WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort ascending	SearchLink
Knowledge About E-Cigarette Constituents and Regulation: Results From a National Survey of U.S. Young Adults	2015	Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; asnsande@stanford.edu.; Center of Excellence in Cancer Communication Research, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA;;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 17 Issue 10 Start Page 1247 Other Pages 1254 Notes LR: 20151006; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: P20CA095856/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA067850/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA067850/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32 HL007034/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32-HL007034/HL/NHLBI N Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25542915 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu276 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25542915 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To examine young adults' knowledge of e-cigarette constituents and regulation and its association with product use and self-reported exposure to marketing. METHODS: Young adults (18-34 years, N = 1,247) from a U.S. web panel were surveyed in March 2014. Using multinomial logistic regressions, self-reported exposure to marketing was examined as a predictor of whether participants responded correctly (reference category), incorrectly, or "don't know" to four knowledge items-whether e-cigarettes contain nicotine, contain toxic chemicals, are regulated by government for safety, and are regulated for use as a cessation aid. Analyses adjusted for demographics and smoking status and were weighted to match the U.S. young adult population. RESULTS: Most respondents did not know if e-cigarettes, contain toxic chemicals (48%), are regulated for safety (61%), and are regulated as cessation aids (68%); fewer than 37% answered all of these items correctly. Current users of e-cigarettes (past 30 days) had a lower likelihood of being incorrect about safety testing (p = .006) and being regulated as a cessation aid (p = .017). Higher exposure to e-cigarette marketing was associated with a lower likelihood of responding "don't know" than being correct, and with a higher likelihood of being incorrect as opposed to correct about e-cigarettes containing nicotine. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge about e-cigarette constituents and regulation was low among young adults, who are the largest consumer group for these products. Interventions, such as warning labels or information campaigns, may be necessary to educate and correct misinformation about these products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Sanders-Jackson,A.N., Tan,A.S., Bigman,C.A., Henriksen,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141226 PMCID PMC4592338 Editors
The occurrence of salmonellae in drinking water	1979	Staatl. Mediz. Untersuch. Amt, Braunschweig	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie.Hygiene.Krankenhaushygiene Betriebshygiene Praventive Medizin - Abt.1 Orig.B Periodical, Abbrev. ZENTRALBL.BAKT.HYG.KR.HYG.BETR.HYG.PRAV.MED.ABT.1 ORIG.B Pub Date Free Form 1979/ Volume 169 Issue 6-May Start Page 551 Other Pages 559 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A total of 7187 samples of drinking water from different areas of the Lower Saxonian District of Braunschweig was investigated during June 1977 and May 1979. The bacteriological results are given. Salmonellae were isolated in three samples of drinking water and in one sample of sludge from a municipal drinking water pipe. Additional experiments confirm that growth of salmonellae and other entereobacteria is possible in that sludge. These findings implicate some considerations: E. coli and coliforms are the most important microbial water quality indication. It is presupposed that, when the indicator density is low (less than 1 per 100 ml) the probability that pathogens are present also will be very low. But the question is how low? The risk factor may be estimated on the base of a E. coli-Salmonella ratio in raw sewage of about 106. But this ratio is already lessened in effluents of sewage treatment plants to 103 and often seems to be 102 in inadequately disinfected drinking water. For example, we have found four Salmonella and 408 E. coli serotypes over two years. Therefore, the judgement of the presence of E. coli or coliforms in samples of drinking water is important in this judgment of improvement of water quality by disinfection. Descriptors drinking water, geographic distribution, prevention, Salmonella, therapy Links Book Title UBER DAS VORKOMMEN VON SALMONELLEN IM TRINKWASSER Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Mueller,H. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Etiology of drug abuse: a narrative analysis	2014	St. Vincent Hospital, St. Vincent Health, Melbourne, Australia.; Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of addiction Periodical, Abbrev. J.Addict. Pub Date Free Form Volume 2014 Issue Start Page 352835 Other Pages Notes LR: 20140925; JID: 101602563; OID: NLM: PMC4160618; 2014/05/05 [received]; 2014/08/18 [revised]; 2014/08/19 [accepted]; 2014/08/26 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication Egypt ISSN/ISBN 2090-7834; 2090-7850 Accession Number PMID: 25247105 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1155/2014/352835 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25247105 Abstract Introduction and Aim. Further gains in the prevention of drug abuse disorders require in-depth and holistic understanding of the risk factors of addiction from different perspectives. Lay persons and experts have different concepts of risk which could complement each other. The purpose of this study was to elaborate drug abuse risk factors through the story of individuals who had become drug dependent. Design and Methods. In this qualitative research, 33 individuals attending treatment centres for drug abuse were interviewed about the story of their addiction in Kerman, Iran. Interview questions were around the story of the participants. Results. All participants were male and in the age range of 18-40 years. Narrative analysis identified five themes as the main risk factors: family factors, peer pressure, the effect of gateway drugs (especially waterpipe), individual characteristics, and the community factors. More emphasis was placed upon the role of family factors, peer influence, and gateway effect. Discussion and Conclusion. This study elicited information from drug dependent subjects regarding the risk factors of drug abuse. According to drug dependent individuals' views, more attention should be devoted to family and peer influences by policy makers, in developing culture-based preventive strategies. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jadidi,N., Nakhaee,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140826 PMCID PMC4160618 Editors
Severe carbon monoxide poisoning from waterpipe smoking: a public health concern	2015	St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. louis.wang@unsw.edu.au.; Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; St	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Medical journal of Australia Periodical, Abbrev. Med.J.Aust. Pub Date Free Form 4-May Volume 202 Issue 8 Start Page 446 Other Pages 447 Notes JID: 0400714; 2014/09/06 [received]; 2014/11/11 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1326-5377; 0025-729X Accession Number PMID: 25929510 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.5694/mja14.01264 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25929510 Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wang,L.W., He,E.Y., Ghosh,D., Day,R.O., Jones,G.R., Subbiah,R.N., Holloway,C.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Histoplasma capsulatum in planktonic and biofilm forms: in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B, itraconazole and farnesol	2015	Specialized Medical Mycology Center (CEMM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil brilhante@ufc.br.; Specialized Medical Mycology Center (CEMM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 64 Issue Pt 4 Start Page 394 Other Pages 399 Notes CI: (c) 2015; JID: 0224131; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); 4602-84-0 (Farnesol); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 2014/12/05 [received]; 2015/01/18 [accepted]; 2015/02/05 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1473-5644; 0022-2615 Accession Number PMID: 25657300 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.000030 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25657300 Abstract It is believed that most microbial infections are caused by pathogens organized in biofilms. Recently, it was shown that the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, estimated to be the most common cause of fungal respiratory diseases, is also able to form biofilm. Although the antifungal therapy commonly used is effective, refractory cases and recurrences have been reported. In the search for new compounds with antimicrobial activity, the sesquiterpene farnesol has gained prominence for its antifungal action. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of H. capsulatum var. capsulatum to the antifungal agents itraconazole and amphotericin B, and farnesol alone and combined, as well as to determine the in vitro antifungal activity of these compounds against biofilms of this pathogen. The results show that farnesol has antifungal activity against H. capsulatum in the yeast and filamentous phases, with MIC values ranging from 0.0078 to 0.00312 microM. A synergistic effect (fractional inhibitory concentration index =0.5) between itraconazole and farnesol was found against 100 and 83.3 % of the isolates in yeast and mycelial forms, respectively, while synergism between amphotericin B and farnesol was only observed against 37.5 and 44.4 % of the isolates in yeast and filamentous forms, respectively. Afterwards, the antifungal drugs, itraconazole and amphotericin B, and farnesol alone, and the combination of itraconazole and farnesol, were tested against mature biofilms of H. capsulatum, through XTT (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazoliu m hydroxide) metabolic assay, and the itraconazole and amphotericin B showed lower antibiofilm activity when compared to farnesol alone and farnesol combined with itraconazole. In conclusion, farnesol showed promising results as an antifungal agent against H. capsulatum and also showed adjuvant action, especially when combined with itraconazole, increasing the fungal susceptibility to this drug. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Authors Data Source Authors Brilhante,R.S., de Lima,R.A., Marques,F.J., Silva,N.F., Caetano,E.P., Castelo-Branco Dde,S., Bandeira Tde,J., Moreira,J.L., Cordeiro Rde,A., Monteiro,A.J., Pires de Camargo,Z., Sidrim,J.J., Rocha,M.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150205 PMCID Editors
Oscillations of plants' stems and their damping: Theory and experimentation	2003	Spatz, H.-C., Institut fÃ¼r Biologie III, UniversitÃ¤t Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Periodical, Abbrev. Philos.Trans.R.Soc.B Biol.Sci. Pub Date Free Form 2003/09 Volume 358 Issue 1437 Start Page 1487 Other Pages 1492 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0962-8436 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Free oscillations of upright plants' stems, or in technical terms slender tapered rods with one end free, can be modelled by considering the equilibrium between bending moments and moments resulting from inertia. For stems with apical loads and negligible mass of the stem and for stems with finite mass but without top loading, analytical solutions of the differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions are available for a finite number of cases. For other cases approximations leading to an upper and a lower estimate of the frequency of oscillation Ï‰ can be derived. For the limiting case of Ï‰ = 0, the differential equations are identical with Greenhill's equations for the stability against Euler buckling of slender poles. To illustrate, the oscillation frequencies of 25 spruce trees (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) were compared with those calculated on the basis of their morphology, their density and their static elasticity modulus. For Arundo donax L. and Cyperus alternifolius L. the observed oscillation frequency was used in turn to calculate the dynamic elasticity modulus, which was compared with that determined in three-point bending. Oscillation damping was observed for A. donax and C. alternifolius for plants' stems with and without leaves or inflorescence. In C. alternifolius the difference can be attributed to the aerodynamic resistance of the leaves, whereas in A. donax structural damping in addition plays a major role. Descriptors biological model, biomechanics, comparative study, conference paper, Cyperus, elasticity, oscillometry, physiology, plant stem, Poaceae, spruce, United Kingdom Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors BrÃ¼chert,F., Speck,O., Spatz,H. -C Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Indoor and outdoor air concentrations of BTEX and determinants in a cohort of one-year old children in Valencia, Spain	2010	Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Parc de Recerca Biomedica de Barcelona, Doctor Aiguader, 88 1 feminine Planta, 8003 Barcelona, Spain. esplugues_ana@gva.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Science of the total environment Periodical, Abbrev. Sci.Total Environ. Pub Date Free Form 1-Dec Volume 409 Issue 1 Start Page 63 Other Pages 69 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2010; JID: 0330500; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); 2010/02/16 [received]; 2010/09/20 [revised]; 2010/09/24 [accepted]; 2010/1 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1879-1026; 0048-9697 Accession Number PMID: 20965548 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.09.039 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20965548 Abstract BTEX is the commonly used term for a group of toxic compounds (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, ortho-xylene and meta- and para-xylene), some of which, most notably benzene, are known carcinogens. The aim of this study is to measure the BTEX levels both inside and outside the homes of 352 one-year old children from the Valencia cohort of the INMA study (Spain) and to analyze the determinants of these levels. Passive samplers were used to measure BTEX levels during a 15day period and a questionnaire was administered to gather information on potentially associated factors (sociodemographics, residential conditions, and lifestyle). The average concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, ortho-xylene, and meta- and para-xylene were 0.9, 3.6, 0.6, 0.6, and 1.0mug/m(3), respectively. On average, the indoor levels of all the compounds were approximately 2.5 times higher than those observed outdoors. Factors associated with higher BTEX concentrations inside the home were being the child of a mother of non-Spanish origin, living in a house that had been painted within the last year, living in an apartment, and not having air conditioning. Higher outdoor concentrations of BTEX depend on the residence being situated in a more urban zone, being located within the city limits, having living in a building with more than one story, residing in an area with a greater frequency of traffic, and the season of the year in which the sample was taken. The data thus obtained provide helpful information not only for implementing measures to reduce exposure to these pollutants, but also for evaluating the relation between such exposure and possible health risks for the children in the cohort. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Female, Humans, Infant, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Male, Regression Analysis, Spain, Toluene/analysis, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Esplugues,A., Ballester,F., Estarlich,M., Llop,S., Fuentes-Leonarte,V., Mantilla,E., Iniguez,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101020 PMCID Editors
The association of body mass index with Barrett's oesophagus	2005	Southern Arizona VA Healthcare System and University of Arizona Health Science Center, Tucson, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Periodical, Abbrev. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther. Pub Date Free Form 15-Nov Volume 22 Issue 10 Start Page 1005 Other Pages 1010 Notes LR: 20160803; JID: 8707234; CIN: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Apr 1;23(7):1027; author reply 1027-8. PMID: 16573806; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0269-2813; 0269-2813 Accession Number PMID: 16268976 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI APT2674 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16268976 Abstract BACKGROUND: Obesity has been linked to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms and oesophageal adenocarcinoma; however, there is no published evidence for an association with Barrett's oesophagus. AIM: To investigate the association between obesity and Barrett's oesophagus. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients who underwent upper endoscopy at the Southern Arizona Veteran's Affairs Healthcare System between 1998 and 2004. We examined male patients without malignancy, with available information on weight and height. Based on endoscopic and histological findings, patients were classified as cases with Barrett's oesophagus or non-cases without Barrett's oesophagus. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of body mass index and obesity with Barrett's oesophagus and Barrett's oesophagus length while adjusting for age and race. RESULTS: There were 65 cases with Barrett's oesophagus and 385 non-cases without Barrett's oesophagus. The mean body mass index was significantly higher in cases than in non-cases (29.8 vs. 28.0, P = 0.03). Cases had significantly greater mean weight than controls (206 lb vs. 190,P = 0.005). The proportions of cases with body mass index 25-30 and body mass index > or =30 were greater than those in non-cases (44.6% vs. 37.7%) and (40.0% vs. 33.5%), respectively (P = 0.08). In the multivariable logistic regression model adjusting for race and age, when compared with body mass index or =30. When examined as a continuous variable the adjusted odd ratio for each five-point increase in body mass index was 1.35 (95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.71, P = 0.01). The association between weight and Barrett's oesophagus was also statistically significant (adjusted odd ratio for each 10 pound increase = 1.10, 1.03-1.17, P =0.002). Among the 65 cases of Barrett's oesophagus, there was no correlation between the length of Barrett's oesophagus at the time of diagnosis and the body mass index (correlation coefficient = 0.03, P = 0.79). CONCLUSION: This retrospective cross-sectional study in male veterans shows that overweight is associated with a two-and-half-fold increased risk of Barrett's oesophagus. Larger studies of the underlying mechanism are warranted to better understand how and why obese patients are at greater risk for Barrett's oesophagus. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Barrett Esophagus/etiology, Body Mass Index, Epidemiologic Methods, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity/complications Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stein,D. J., El-Serag,H. B., Kuczynski,J., Kramer,J. R., Sampliner,R. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Crystal structure of bis-[(5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-kappaN (4))acetato-kappaO]di-aqua-nickel(II) dihydrate	2014	South-Russia State Technical University Prosveschenya, 132, Novocherkassk, Rostov Region, 346428, Russian Federation.; South-Russia State Technical University Prosveschenya, 132, Novocherkassk, Rostov Region, 346428, Russian Federation.; South-Russia Stat	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 4-Oct Volume 70 Issue Pt 11 Start Page 286 Other Pages 289 Notes LR: 20141215; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC4257300; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/11/01 [ecollection]; 2014/09/19 [received]; 2014/09/26 [accepted]; 2014/10/04 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 25484724 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536814021436 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25484724 Abstract The title compound, [Ni(C4H5N4O2)2(H2O)2].2H2O, represents the first transition metal complex of the novel chelating triazole ligand, 2-(5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)acetic acid (ATAA), to be structurally characterized. In the mol-ecule of the title complex, the nickel(II) cation is located on an inversion centre and is coordinated by two water mol-ecules in axial positions and two O and two N atoms from two trans-oriented chelating anions of the deprotonated ATAA ligand, forming a slightly distorted octa-hedron. The trans angles of the octa-hedron are all 180 degrees due to the inversion symmetry of the mol-ecule. The cis-angles are in the range 87.25 (8)-92.75 (8) degrees . The six-membered chelate ring adopts a slightly twisted boat conformation with puckering parameters Q = 0.542 (2) A, Theta = 88.5 (2) and varphi = 15.4 (3) degrees . The mol-ecular conformation is stabilized by intra-molecular N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds between the amino group and the chelating carboxyl-ate O atom of two trans-oriented ligands. In the crystal, the complex mol-ecules and lattice water mol-ecules are linked into a three-dimensional framework by an extensive network of N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO, O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chernyshev,V.M., Chernysheva,A.V., Abagyan,R.S., Rybakov,V.B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141004 PMCID PMC4257300 Editors
Portrayal of waterpipe (shisha, hookah, nargile) smoking on Twitter: a qualitative exploration	2016	South East Wales Trials Unit, Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, UK. Electronic address: granta2@cardiff.ac.uk.; Centre for the Study of Knowledge, Expertise and Science, School of Social Science, Cardiff University, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Public health Periodical, Abbrev. Public Health Pub Date Free Form 9-Aug Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160813; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 0376507; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/02/08 [received]; 2016/07/06 [revised]; 2016/07/10 [accepted]; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1476-5616; 0033-3506 Accession Number PMID: 27520707 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI S0033-3506(16)30165-2 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27520707 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To describe and characterize social media content in relation to waterpipe smoking using qualitative methods. STUDY DESIGN: Exploratory qualitative design. METHODS: A representative sample of pre-existing social media content from Twitter relating to waterpipe smoking and written in the English language was collected during a 1 week period in July 2014. A total of 9671 tweets were collected; duplicates and retweets were removed leaving 4439 unique tweets. Data were analyzed semiotically (positive, negative, positive and negative, no sentiment, unclassifiable) and thematically. Photographs attached to tweets written by individual users indexed using #hookah (n = 299) were subjected to content analysis. RESULTS: Over half of all tweets were positive about waterpipe smoking (59%), with 3% negative, 21% lacking sentiment and 17% unclassifiable. However, there were variations by likely author of tweet, with 91% of tweets from individual users classified as positive. Twitter users focused on their emotional experience, location, other products they were consuming alongside waterpipe smoking, and who they were with. Analysis of photographs highlighted a high degree of synergy between text and visual representations of waterpipe smoking, and two thirds of photographs contained at least part of a waterpipe. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking may be normalized as an enjoyable activity in this online environment, posing a challenge for public health. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Grant,A., O'Mahoney,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160809 PMCID Editors

E-mail