WTS database

Title	Pub Year	SearchLink
effect of meassel water-pipe smoking versus cigarette smoking on pulmonary arterial pressure and left ventricular and right ventricular function indices in COPD patients, an echodoppler study	2000	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty Girls] The] Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 21 Issue 1 Start Page 649 Other Pages 686 Notes ID: 63456 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract This study included 165 COPD heavy smoker patients with a mean age of 59.9 +/- 8.9 year referred for echo Doppler and cardiac assessment. They were divided according to their type of smoked material into three groups; cigarette smoker group, meassel water-pipe smoker group and cigarette and water-pipe smoker group. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of echo Doppler abnormalities in those patients looking for any specific pattern induced by meassel. The results have shown that the common effects of the whole smoker groups when compared to the non-smoker group were as follows: Severe reduction in FEV 1/FVC%, arterial pO2 reduction, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, right ventricular diastolic dysfunction, impaired index of global right ventricular function, decreased pulmonary acceleration time and right ventricular enlargement. However, water-pipe smoker group if compared to cigarette smoker group showed more aggressive pulmonary obstruction, more degree of pulmonary hypertension, more right ventricular enlargement and more deterioration of right ventricular global function index. In conclusion, the hazards of heavy water-pipe meassel smoking on echo Doppler, FEV1/FVC% and arterial blood gases indices are not only similar to those of heavy cigarette smoking but also it cause more respiratory obstruction, more pulmonary hypertension and more deleterious effect on right ventricular size and global function Descriptors Humans, Male, Female, Smoking/physiology, Lung Diseases, Obstructive, Pulmonary Heart Disease, Respiratory Function Tests, Blood Gas Analysis, Echocardiography, Pulmonary Emphysema Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-63456 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Mazen,Adel Ahmed, Oraby,Sabah Saad Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Patterns of waterpipe use and dependence: implications for intervention development	2005	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pharmacol Biochem Behav Periodical, Abbrev. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Volume 80 Issue 1 Start Page 173 Other Pages 9 Notes ID: 15652393 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Despite the dramatic increase of tobacco smoking via waterpipe in Arab societies, and the apparent potential of waterpipe use to produce tobacco-related disease, little is known about the pharmacological effects of this method of tobacco smoking, particularly its ability to support dependence. This review focuses on recent waterpipe research and current theories of dependence in an attempt to identify patterns of waterpipe use and features likely to reveal dependence. Recent work indicates that, relative to cigarette smoking, this form of tobacco use is characterized by more intermittent use, later age of onset, greater spread among women and lower interest in quitting or appreciation of addictive properties. Waterpipe use is associated with classic features of tobacco/nicotine dependence, as well as features unique to this tobacco use method. However, even shared features of dependence, such as craving and addiction-induced socio-cognitive behavioral changes, can be displayed differently in waterpipe users, indicating the need for waterpipe-specific research approaches. Preliminary evidence suggests that an important step toward dependence involves a transition from social to individual patterns of waterpipe use. Surveillance and research into factors affecting use and cessation of this tobacco use method should pave the way for the development of effective prevention and intervention strategies to curb the burgeoning waterpipe use epidemic. Descriptors Smoking Cessation/methods, Smoking/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Confidence Intervals, Humans, Odds Ratio, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking/trends, Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-15652393 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Maziak,W., Eissenberg,T., Ward,K. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco smoking using a waterpipe: a re-emerging strain in a global epidemic	2004	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tob Control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Volume 13 Issue 4 Start Page 327 Other Pages 33 Notes ID: 15564614 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract CONTEXT: The global tobacco epidemic may kill 10 million people annually in the next 20-30 years, with 70% of these deaths occurring in developing countries. Current research, treatment, and policy efforts focus on cigarettes, while many people in developing regions (Asia, Indian subcontinent, Eastern Mediterranean) smoke tobacco using waterpipes. Waterpipes are increasing in popularity, and more must be learned about them so that we can understand their effects on public health, curtail their spread, and help their users quit. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a comprehensive review regarding global waterpipe use, in order to identify current knowledge, guide scientific research, and promote public policy. DATA SOURCES: A Medline search using as keywords "waterpipe", "narghile", "arghile", "shisha", "hookah", "goza", "hubble bubble" and variant spellings (for example, "hooka"; "hukka") was conducted. Resources compiled recently by members of GLOBALink were used. STUDY SELECTION: Every identified published study related to waterpipe use was included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Research regarding waterpipe epidemiology and health effects is limited; no published studies address treatment efforts. Waterpipe use is increasing globally, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, where perceptions regarding health effects and traditional values may facilitate use among women and children. Waterpipe smoke contains harmful constituents and there is preliminary evidence linking waterpipe smoking to a variety of life threatening conditions, including pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, and pregnancy related complications. CONCLUSIONS: More scientific documentation and careful analysis is required before the spread of waterpipe use and its health effects can be understood, and empirically guided treatment and public policy strategies can be implemented. Descriptors Developing Countries/statistics & numerical data, Smoking/epidemiology, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/toxicity, Child, Female, Health Policy, Health Status, Humans, Male, Nicotine/analysis, Nicotine/toxicity, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking/trends, Tobacco/chemistry, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1747964/?tool=pubmed Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Maziak,W., Ward,K. D., Afifi Soweid,R.A., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in hookah smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers--a comment	2008	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Pak Med Assoc Periodical, Abbrev. J.Pak.Med.Assoc. Pub Date Free Form Volume 58 Issue 3 Start Page 155 Other Pages 155 Notes ID: 18517128 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects, Tobacco/adverse effects, Humans, Pakistan Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-18517128 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Maziak,Wasim Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
CO exposure, puff topography, and subjective effects in waterpipe tobacco smokers	2009	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine Tob Res Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 11 Issue 7 Start Page 806 Other Pages 11 Notes ID: 19420278 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in popularity though the toxicant exposure and effects associated with this tobacco use method are not well understood. METHODS: Sixty-one waterpipe tobacco smokers (56 males; mean age +/- SD, 30.9 +/- 9.5 years; mean number of weekly waterpipe smoking episodes, 7.8 +/- 5.7; mean duration of waterpipe smoking 8.5 +/- 6.1 years) abstained from smoking for at least 24 hr and then smoked tobacco from a waterpipe ad libitum in a laboratory. Before and after smoking, expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) and subjective effects were assessed; puff topography was measured during smoking. RESULTS: The mean waterpipe use episode duration was 33.1 +/- 13.1 min. Expired-air CO increased significantly from a mean of 4.0 +/- 1.7 before to 35.5 +/- 32.7 after smoking. On average, participants took 169 +/- 100 puffs, with a mean puff volume of 511 +/- 333 ml. Urge to smoke, restlessness, craving, and other tobacco abstinence symptoms were reduced significantly after smoking, while ratings of dizzy, lightheaded, and other direct effects of nicotine increased. DISCUSSION: Expired-air CO and puff topography data indicate that, relative to a single cigarette, a single waterpipe tobacco smoking episode is associated with greater smoke exposure. Abstinent waterpipe tobacco smokers report symptoms similar to those reported by abstinent cigarette smokers, and these symptoms are reduced by subsequent waterpipe tobacco smoking. Taken together, these data are consistent with the notion that waterpipe tobacco smoking is likely associated with the risk of tobacco/nicotine dependence. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Administration, Inhalation, Adult, Equipment Design, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Syria, Water, Young Adult Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699927/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntp066 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Maziak,Wasim, Rastam,Samer, Ibrahim,Iman, Ward,Kenneth D., Shihadeh,Alan, Eissenberg,Thomas Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
When you smoke your baby smokes: advancing maternal and child health through an academic alliance to improve health of mothers and their infants	2010	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Przeglad lekarski Periodical, Abbrev. Przegl.Lek. Pub Date Free Form Volume 67 Issue 10 Start Page 821 Other Pages 823 Notes JID: 19840720R; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0033-2240; 0033-2240 Accession Number PMID: 21355494 Language eng SubFile Editorial; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21355494 Abstract The detrimental effect of tobacco exposure prior to conception and during pregnancy has been receiving much worldwide attention. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with early-onset wheezing, increased respiratory illnesses, and a 2-fold increased risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Adverse effects on the infant include altered infant behaviors such as an increased occurrence of infant colic or Attention Deficit Disorders (ADD). Studies have shown that a significant number of smoking woman "quit" smoking during pregnancy. However, a majority of women, 67% by 3 months and up to 90% by 6 month, resume smoking following delivery. An infant's birth related hospitalization is a "teachable moment" to address parental smoking, and to advocate for reducing fetal exposure to tobacco smoke. Academic alliance focused on well designed educative program can further increase rate of smoking free pregnant women and decrease smoking relapse rates significantly. Descriptors Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/chemically induced/prevention & control, Causality, Female, Health Promotion/organization & administration, Humans, Infant, Infant Welfare, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Welfare, Poland/epidemiology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications/chemically induced/epidemiology/prevention & control, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Factors, Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology/prevention & control, Sudden Infant Death/epidemiology/etiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Merritt,T. A., Philips,R., Armstrong,S., Mazela,J., Gadzinowski,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Changes in cerebral glucose metabolism after an expedition to high altitudes	2006	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full High Alt Med Biol Periodical, Abbrev. High Alt.Med.Biol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 7 Issue 1 Start Page 28 Other Pages 38 Notes ID: 16544964 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The possibility of persistent cerebral impairment due to exposure to extreme altitude and resulting hypoxic conditions is of great concern to both high altitude mountaineers and researchers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of prolonged exposure to hypoxia on cerebral glucose metabolism, which probably precedes structural and functional impairment. Positron emission tomography (PET) employing 18F]-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) was performed, and the normobaric hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) was assessed in 11 mountaineers before (pre) and after (post) climbing Mount Shisha Pangma (8048 m). During the climb, acute mountain sickness (AMS) symptoms were recorded and heart rate and oxygen saturation (SaO2) were measured daily. Neuropsychological evaluations were conducted at different heights. The difference FDGpost- FDGpre was analyzed voxel by voxel using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and volumes of interest (VOI). SPM revealed two areas of increased cerebral FDG uptake after the expedition, one localized in the left cerebellum (+9.4%) and one in the white matter lateral of the left thalamus (+8.3%). The VOI analysis revealed increased postexpeditional metabolism in an area of the right cerebellum (+11%) and of the thalamus bilaterally (+3.7% on the left, +4.6% on the right). FDG-PET alterations did not correlate with changes in SaO2, HVR, or AMS scores. All neuropsychological test results during the climb were unremarkable. We conclude that a prolonged stay at an extreme altitude leads to regional specific changes in the cerebral glucose metabolism without any signs of neuropsychological impairment during the climb. Descriptors Altitude Sickness/metabolism, Brain/metabolism, Glucose/metabolism, Mountaineering/physiology, Acute Disease, Adult, Cerebellum/metabolism, Expeditions, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Humans, Male, Positron-Emission Tomography, Statistics, Nonparametric, Temporal Lobe/metabolism Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-16544964 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Merz,Tobias M., Treyer,Valerie, Hefti,Urs, Spengler,Christina M., Schwarz,Urs, Buck,Alfred, Maggiorini,Marco Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Pattern of tobacco use among the Iranian adult population: results of the national Survey of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases (SuRFNCD-2007)	2010	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tob Control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Volume 19 Issue 2 Start Page 125 Other Pages 8 Notes ID: 20008159 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Previous studies report on smoking in Iran but recent national data on tobacco use (including cigarette, water-pipe and pipe) have not been reported. METHODS: In 2007, 5287 Iranians aged 15-64 years were sampled from all provinces as part of a national cross-sectional survey of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors. Data were collected using the standardised stepwise protocol for NCD risk factor surveillance of the World Health Organization. Use of tobacco products was calculated as the sum of smoking cigarettes/cigars (smoking currently or daily any amount of factory/hand-made cigarettes or cigars), pipes (daily) and water pipes (daily). RESULTS: Total current and daily tobacco use was 14.8% (burden 7.3 million) and 13.7% (burden 6.7 million) when extrapolated to the Iranian population aged 15-64. The prevalence of current and daily cigarette smoking was 12.5% (6.1 million; 23.4% males and 1.4% females) and 11.3% (5.6 million; 21.4 males and 1.4 females); former smokers comprised 1.7 million or 3.4% of the Iranian population (6.2% males and 0.6% females; mean cessation age 34.1). The mean age of starting to smoke was 20.5 years (24.2 males and 20.4 females). The prevalence of water-pipe smoking was 2.7% (burden 1.3 million; 3.5% males and 1.9% females). Water-pipe smokers used the water-pipe on average 3.5 times a day (2.8 males and 4.5 females). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of tobacco use has not escalated over the past two decades. Nonetheless, the burden is high and therefore warrants preventive public health policies. Descriptors Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Iran/epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Rural Population, Sex Factors, Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology, Urban Population, Young Adult Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2989156/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.2009.030759 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Meysamie,Alipasha, Ghaletaki,Reza, Haghazali,Mehrdad, Asgari,Fereshteh, Rashidi,Armin, Khalilzadeh,Omid, Esteghamati,Alireza, Abbasi,Mehrshad Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Lead poisoning: Part I	1995	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Trauma Periodical, Abbrev. TRAUMA Pub Date Free Form 1995/ Volume 37 Issue 1 Start Page 43 Other Pages 67 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0564-1470 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The average American ingests about 100 milligrams of lead per day, or about 1.25 ounces per year. That's not enough to cause lead poisoning in the average person facing the average daily exposure, but exposure to toxic levels of lead in the workplace and the home is still a significant problem. Over 900 specific occupations are estimated to involve significant exposure to lead, and thus a potential risk of lead poisoning. Lead is also ubiquitous in the environment: it is found in soil that has absorbed industrial and petrochemical emissions, paint in old buildings, water pipes and even food that has been stored in cans made with lead solder or prepared with tap water. Low-level exposure of lead has been associated with childhood learning disorders and poor performance on intelligence tests. High-level exposure can cause central nervous system disorders, mental impairment, retardation and death. However, the exact level at which lead begins to cause health problems is unknown. The first part of this two-part article describes the clinical picture and diagnosis of acute and chronic lead poisoning, with a particular emphasis on the developmental problems lead exposure causes in children between the ages of one and six years. These are the persons most commonly at risk of ingesting lead, and the victims who suffer the worst consequences of lead exposure. Descriptors lead, adult, case report, child, human, lead poisoning, male, review Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Michael,M. I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Prevalence of waterpipe smoking among rural pregnant women in Southern Iran	2008	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Med Princ Pract Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 17 Issue 6 Start Page 435 Other Pages 9 Notes ID: 18836270 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of waterpipe smoking among rural pregnant women in Southern Iran and to identify the impact of maternal waterpipe smoking on baby's birth weight. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A population-based survey was conducted in rural areas of Southern Iran in 2004 using existing health records and interviewing all mothers during the 10 days after delivery. Maternal exclusion criteria included cigarette smoking during pregnancy, a history or occurrence of epilepsy, diabetes and hypertension (gestational and/or essential) during pregnancy, factors that have been proved to have detrimental effects on birth weight. RESULTS: Of the 2,808 mothers interviewed, 224 (8%) were waterpipe smokers of which 90 (3.2%) and 134 (4.8%) were occasional (smoking less than once per day) and daily (at least once per day) smokers, respectively. Six hundred and seventy-four (24%) were passively exposed to waterpipe smoke during pregnancy and 322 (11.5%) were exposed to second-hand cigarette smoke. Mothers who started smoking during the first trimester had lower birth weight babies (3,215 +/- 612 g) compared to those who started smoking during the second or third trimesters (3,447 +/- 550 g, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Waterpipe smoking during pregnancy is prevalent in Southern Iran and appears to be a risk factor for low birth weight babies. Descriptors Infant, Low Birth Weight, Pregnancy Outcome, Rural Population, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects, Birth Weight, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Iran/epidemiology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimesters/drug effects, Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data, Prevalence, Risk Factors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000151563 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Mirahmadizadeh,Alireza, Nakhaee,Nouzar Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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