WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Subterranean water pipes under busy roads and streets	1984	Azienda Communale Elettricita ed Acque (ACEA), Roma	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 1984/ Volume 2 Issue 1 Start Page B81; B89 Other Pages B81; B89 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0735-1917 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors drinking water, nonhuman, pipeline, theoretical study, therapy, water treatment Links Book Title CONDUITES SOUTERRAINES PASSANT SOUS LES ROUTES OU LES CHAUSSEES A CIRCULATION DENSE Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors De Caterini,G. P., Sensi,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Successful Control of Ebola Virus Disease: Analysis of Service Based Data from Rural Sierra Leone	2016	Manson Unit, Medecins Sans Frontieres, London, United Kingdom.; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.; Manson Unit, Medecins Sans Frontieres, Lond	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PLoS neglected tropical diseases Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS Negl Trop.Dis. Pub Date Free Form 9-Mar Volume 10 Issue 3 Start Page e0004498 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160324; JID: 101291488; OID: NLM: PMC4784943; 2016/03 [ecollection]; 2015/10/07 [received]; 2016/02/08 [accepted]; 2016/03/09 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1935-2735; 1935-2727 Accession Number PMID: 26959413 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004498 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26959413 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The scale and geographical distribution of the current outbreak in West Africa raised doubts as to the effectiveness of established methods of control. Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) was first detected in Sierra Leone in May 2014 in Kailahun district. Despite high case numbers elsewhere in the country, transmission was eliminated in the district by December 2014. We describe interventions underpinning successful EVD control in Kailahun and implications for EVD control in other areas. METHODS: Internal service data and published reports from response agencies were analysed to describe the structure and type of response activities, EVD case numbers and epidemic characteristics. This included daily national situation reports and District-level data and reports of the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, and Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) patient data and internal epidemiological reports. We used EVD case definitions provided by the World Health Organisation over the course of the outbreak. Characteristics assessed included level of response activities and epidemiological features such as reported exposure (funeral-related or not), time interval between onset of illness and admission to the EVD Management Centre (EMC), work-related exposures (health worker or not) and mortality. We compared these characteristics between two time periods--June to July (the early period of response), and August to December (when coverage and quality of response had improved). A stochastic model was used to predict case numbers per generation with different numbers of beds and a varying percentage of community cases detected. RESULTS: There were 652 probable/confirmed EVD cases from June-December 2014 in Kailahun. An EMC providing patient care opened in June. By August 2014 an integrated detection, treatment, and prevention strategy was in place across the district catchment zone. From June-July to August-December 2014 surveillance and contact tracing staff increased from 1.0 to 8.8 per confirmed EVD case, EMC capacity increased from 32 to 100 beds, the number of burial teams doubled, and health promotion activities increased in coverage. These improvements in response were associated with the following changes between the same periods: the proportion of confirmed/probable cases admitted to the EMC increased from 35% to 83% (chi(2) p-value Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lokuge,K., Caleo,G., Greig,J., Duncombe,J., McWilliam,N., Squire,J., Lamin,M., Veltus,E., Wolz,A., Kobinger,G., de la Vega,M.A., Gbabai,O., Nabieu,S., Lamin,M., Kremer,R., Danis,K., Banks,E., Glass,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160309 PMCID PMC4784943 Editors
Successful proof of concept of family planning and immunization integration in Liberia	2015	Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD, USA chelsea.cooper@jhpiego.org.; John Snow, Inc, Arlington, VA, USA.; Independent Consultant, USA.; Jhpiego, Monrovia, Liberia.; Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia.; Ministry of H	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Global health, science and practice Periodical, Abbrev. Glob.Health.Sci.Pract. Pub Date Free Form 5-Mar Volume 3 Issue 1 Start Page 71 Other Pages 84 Notes LR: 20150314; CI: (c) Cooper et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and sour Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 2169-575X; 2169-575X Accession Number PMID: 25745121 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00156 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25745121 Abstract Globally, unmet need for postpartum family planning remains high, while immunization services are among the most wide-reaching and equitable interventions. Given overlapping time frames, integrating these services provides an opportunity to leverage existing health visits to offer women more comprehensive services. From March through November 2012, Liberia's government, with support from the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP), piloted an integrated family planning and immunization model at 10 health facilities in Bong and Lofa counties. Vaccinators provided mothers bringing infants for routine immunization with targeted family planning and immunization messages and same-day referrals to co-located family planning services. In February 2013, we compared service statistics for family planning and immunization during the pilot against the previous year's statistics. We also conducted in-depth interviews with service providers and other personnel and focus group discussions with clients. Results showed that referral acceptance across the facilities varied from 10% to 45% per month, on average. Over 80% of referral acceptors completed the family planning visit that day, of whom over 90% accepted a contraceptive method that day. The total number of new contraceptive users at participating facilities increased by 73% in Bong and by 90% in Lofa. Women referred from immunization who accepted family planning that day accounted for 44% and 34% of total new contraceptive users in Bong and Lofa, respectively. In Lofa, pilot sites administered 35% more Penta 1 and 21% more Penta 3 doses during the pilot period compared with the same period of the previous year, while Penta 1 and Penta 3 administration decreased in non-pilot facilities. In Bong, there was little difference in the number of Penta 1 and Penta 3 doses administered between pilot and non-pilot facilities. In both counties, Penta 1 to Penta 3 dropout rates increased at pilot sites but not in non-pilot facilities, possibly due to higher than average background dropout rates at pilot sites prior to the intervention in Lofa and the disproportionate effect of data from 1 large facility in Bong. The project provided considerable basic support to assess this proof of concept. However, results suggest that introducing a simple model that is minimally disruptive to existing immunization service delivery can facilitate integration. The model is currently being scaled-up to other counties in Liberia, which could potentially contribute to increased postpartum contraceptive uptake, leading to longer birth intervals and improved health outcomes for children and mothers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cooper,C.M., Fields,R., Mazzeo,C.I., Taylor,N., Pfitzer,A., Momolu,M., Jabbeh-Howe,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150305 PMCID PMC4356276 Editors
Superparamagnetic nanoparticles in tap water	2007	Grant, J.R., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 41 Issue 13 Start Page 3005 Other Pages 3011 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Magnetization measurements are a useful tool in the characterization of corrosion products formed in municipal water pipes made of iron or steel. Fine particles formed in corrosion processes exhibit superparamagnetic behavior. The size of such particles, which determines their capacity to adsorb hazardous species, can therefore be found from magnetic measurements. Application of this methodology to samples extracted from flowing and stagnant tap water, respectively, has shown that the flowing water samples contained multidomain (>100 nm) ferromagnetic particles as well as aggregates of very fine superparamagnetic subdomain particles. The sizes of the fine particles are of the order of 3.2-5.6 nm. In addition to small subdomain superparamagnetic particles stagnant water samples also contained larger subdomain particles with average dimensions of 59-67 nm. Both large and small subdomain particles were trapped by the fine charcoal in household filters. Â© 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Descriptors charcoal, drinking water, ferromagnetic material, iron, nanoparticle, steel, tap water, article, corrosion, magnetism, particle size, priority journal, water analysis, water flow, water sampling Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Senftle,F. E., Thorpe,A. N., Grant,J. R., Barkatt,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Supply-demand equilibria and the size-number trade-off in spatially structured recreational fisheries	2016		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America Periodical, Abbrev. Ecol.Appl. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 26 Issue 4 Start Page 1086 Other Pages 1097 Notes JID: 9889808; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1051-0761; 1051-0761 Accession Number PMID: 27509750 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27509750 Abstract Recreational fishing effort varies across complex inland landscapes (e.g., lake-districts) and appears influenced by both angler preferences and qualities of the fishery resource, like fish size and abundance. However, fish size and abundance have an ecological trade-off within a population, thereby structuring equal-quality isopleths expressing this trade-off across the fishing landscape. Since expressed preferences of recreational anglers (i.e., site-selection of high-quality fishing opportunities among many lakes) can be analogous to optimal foraging strategies of natural predators, adopting such concepts can aid in understanding scale-dependence in fish-angler interactions and impacts of fishing across broad landscapes. Here, we assumed a fish supply-angler demand equilibria and adapted a novel bivariate measure of fishing quality based on fish size and catch rates to assess how recreational anglers influence fishing quality among a complex inland landscape. We then applied this metric to evaluate (1) angler preferences for caught and released fish compared to harvested fish, (2) the nonlinear size-numbers trade-off with uncertainty in both traits, and (3) the spatial-scale of the equilibria across 62 lakes and four independent management regions in British Columbia's (BC) rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fishery. We found anglers had low preference for caught and released fish (~10% of the value compared to harvested fish), which modified anglers' perception of fishing quality. Hence, fishing quality and angler effort was not influenced simply by total fish caught, but largely by harvested fish catch rates. Fishing quality varied from BC's northern regions (larger fish and more abundant) compared to southern regions (smaller fish and less abundant) directly associated with a 2.5 times increase in annual fishing effort in southern regions, suggesting that latent fishing pressure can structure the size-numbers trade-off in rainbow trout populations. The presence of two different equal-quality isopleths suggests at least two effective landscapes support co-occurring ideal free distributions of recreational fishing effort in BC's rainbow fishery. Anglers' expressed preferences among lakes interacted with density dependent growth and survival within lakes to structure a size-numbers trade-off influencing how anglers perceive fishing quality and, ultimately, distribute across complex inland landscapes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wilson,K.L., Cantin,A., Ward,H.G., Newton,E.R., Mee,J.A., Varkey,D.A., Parkinson,E.A., Post,J.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Support for indoor bans on electronic cigarettes among current and former smokers	2014	Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA. skolar@miami.edu.; Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA. brogers@psy.miami.edu.;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form 25-Nov Volume 11 Issue 12 Start Page 12174 Other Pages 12189 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101238455; OID: NLM: PMC4276608; 2014/11/03 [received]; 2014/11/18 [revised]; 2014/11/18 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 25429684 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph111212174 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25429684 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing in the U.S. Although marketed as a safer alternative for cigarettes, initial evidence suggests that e-cigarettes may pose a secondhand exposure risk. The current study explored the prevalence and correlates of support for e-cigarette bans. METHODS: A sample of 265 current/former smokers completed a cross-sectional telephone survey from June-September 2014; 45% Black, 31% White, 21% Hispanic. Items assessed support for home and workplace bans for cigarettes and e-cigarettes and associated risk perceptions. RESULTS: Most participants were aware of e-cigarettes (99%). RESULTS demonstrated less support for complete e-cigarette bans in homes and workplaces compared to cigarettes. Support for complete e-cigarette bans was strongest among older, higher income, married respondents, and former smokers. Complete e-cigarette bans were most strongly endorsed when perceptions of addictiveness and health risks were high. While both e-cigarette lifetime and never-users strongly supported cigarette smoking bans, endorsement for e-cigarette bans varied by lifetime use and intentions to use e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Support for indoor e-cigarette bans is relatively low among individuals with a smoking history. Support for e-cigarette bans may change as evidence regarding their use emerges. These findings have implications for public health policy. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kolar,S.K., Rogers,B.G., Hooper,M.W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141125 PMCID PMC4276608 Editors
Surveillance for selected tobacco-use behaviors--United States, 1900-1994	1994	Office on Smoking and Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.CDC surveillance summaries : Morbidity and mortality weekly report.CDC surveillance summaries / Centers for Disease Control Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR CDC Surveill.Summ. Pub Date Free Form 18-Nov Volume 43 Issue 3 Start Page 1 Other Pages 43 Notes LR: 20120329; JID: 8407977; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN Accession Number PMID: 7969014 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 7969014 Abstract PROBLEM/CONDITION: Surveillance of tobacco use is an essential component of any tobacco-control program. The information gathered can be used to guide research initiatives, intervention programs, and policy decisions. REPORTING PERIODS: This report covers the period 1900-1994 for per capita cigarette consumption; 1965-1991 for trends in cigarette smoking prevalence and cessation; 1974-1991 for trends in the number of cigarettes smoked daily by current smokers; 1987-1991 for recent patterns of tobacco use; 1970, 1987, and 1991 for trends in cigar/pipe smoking and snuff/chewing tobacco use; 1984-1992 for trends in state-specific prevalences of regular cigarette smoking; 1987-1992 for state-specific estimates of smokeless-tobacco use; and 1976-1993 for trends in cigarette smoking among U.S. high school seniors. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS: Estimates of cigarette consumption are reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which uses data from the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the Tobacco Institute, and other sources. The National Health Interview Survey uses household interviews to provide nationally representative estimates (for the civilian, noninstitutionalized population) of cigarette smoking and other behaviors related to tobacco use. The Behavioral Risk Factor surveillance System uses telephone surveys of civilian, noninstitutionalized adults (> or = 18 years of age) to provide state-specific estimates of current cigarette smoking and use of smokeless tobacco. The University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research uses school-based, self-administered questionnaires to gather data on cigarette smoking from a representative sample of U.S. high school seniors. RESULTS: During the period 1900-1963, per capita cigarette consumption increased; after 1964, consumption declined. During the years 1965-1991, current cigarette smoking prevalence among persons ages > or = 18 years declined overall and in every sociodemographic category examined. Decrease in current smoking prevalence was slow in some groups (e.g., among persons with fewer years of formal education). Both the prevalence of never smoking and the prevalence of cessation increased from 1965 through 1991. The prevalence of current cigarette smoking, any tobacco smoking, and any tobacco use was highest among American Indians/Alaska Natives and non-Hispanic blacks and lowest among Asians/Pacific Islanders. The prevalence of cigar smoking and pipe smoking has declined substantially since 1970. The prevalence of smokeless-tobacco use among white males ages 18-34 years was higher in 1987 and 1991 than in 1970; among persons > or = 45 years of age, the use of smokeless tobacco was more common among blacks than whites in 1970 and 1987. Cigarette smoking prevalence has decreased in most states. The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use was especially high among men in West Virginia, Montana, and several southern states. From 1984-1993, prevalence of cigarette smoking remained constant among U.S. high school seniors. However, prevalence increased slightly for male seniors and white seniors, decreased slightly for female high school seniors, and decreased sharply for black high school seniors. INTERPRETATION: With the exceptions of increases in cigarette smoking among white and male high school seniors and in the use of smokeless tobacco among white males ages 18-34 years, reductions in tobacco use occurred in every subgroup examined. This decrease must continue if the national health objectives for the year 2000 are to be reached. ACTIONS TAKEN: Surveillance of tobacco use is ongoing. Effective interventions that discourage initiation and encourage cessation are being disseminated throughout the United States. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Plants, Toxic, Population Surveillance, Prevalence, Smoking/epidemiology/trends, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Tobacco, Smokeless, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Giovino,G. A., Schooley,M. W., Zhu,B. P., Chrismon,J. H., Tomar,S. L., Peddicord,J. P., Merritt,R. K., Husten,C. G., Eriksen,M. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Surveillance in Barrett's esophagus: an audit of practice	2010	Internal Medicine, Loma Linda Veterans Health Care System, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA. adewaleajums@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Digestive diseases and sciences Periodical, Abbrev. Dig.Dis.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 55 Issue 6 Start Page 1615 Other Pages 1621 Notes JID: 7902782; 2009/03/03 [received]; 2009/07/09 [accepted]; 2009/08/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1573-2568; 0163-2116 Accession Number PMID: 19669878 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI 10.1007/s10620-009-0917-y [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19669878 Abstract GOALS: Determine the rates of follow-up, incident rate of cancer during surveillance, and changes in pathologic grade of patients with Barrett's esophagus during surveillance in a gastroenterology practice without a formal surveillance program. BACKGROUND: Barrett's esophagus is a pre-malignant condition. Surveillance endoscopy (SE) is recommended in order to detect and treat high-grade dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma early and prevent deaths. SE has not been shown to have mortality benefit and several studies have questioned its cost-effectiveness. Most gastroenterology practices do not have a surveillance program for Barrett's esophagus. The few that exist are only in very specialized and funded programs. Little information exists on outcomes in patients with Barrett's esophagus outside of these well-structured surveillance programs. STUDY: A retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients with Barrett's esophagus diagnosed and surveyed between 1995 and 2005 at a Veterans Affairs medical center. Data were collected on age, body mass index, and race. Patients who missed their SE by 6 months or more and those that missed their SE by twice the recommended intervals or more were identified and analyzed for changes in pathologic grades. RESULTS: A total of 472 patients were diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus or had SE between 1995 and 2005. Three hundred and five patients only had one endoscopy and biopsy. They did not have follow-up surveillance endoscopies and biopsies. Two patients were excluded from the final analysis: one had an esophagectomy after an index diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia, and one had a diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma 2 days after an initial impression of Barrett's esophagus. There were 165 patients with Barrett's metaplasia or dysplasia who had SE more than once and were included in the final analysis. Overall, 53.3% had no change in pathologic grade, 35.2% regressed to a lower pathologic grade, and 11.5% progressed to a higher grade. None (0/165, 0%) progressed to esophageal adenocarcinoma; 3.6% (6/165) progressed to high-grade dysplasia and 11.5% (19/165) regressed to normal mucosa. Forty-four patients missed their SE by 6 months or more. Of these, 50% regressed, 40.9% had no change, and 9.1% progressed. Four patients regressed to normal mucosa, one progressed to high-grade dysplasia and none progressed to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Twenty-three patients missed their SE by twice the recommended intervals or more. Of these, 60.9% regressed, 34.8% did not change, and 4.3% progressed. None progressed to esophageal adenocarcinoma or high-grade dysplasia but three regressed to normal mucosa. After adjusting for age and body mass index, patients with low-grade dysplasia are nearly seven times more likely to miss their endoscopy by twice the recommended intervals or more (OR 6.56, P-value 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Most veteran patients with Barrett's esophagus do not undergo surveillance endoscopies. Veteran patients with Barrett's esophagus undergoing SE rarely progress to high-grade dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma. Veteran patients with Barrett's esophagus who have longer SE up to twice the recommended intervals because they missed their scheduled SE did not have a worse outcome when compared to the general Barrett's esophagus surveillance group. Veteran patients with low-grade dysplasia are most likely to miss their SE by twice the recommended intervals or more, though the reason for this is unknown. Descriptors Aged, Barrett Esophagus/diagnosis/epidemiology/pathology, Biopsy, Disease Progression, Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis/epidemiology/pathology, Esophagoscopy/utilization, Female, Humans, Incidence, Logistic Models, Male, Mass Screening/methods/utilization, Medical Audit, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis/epidemiology/pathology, Predictive Value of Tests, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, United States/epidemiology, United States Department of Veterans Affairs Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ajumobi,A., Bahjri,K., Jackson,C., Griffin,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090811 PMCID Editors
Survey instruments used in clinical and epidemiological research on waterpipe tobacco smoking: a systematic review	2010		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 10 Issue Start Page 415 Other Pages 415 Notes ID: 20626899 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: The primary objective was to systematically review the medical literature for instruments validated for use in epidemiological and clinical research on waterpipe smoking. METHODS: We searched the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI the Web of Science. We selected studies using a two-stage duplicate and independent screening process. We included papers reporting on the development and/or validation of survey instruments to measure waterpipe tobacco consumption or related concepts. Two reviewers used a standardized and pilot tested data abstraction form to collect data from each eligible study using a duplicate and independent screening process. We also determined the percentage of observational studies assessing the health effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking and the percentage of studies of prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking that have used validated survey instruments. RESULTS: We identified a total of five survey instruments. One instrument was designed to measure knowledge, attitudes, and waterpipe use among pregnant women and was shown to have internal consistency and content validity. Three instruments were designed to measure waterpipe tobacco consumption, two of which were reported to have face validity. The fifth instrument was designed to measure waterpipe dependence and was rigorously developed and validated. One of the studies of prevalence and none of the studies of health effects of waterpipe smoking used validated instruments. CONCLUSIONS: A number of instruments for measuring the use of and dependence on waterpipe smoking exist. Future research should study content validity and cross cultural adaptation of these instruments. Descriptors Data Collection/methods, Smoking/epidemiology, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Validation Studies as Topic Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2912817/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-415 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Akl,Elie A., Aleem,Sohaib, Gunukula,Sameer K., Honeine,Roland, Abou Jaoude,Philippe, Irani,Jihad Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Survey of pathogenic free-living amoebae and Legionella spp. in mud spring recreation area	2009	Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC. bmhsu@ccu.edu.tw	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 43 Issue 11 Start Page 2817 Other Pages 2828 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0105072; 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 18S); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 2008/08/11 [received]; 2009/04/01 [revised]; 2009/04/02 [accepted]; 2009/04/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354; 0043-1354 Accession Number PMID: 19457534 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2009.04.002 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19457534 Abstract Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, and Naegleria are free-living amoebae, ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Several species within these genera are recognized as potential human pathogens. These free-living amoebae may facilitate the proliferation of their parasitical bacteria, such as Legionella. In this study, we identified Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, Naegleria, and Legionella using various analytical procedures and investigated their occurrence at a mud spring recreation area in Taiwan. We investigated factors potentially associated with the prevalence of the pathogens, including various water types, and physical and microbiological water quality parameters. Spring water was collected from 34 sites and Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, Naegleria, and Legionella were detected in 8.8%, 35.3%, 14.7%, and 47.1%, respectively. The identified species of Acanthamoeba included Acanthamoeba castellanii and Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Nearly all the Hartmannella isolates are identified as Hartmannella vermiformis. The Naegleria species included Naegleria australiensis and its sister groups, and two other isolates referred to a new clade of Naegleria genotypes. The Legionella species identified included unnamed Legionella genotypes, Legionella pneumophila serotype 6, uncultured Legionella spp., Legionella lytica, Legionella drancourtii, and Legionella waltersii. Significant differences (Mann-Whitney U test, P<0.05) were observed between the presence/absence of Hartmannella and total coliforms, between the presence/absence of Naegleria and heterotrophic plate counts, and between the presence/absence of Legionella and heterotrophic plate counts. This survey confirms that pathogenic free-living amoebae and Legionella are prevalent in this Taiwanese mud spring recreation area. The presence of pathogens should be considered a potential health threat when associated with human activities in spring water. Descriptors Acanthamoeba/classification/isolation & purification, Animals, Hartmannella/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Legionella/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Naegleria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics, Recreation, Soil Microbiology, Water/parasitology, Water Microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hsu,B. M., Lin,C. L., Shih,F. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090414 PMCID Editors

E-mail