WTS database

Title	Pub Year	SearchLink
Monitoring Exposure to Ebola and Health of U.S. Military Personnel Deployed in Support of Ebola Control Efforts - Liberia, October 25, 2014-February 27, 2015	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 3-Jul Volume 64 Issue 25 Start Page 690 Other Pages 694 Notes JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 26135589 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm6425a2 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26135589 Abstract In response to the unprecedented Ebola virus disease (Ebola) outbreak in West Africa, the U.S. government deployed approximately 2,500 military personnel to support the government of Liberia. Their primary missions were to construct Ebola treatment units (ETUs), train health care workers to staff ETUs, and provide laboratory testing capacity for Ebola. Service members were explicitly prohibited from engaging in activities that could result in close contact with an Ebola-infected patient or coming in contact with the remains of persons who had died from unknown causes. Military units performed twice-daily monitoring of temperature and review of exposures and symptoms ("unit monitoring") on all persons throughout deployment, exit screening at the time of departure from Liberia, and post-deployment monitoring for 21 days at segregated, controlled monitoring areas on U.S. military installations. A total of 32 persons developed a fever during deployment from October 25, 2014, through February 27, 2015; none had a known Ebola exposure or developed Ebola infection. Monitoring of all deployed service members revealed no Ebola exposures or infections. Given their activity restrictions and comprehensive monitoring while deployed to Liberia, U.S. military personnel constitute a unique population with a lower risk for Ebola exposure compared with those working in the country without such measures. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cardile,A.P., Murray,C.K., Littell,C.T., Shah,N.J., Fandre,M.N., Drinkwater,D.C., Markelz,B.P., Vento,T.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A systematic review of transitions between cigarette and smokeless tobacco product use in the United States	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 18-Mar Volume 15 Issue Start Page 258 Other Pages 015-1594-8 Notes LR: 20160223; GR: P01 HD031921/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4377056; 2014/07/01 [received]; 2015/02/27 [accepted]; 2015/03/18 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 25849604 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-1594-8 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25849604 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smokeless tobacco use is becoming an increasingly important public health issue in the US and may influence cigarette smoking behavior. Systematic information on transitions between smokeless tobacco and cigarette use in the US is limited. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of published literature on transitions between smokeless tobacco and cigarette use in the US. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and EbscoHost databases for all published articles from January 2000 to March 2014 that presented estimates of transitions in US youth and adult study populations over time between at least one of the following tobacco use states: exclusive cigarette smoking, exclusive smokeless tobacco use, dual use of both products, and use of neither product. We excluded non-English language studies, studies published before 2000, clinical trials, controlled cessation programs, and clinical studies or evaluations of smokeless tobacco cessation programs. RESULTS: The review identified six studies on US populations published since 2000 with longitudinal data on some or all of the transitions that users can undergo between smokeless tobacco and cigarette use. There was considerable heterogeneity across studies in design and tobacco use definitions. Despite these differences, the existing data indicate that switching behaviors from exclusive smoking to exclusive smokeless tobacco use are limited (adults: 0%-1.4%, adolescents: 0.8%-3.8%) but may be more common from exclusive smokeless tobacco use to exclusive smoking (adults: 0.9%-26.6%, adolescents: 16.6%-25.5%). Among adults, exclusive cigarette smoking was generally stable and consistent (79.7% to 87.6%) over follow-up across studies but less stable in adolescents (46.8%-78.7%). Exclusive smokeless tobacco use was less stable than exclusive cigarette smoking over time (adults: 59.4%-76.6%, adolescents: 26.2%-44.8%). CONCLUSION: This review provides published estimates of the proportions of adults and adolescents transitioning between tobacco use categories from the most recently available studies on longitudinal transitions between smokeless tobacco and cigarettes in the US. These data can be used to track tobacco use behaviors and evaluate their effect on public health; however, the data for these studies were generally collected more than a decade ago. Additional research including nationally representative longitudinal estimates using consistent definitions and designs, would improve understanding of current tobacco transition behaviors. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tam,J., Day,H.R., Rostron,B.L., Apelberg,B.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150318 PMCID PMC4377056 Editors
Levels of exhaled carbon monoxide in healthy active and passive smokers	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Przeglad lekarski Periodical, Abbrev. Przegl.Lek. Pub Date Free Form Volume 72 Issue 3 Start Page 99 Other Pages 102 Notes JID: 19840720R; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0033-2240; 0033-2240 Accession Number PMID: 26731862 Language eng SubFile Clinical Study; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26731862 Abstract BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoke is the major and most common indoor source of carbon monoxide. CO combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) which hinders oxygen transport and causes myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. CO damages the endothelium of large and medium arteries and contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Participants in the study included 148 active and 306 passive smokers. In both groups the largest proportion of respondents were aged 30-49. Numbers of male and female participants were identical among the active smokers, while the majority of the passive smokers were women. Majority of the participants in both groups lived in large towns (over 100,000 inhabitants). The levels of exhaled CO were measured with Micro+smokerlyzer distributed in Poland by Synecpol. Every participant was provided with relevant instructions and the test was conducted by trained researchers. RESULTS: The mean level of exhaled carbon monoxide in active smokers was 12.57 ppm with higher levels found in men. The highest mean level of eCO was found in participants with body weight between 60 kg and 80 kg (mean eCO = 13.39 ppm). The highest levels were observed in participants living in towns with 51,000-100,000 inhabitants. In passive smokers, the mean level of exhaled carbon monoxide was 3.55 +/- 1.26 ppm with higher levels found in men. CONCLUSIONS: For non-smokers, the study identified a significant relationship between the level of exhaled CO and the participants' gender (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Krzych-Falta,E., Modzelewska,D., Samolinski,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Barrett's esophagus: its diagnosis and management in Japan	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nihon rinsho.Japanese journal of clinical medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Nihon Rinsho. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 73 Issue 7 Start Page 1129 Other Pages 1135 Notes JID: 0420546; ppublish Place of Publication Japan ISSN/ISBN 0047-1852; 0047-1852 Accession Number PMID: 26165069 Language jpn SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26165069 Abstract The incidence of adenocarcinoma derived from Barrett's esophagus has been steadily increasing during the past some decades in Western countries. The development of better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for Barrett's esophagus and Barrett's adenocarcinoma have become an important objective. In Japan, Barrett's adenocarcinoma has been gradually increasing as the results of a high incidence of reflux esophagitis, a decreasing of Helicobacter pylori infection and an increasing of obesity, etc. Subsequently, in recent, the management of Barrett's esophagus has come to be of interest as well as in the Western countries. Many issues found in the pathophysiology and epidemiology of Barrett's esophagus in Japanese patients are required to be clarified and the Japanese maneuvers regarding the diagnostic procedure and clinical management including the surveillance for patients with Barrett's esophagus should be established as soon as possible. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Amano,Y., Azumi,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Establishment of an Ebola Treatment Unit and Laboratory - Bombali District, Sierra Leone, July 2014-January 2015	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 9-Oct Volume 64 Issue 39 Start Page 1108 Other Pages 1111 Notes JID: 7802429; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 26447483 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.15585/mmwr.mm6439a4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26447483 Abstract The first confirmed case of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) in Sierra Leone related to the ongoing epidemic in West Africa occurred in May 2014, and the outbreak quickly spread. To date, 8,704 Ebola cases and 3,955 Ebola deaths have been confirmed in Sierra Leone. The first Ebola treatment units (ETUs) in Sierra Leone were established in the eastern districts of Kenema and Kailahun, where the first Ebola cases were detected, and these districts were also the first to control the epidemic. By September and October 2014, districts in the western and northern provinces, including Bombali, had the highest case counts, but additional ETUs outside of the eastern province were not operational for weeks to months. Bombali became one of the most heavily affected districts in Sierra Leone, with 873 confirmed patients with Ebola during July-November 2014. The first ETU and laboratory in Bombali District were established in late November and early December 2014, respectively. T- evaluate the impact of the first ETU and laboratory becoming operational in Bombali on outbreak control, the Bombali Ebola surveillance team assessed epidemiologic indicators before and after the establishment of the first ETU and laboratory in Bombali. After the establishment of the ETU and laboratory, the interval from symptom onset to laboratory result and from specimen collection to laboratory result decreased. By providing treatment to Ebola patients and isolating contagious persons to halt ongoing community transmission, ETUs play a critical role in breaking chains of transmission and preventing uncontrolled spread of Ebola (4). Prioritizing and expediting the establishment of an ETU and laboratory by pre-positioning resources needed to provide capacity for isolation, testing, and treatment of Ebola are essential aspects of pre-outbreak planning. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gleason,B., Redd,J., Kilmarx,P., Sesay,T., Bayor,F., Mozalevskis,A., Connolly,A., Akpablie,J., Prybylski,D., Moffett,D., King,M., Bass,M., Joseph,K., Jones,J., Ocen,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151009 PMCID Editors
A comparative study of systemic carcinogen exposure in waterpipe smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tob Control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Volume 24 Issue 2 Start Page 125 Other Pages 7 Notes ID: 23988862 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: In the past decade, waterpipe smoking-also known as hookah, shisha, narghileh-has increased among youth. The scarcity of rigorous studies linking waterpipe smoking to smoking-related diseases has hindered policy and regulatory efforts to confront the waterpipe epidemic. This study compares systemic carcinogen exposure between independent groups of exclusive waterpipe smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers. METHODS: This study was conducted at the Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies (SCTS) in Aleppo, Syria, between 2010 and 2011. First morning urinary samples were collected from three groups of subjects; exclusive daily waterpipe smokers (n=24), exclusive daily cigarette smokers (n=23), and non-smokers (n=28). These samples were analysed for carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanol (NNAL) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS: Our results show that waterpipe smokers are exposed to about 5-10 times greater NNAL than non-smokers. Mean (95% CI) free and total NNAL was 0.7 (0.3 to 1. 4) and 3.9 (1.6 to 9.5)Ã¢Â€Â…pg/mL urine for non-smokers, 8.4 (4.8 to 14.8) and 33.0 (21.6 to 50.6)Ã¢Â€Â…pg/mL urine for waterpipe smokers, and 10.7 (5.0 to 22.6) and 46.8 (27.6 to 79.3)Ã¢Â€Â…pg/mL urine for cigarette smokers (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Al Ali, Radwan, Rastam,Samer, Ibrahim,Iman, Bazzi,Asma, Fayad,Sanaa, Shihadeh,Alan L., Zaatari,Ghazi S., Maziak,Wasim Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
'Herbal' but potentially hazardous: an analysis of the constituents and smoke emissions of tobacco-free waterpipe products and the air quality in the cafÃ©s where they are served	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tob Control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Volume 24 Issue 3 Start Page 290 Other Pages 7 Notes ID: 24128428 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: There are limited data on the composition and smoke emissions of 'herbal' shisha products and the air quality of establishments where they are smoked. METHODS: Three studies of 'herbal' shisha were conducted: (1) samples of 'herbal' shisha products were chemically analysed; (2) 'herbal' and tobacco shisha were burned in a waterpipe smoking machine and main and sidestream smoke analysed by standard methods and (3) the air quality of six waterpipe cafÃ©s was assessed by measurement of CO, particulate and nicotine vapour content. RESULTS: We found considerable variation in heavy metal content between the three products sampled, one being particularly high in lead, chromium, nickel and arsenic. A similar pattern emerged for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Smoke emission analyses indicated that toxic byproducts produced by the combustion of 'herbal' shisha were equivalent or greater than those produced by tobacco shisha. The results of our air quality assessment demonstrated that mean PM2.5 levels and CO content were significantly higher in waterpipe establishments compared to a casino where cigarette smoking was permitted. Nicotine vapour was detected in one of the waterpipe cafÃ©s. CONCLUSIONS: 'Herbal' shisha products tested contained toxic trace metals and PAHs levels equivalent to, or in excess of, that found in cigarettes. Their mainstream and sidestream smoke emissions contained carcinogens equivalent to, or in excess of, those of tobacco products. The content of the air in the waterpipe cafÃ©s tested was potentially hazardous. These data, in aggregate, suggest that smoking 'herbal' shisha may well be dangerous to health. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051169 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Hammal,Fadi, Chappell,Alyssa, Wild,T C., Kindzierski,Warren, Shihadeh,Alan, Vanderhoek,Amanda, Huynh,Cong Khanh, Plateel,Gregory, Finegan,Barry A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Wasserpfeifenkonsum (Shisha-Rauchen) bei Jugendlichen in Deutschland : Ergebnisse der KiGGS-Studie - Erste Folgebefragung (KiGGS Welle 1)	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 58 Issue 5-Apr Start Page 467 Other Pages 73 Notes ID: 25665891 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language de SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: At the beginning of the 21st century, waterpipe (shisha) smoking has become a new and global youth trend in tobacco consumption. Despite the fact that this type of tobacco use can also lead to serious health problems, there are only a few studies on this topic in Germany. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of waterpipe smoking among 12- to 17-year-old adolescents. Age- and sex-related differences were analyzed and, for the first time in Germany, the association between parental socioeconomic status and waterpipe use was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the first follow-up of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 1), which was conducted from 2009 to 2012. Waterpipe smoking was assessed among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years using three items (n = 4,543). We calculated prevalence rates and age-adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence of waterpipe use was 28.9 % (95 % CI: 26.9-31.0). Approximately one fifth (20.6 %; 95 % CI: 18.8-22.6) of the adolescents reported waterpipe use in the past 12 months, one tenth (10.0 %; 95 % CI: 8.6-11.6) reported current use (at least once during the past 30 days). In both sexes, prevalence increased with age. Waterpipe smoking rates were significantly higher among boys than girls, while no significant differences were found regarding parental socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: A considerable number of adolescents in Germany are at least occasional waterpipe (shisha) smokers. Because of waterpipe related health and addiction risks that are often underestimated by adolescents, specific health education and prevention measures are necessary. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00103-015-2128-3 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Kuntz,Benjamin, Lampert,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The Hookah Experience: Stop them before ItÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Too Late	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form 1-Jul Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes ID: imsear.hellis.org-123456789-158762 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/oai-imsear.hellis.org-123456789-158762 Book Title Database IMSEAR; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Khandelwal,Vishal, Nayak,Ullal Anand, Nayak,Prathibha Anand, Khandelwal,Sushma Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Violence-Related Behaviors and Selfinflicted Injuries Among 15-18 Year Old Iranian Adolescents	2015	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form 24-Dec Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes ID: imsear.hellis.org-123456789-169052 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In this population-based cross-sectional study, we determined the prevalence of intentional injuries and associated factors among 1201 adolescents in Tehran, Iran. Overall, 63.9% of adolescents had at least one intentional injury behavior which was significantly higher in males. Gender preference for males by parents, very high or very low supervision, waterpipe smoking, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with injuries in females. In addition, poor wealth index, parental punishment and smoking were incriminating factors in males. Descriptors Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/oai-imsear.hellis.org-123456789-169052 Book Title Database IMSEAR; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Baheiraei,Azam, Hamzehgardeshi,Zeinab, Mohammadi,Mohammad Reza, Nedjat,Saharnaz Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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