determined parameters. Descriptors metal, article, materials testing, microbiology, Poland, quality control, sanitation, standard, water pollutant, water supply Links Book Title WpÅ‚yw przewodÃ³w wodociagowych na jakoÅ›Ä‡ wody do picia. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wichrowska,B., ZyciÅ„ski,D., Krogulska,B., Szlachta,R., Ranke-Rybicka,B., KozÅ‚owski,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of cadmium on the root and nodule ultrastructure of Alnus rubra	1980	Wickliff, Carlos, Environm. Prot. Agency, Terrestrial Syst. Div., Corvallis, Ore. 97330	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental Pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1980/04 Volume 21 Issue 4 Start Page 287 Other Pages 306 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0269-7491 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Albus rubra (Bong.) was grown for three months in a greenhouse and given 0, 6, 12, 31 and 62 Î¼g cadmium/litre of nitrogen-free nutrient solution for 11 weeks. Segments of nodules and secondary roots were collected from plants grown at the different Cd levels. Thin sections were made for transmission electron microscopy and the ultrastructure of root and nodule cells was then investigated. Endophyte resorption advanced in the nodules and the number of starch grains in root xylem parenchyma cells tripled as the cadmium concentration increased from 12 to 62 Î¼g/litre of nutrient solution. Nucleoli increased in prominence in the nuclei of the root xylem parenchyma cells as the cadmium concentration in the nutrient solution was raised from 12 to 62 Î¼g/litre. Observations of root and nodule cell ultrastructure of Albus rubra suggest that cadmium exerts its toxic effect in roots and nodules by decreasing the number of endophyte structures capable of fixing nitrogen and reducing the rate of respiration and growth by host plant cells. Descriptors cadmium, animal experiment, vascular plant, plant, plant root Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wickliff,C., Evans,H. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Cadmium effects on the nitrogen fixation system of red alder	1980	Terrestrial Syst. Div., Corvallis Environ. Res. Lab., Off. Res. Dev., USEPA, Corvallis, Ore. 97330	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental quality Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Qual. Pub Date Free Form 1980/ Volume 9 Issue 2 Start Page 180 Other Pages 184 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0047-2425 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) was grown in sand culture in the greenhouse to obtain data on the effects of cadmium (Cd) on a symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation system which contributes to the fertility of forest soils. Treatment of red alder seedlings for 11 weeks with 0.545 to 136 Î¼M CdCl2 in N-free nutrient solution decreased in situ nitrogenase activity 25 to 89%, N fixation 23 to 98%, and the number of nodules per plant 29 to 74%, when compared to plants receiving no Cd. Similar reductions were observed in plant growth. Treatment with 0.054 to 0.545 Î¼M CdCl2, N fixation decreased 52 and 89%, respectively. Plant growth decreased 22 and 6 mM NH4NO3 or Ca(NO3)2, nitrate reductase activity decreased 22 and 24%, respectively, when compared to plants receiving no CdCl2. Nitrogen accretion and plant dry weights were decreased by treatments in which plants were supplied with Ca(NO3)2 and 0.273 and 0.545 Î¼M CdCl2, when compared to controls without CdCl2. These results suggest that Cd can inhibit nitrogenase activity and therefore N fixation. Growth, nodulation, and nitrate reductase activity are also inhibited by Cd. Descriptors cadmium, cadmium chloride, nitrogen, nitrogenase, animal experiment, vascular plant, nitrogen balance, plant Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wickliff,C., Evans,H. J., Carter,K. R., Russell,S. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Practical experience with rapid methods for controlling the microbiological quality of drinking water and disinfection efficiency	1999	Wiegand-Rosinus, M., Stadtwerke Mainz AG, D-55118 Mainz, Germany	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 1999/ Volume 17 Issue 2 Start Page 87 Other Pages 90 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0735-1917 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Application of microbiological methods according to the German and other national drinking water regulations affords at least 48 hours and more to obtain a final result. To shorten this time and the cost-intensive delays, two different rapid methods for the detection of enterobacteria resp. E. coli and coliform bacteria are used in the laboratory of the municipal water works Mainz. One method is based on an immunological technique detecting Enterobacteriaceae by recognizing the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA). The other method is based on the biochemical determination of different enzymatic reactions specific for E. coli and coliform bacteria. Principal application is the control of processes which require rapid results such as sanitated or newly constructed drinking water pipelines and the verification of disinfection efficiency after fecal contaminations. Descriptors bacterial enzyme, drinking water, bacterium isolation, coliform bacterium, conference paper, disinfection, Enterobacteriaceae, enzyme activity, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Germany, pipeline, quality control, water contamination, water quality, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wiegand-Rosinus,M., Obst,U. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A water pipe/steam producer with circulating coal dust fuelling and gas desulfurizing installation inside the combustion chamber	1986		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. WARME Pub Date Free Form 1986/ Volume 92 Issue 6 Start Page 99 Other Pages 103 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors coal, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, air quality control, desulfurization, dust, flue gas, nonhuman, theoretical study Links Book Title EIN WASSERROHR-DAMPFERZEUGER MIT ZIRKULIERENDER KOHLENSTAUBFEUERUNG UND BRENNKAMMERINTERNER RAUCHGASENTSCHWEFELUNG Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wieser,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease following renal transplantation	1987	The Department of Transplantation Surgery, Huddinge University Hospital, 141 86 Huddinge	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Transplantation Periodical, Abbrev. Transplantation Pub Date Free Form 1987/ Volume 43 Issue 6 Start Page 847 Other Pages 851 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0041-1337 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A cluster of five cases of Legionnaires' disease in renal transplant patients is described. They were treated with erythromycin and rifampicin, and all five survived. Two of them had rejected their grafts prior to their Legionella pneumonia; two rejected their transplants after reduction of immunosuppressive therapy to combat the infection. L pneumophila was present in the water distribution system of the hospital. Eradication measures included flushing the water pipes to the transplantation ward with hot and hyperchlorinated water, raising the warm water temperature to 60Â°C, and installing ultraviolet (UV) irradiation units on the warm and and cold water pipes to the ward. These measures were successful in that no new cases of legionellosis occurred afterwards. L pneumophila could subsequently not be demonstrated by culture in plastic shower hoses supplied with UV-irradiated water. L pneumophila could be demonstrated by direct fluorescent antibody technique, but nonspecific reactions cannot be excluded. A higher prevalence of elevated L pneumophila antibody titers was observed in patients nursed for more than four weeks in the hospital than in patients with a shorter hospital stay, in hospital staff members, or in the general population. It seems that, with appropriate control measures, transplantation activities need not be discontinued in the presence of a minor cluster of Legionnaires' disease in renal transplant patients. Descriptors clinical article, human, immunosuppressive treatment, kidney, kidney transplantation, legionnaire disease, priority journal Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wilczek,H., Kallings,I., Nystrom,B., Hoffner,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparison of practical treatment methods to eradicate pinworm (Dentostomella translucida) infections from Mongolian gerbils (Meroines unguiculatus).	2001	Wilkerson, J.D., Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of California, Medical Research Building II, Box 0564, San Francisco, California 94143-0564, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science / American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Periodical, Abbrev. Contemp.Top.Lab.Anim.Sci. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 40 Issue 5 Start Page 31 Other Pages 36 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1060-0558 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract This study evaluates the efficacy of various treatment methods to eradicate Dentostomella translucida from Mongolian gerbil colonies. The following five treatment methods were instituted in naturally infected groups of 10 gerbils each: topical ivermectin misting, ivermectin-medicated drinking water, piperazine citrate-medicated drinking water, fenbendazole-medicated feed, and a combination of ivermectin-medicated drinking water and fenbendazole-medicated feed. Treatment success was assessed by using weekly fecal flotations, with necropsy examinations performed on fecal-negative gerbils (except those in the misted group) at 5 weeks after the last treatment. Topical ivermectin misting left 40% of gerbils fecal-positive. With piperazine citrate-medicated drinking water, 60% of the gerbils were fecal-positive; the remaining 40% had adult worms in their digestive tract at necropsy. Ivermectin-medicated drinking water caused 80% of the gerbils to be negative on fecal flotation. On necropsy, however, all but one of these gerbils harbored adult pinworms. Treatments with fenbendazole-supplemented feed alone or in combination with ivermectin-treated water resulted in no fecal shedding or evidence of adult pinworms on necropsy examination. Of the five treatments evaluated, only those using fenbendazole-medicated feed (150 ppm) provided a practical and reliable treatment method to eradicate pinworm infections in Mongolian gerbil colonies. Descriptors antinematodal agent, fenbendazole, ivermectin, piperazine citrate, piperazine derivative, animal, animal disease, animal food, article, comparative study, drinking, drug combination, enterobiasis, experimental animal, feces, female, gerbil, male, parasitology, rodent disease, topical drug administration Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wilkerson,J. D., Brooks,D. L., Derby,M., Griffey,S. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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