WTS database

Title Sort ascending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Chronic lead poisoning in the course of ten years	2001	MachartovÃ¡, V., Klinika Pracovniho Lekarstvi, 305 99 PlzeÅˆ, Czech Republic	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pracovni Lekarstvi Periodical, Abbrev. Prac.Lek. Pub Date Free Form 2001/ Volume 53 Issue 4 Start Page 170 Other Pages 172 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0032-6291 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The author followed up for 10 years a family with non-occupational lead intoxication. The sources of lead were water pipes and acid water from their own well. The family was exposed in 1951-1991. Four members of the family were examined. Two members of the family are still in our care. In the latter after mobilizations deposited lead is released from the organism, the toxicological lead levels at rest are within physiological limits. Lead mobilization from the organism is problematical with regard to the reduced renal function which is progressing. Even 10 years after terminated exposure lead is still deposited in the organism. Descriptors aminolevulinic acid, coproporphyrin, edetate calcium disodium, lead, well water, article, case report, chronic kidney failure, follow up, human, lead blood level, lead poisoning, urine level, chelintox Links Book Title ChronickÃ¡ otrava olovem v prÅ¯bÄ›hu 10 let Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors MachartovÃ¡,V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Chronic Exposure to Water-Pipe Smoke Induces Alveolar Enlargement, DNA Damage and Impairment of Lung Function	2016		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cell Physiol Biochem Periodical, Abbrev. Cell.Physiol.Biochem. Pub Date Free Form Volume 38 Issue 3 Start Page 982 Other Pages 92 Notes ID: 26938718 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND/AIM: Epidemiological evidence indicates that water-pipe smoking (WPS) adversely affects the respiratory system. However, the mechanisms underlying its effects are not well understood. Recent experimental studies reported the occurrence of lung inflammation and oxidative stress following acute and subacute exposure to WPS. Here, we wanted to verify the extent of inflammation and oxidative stress in mice chronically-exposed to WPS and to evaluate, for the first time, its effect on alveolar injury and DNA damage and their association with impairment of lung function. METHODS: Mice were nose-only exposed to mainstream WPS (30 min/day; 5 days/week for 6 consecutive months). Control mice were exposed using the same protocol to atmospheric air only. At the end of the exposure period, several respiratory parameters were assessed. RESULTS: In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, WPS increased neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers, lactate dehydrogenase, myeloperoxidase and matrix metallopeptidase 9 activities, as well as several proinflammatory cytokines. In lung tissue, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione were all increased by WPS exposure. Along with oxidative stress, WPS exposure significantly increased lung DNA damage index. Histologically the lungs of WPS-exposed mice had foci of mixed inflammatory cells infiltration in the interalveolar interstitium which consisted of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages. Interestingly, we found dilated alveolar spaces and alveolar ducts with damaged interalveolar septae, and impairment of lung function following WPS exposure. CONCLUSION: We show the persistence of lung inflammation and oxidative stress in mice chronically-exposed to WPS and demonstrate, for the first time, the occurrence of DNA damage and enlargement of alveolar spaces and ducts associated with impairment of lung function. Our findings provide novel mechanistic elucidation for the long-term effects of WPS on the respiratory system. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443050 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Nemmar,Abderrahim, Al-Salam, Suhail, Yuvaraju,Priya, Beegam,Sumaya, Yasin,Javed, Ali,Badreldin H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Chronic and vaccine-preventable diseases in children and adolescents in Germany: results of the KiGGS study: first follow up (KiGGS wave 1)	2014	Abteilung fur Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Strasse 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland, neuhauserh@rki.de.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz Periodical, Abbrev. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 57 Issue 7 Start Page 779 Other Pages 788 Notes LR: 20160707; JID: 101181368; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1437-1588; 1436-9990 Accession Number PMID: 24950827 Language ger SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s00103-014-1976-6 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24950827 Abstract The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) 2003-2006 is the first nationwide comprehensive study on the health of children and adolescents living in Germany. The KiGGS first interview follow-up is a telephone interview study that collected, among other things, data on a number of chronic and vaccine-preventable diseases in 2009-2012 and is a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study based on a population registry sample from the 167 KiGGS study points. The analysis is based on 12,368 respondents (7913 KiGGS follow-up participants aged 7-17 years, response 72 % and 4455 newly recruited 0- to 6-year-olds, response 42 %). Based on parent reports the lifetime prevalence of both chickenpox and pertussis has decreased in the population targeted by recently changed vaccination recommendations. For measles the prevalence remained unsatisfactorily high in each investigated age group. Of the children and adolescents aged 0-17 years 16 % (95 % confidence interval CI 15.2-17.0 %) had a long-standing chronic health condition according to the parents. Of these, however, only one in five was affected in their routine daily activities. The lifetime prevalence in 7- to 17-year-olds was 1.2 % (0.9-1.6) for epilepsy (0.4 % for the past 12 months), 5.0 % (4.4-5.7) for migraine, 0.2 % (0.1-0.3) for diabetes and in 0 to 6-year-olds 2.0 % (1.5-2.6) for heart conditions and 3.1 % (2.5-3.8) for febrile seizures with a -prevalence in 0 to 2-year-olds which are most affected of 1.0 % (0.6-1.6) in the past 12 months. The vast majority of children and adolescents in Germany are in good or very good health as suggested by other results reported in this issue; however, chronic conditions are not rare and need continuous monitoring. These results confirm that implementation of the vaccination recommendations of the German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) can lead to effective prevention of infectious diseases in Germany. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Neuhauser,H., Poethko-Muller,C., KiGGS Study Group Original/Translated Title Chronische Erkrankungen und impfpraventable Infektionserkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland : Ergebnisse der KiGGS-Studie - Erste Folgebefragung (KiGGS Welle 1) URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Chromosomal location of blaCTX-M genes in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from Germany, The Netherlands and the UK	2014	Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department for Biological Safety, Max-Dohrn Strasse 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: irodriguezf@salud.madrid.org.; Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department for Biological Safet	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of antimicrobial agents Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Antimicrob.Agents Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 43 Issue 6 Start Page 553 Other Pages 557 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 9111860; 0 (Cephalosporins); 0 (DNA, Bacterial); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/10/21 [received]; 2014/02/26 [revised]; 2014/02/26 [accepted]; 2014/04/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1872-7913; 0924-8579 Accession Number PMID: 24816185 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.02.019 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24816185 Abstract This study aimed to detect and characterise clinical Escherichia coli isolates suspected of carrying chromosomally encoded CTX-M enzymes. Escherichia coli (n=356) obtained in Germany, The Netherlands and the UK (2005-2009) and resistant to third-generation cephalosporins were analysed for the presence of ESBL-/AmpC-encoding genes within the European SAFEFOODERA-ESBL project. beta-Lactamases and their association with IS26 and ISEcp1 were investigated by PCR. Isolates were typed by phylogenetic grouping, MLST and PFGE. Plasmids were visualised by S1 nuclease PFGE, and the location of blaCTX-M genes was determined by Southern hybridisation of XbaI-, S1- and I-CeuI-digested DNA. ESBL enzymes could not be located on plasmids in 17/356 isolates (4.8%). These 17 isolates, from different countries and years, were ascribed to phylogenetic groups D (9), B2 (6) and B1 (2), and to seven sequence types, with ST38 being the most frequent (7 phylogroup D isolates). Eleven isolates produced CTX-M-15. blaCTX-M-15 genes were associated with ISEcp1. The remaining isolates expressed the CTX-M group 9 beta-lactamases CTX-M-14 (4), CTX-M-9 (1) and CTX-M-51 (1). blaCTX-M probes hybridised with I-CeuI- and/or XbaI-digested DNA, but not with S1-digested DNA, corroborating their chromosomal location. To summarise, only 4.8% of a large collection of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates harboured chromosomal blaCTX-M genes. These isolates were of human origin and belonged predominantly to ST38 and ST131, which possibly indicates the role of these sequence types in this phenomenon. However, heterogeneity among isolates was found, suggesting that their spread is not only due to the dispersion of successful E. coli clones. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy Data Source Authors Rodriguez,I., Thomas,K., Van Essen,A., Schink,A.K., Day,M., Chattaway,M., Wu,G., Mevius,D., Helmuth,R., Guerra,B., SAFEFOODERA-ESBL consortium Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140416 PMCID Editors
Chloroquine sensitizes biofilms of Candida albicans to antifungal azoles	2013	School of Life Sciences, SRTM University, Nanded, MS 431606, India.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Braz.J.Infect.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Aug Volume 17 Issue 4 Start Page 395 Other Pages 400 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 9812937; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Azoles); 0 (Echinocandins); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 886U3H6UFF (Chloroquine); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/07/26 [received]; 2012/10/31 [revised]; 2012/11/01 [accepted]; 2 Place of Publication Brazil ISSN/ISBN 1678-4391; 1413-8670 Accession Number PMID: 23602464 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.11.002 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23602464 Abstract Biofilms formed by Candida albicans, a human pathogen, are known to be resistant to different antifungal agents. Novel strategies to combat the biofilm associated Candida infections like multiple drug therapy are being explored. In this study, potential of chloroquine to be a partner drug in combination with four antifungal agents, namely fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin, was explored against biofilms of C. albicans. Activity of various concentrations of chloroquine in combination with a particular antifungal drug was analyzed in a checkerboard format. Growth of biofilm in presence of drugs was analyzed by XTT-assay, in terms of relative metabolic activity compared to that of drug free control. Results obtained by XTT-metabolic assay were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The interactions between chloroquine and four antifungal drugs were determined by calculating fractional inhibitory concentration indices. Azole resistance in biofilms was reverted significantly (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Editora Ltda Data Source Authors Shinde,R.B., Raut,J.S., Chauhan,N.M., Karuppayil,S.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130418 PMCID Editors
Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market	2001	Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Japan. uematsu@tokyo-eiken.go.jp	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food additives and contaminants Periodical, Abbrev. Food Addit.Contam. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 18 Issue 2 Start Page 177 Other Pages 185 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8500474; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Chlorohydrins); 0 (Coffee); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (bisphenol F diglycidyl ether); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0265-203X; 0265-203X Accession Number PMID: 11288915 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1080/02652030010005501 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11288915 Abstract BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GC-MS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1 mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl anti BFDGE.HCl.H2O at a level of 1.5 mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol. Descriptors Benzhydryl Compounds, Carcinogens/analysis, Chlorohydrins/analysis/chemistry, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Coffee/chemistry, Epoxy Compounds/analysis, Food Contamination, Food Packaging, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Humans, Japan, Vegetables/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Uematsu,Y., Hirata,K., Suzuki,K., Iida,K., Saito,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Chlorination and chloramination of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether in drinking water	2015	Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States.; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, 4110 Old Main Hill, EL 211D, Logan, UT, 84322-4110, United S	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form 1-Aug Volume 79 Issue Start Page 68 Other Pages 78 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 0105072; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Chloramines); 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Endocrine Disruptors); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 10599-90-3 (chloramine); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphen Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1879-2448; 0043-1354 Accession Number PMID: 25965889 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.014 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25965889 Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) are common components of epoxy coatings used in food packaging and in drinking water distribution systems. Thus, leachates from the epoxy may be exposed to the disinfectants free chlorine (Cl2/HOCl/OCl(-)) and monochloramine (MCA, NH2Cl). Bisphenols are known endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) with estrogenic activity. Chlorination by-products have the potential to have reduced or enhanced estrogenic qualities, and are, therefore, of interest. In this work, chlorination reactions for bisphenols and BADGE were explored (via LC/MS/MS) and kinetic modeling (using a pseudo-first order approach) was conducted to predict the fate of these compounds in drinking water. The half-lives of BPA and BPF with 1 mg/L of free chlorine ranged from 3 to 35 min over the pH range from 6 to 11 and the temperature range of 10-25 degrees C. Half-lives for reactions of BPA and BPF with a nominal MCA concentration of 3.5 mg/L as Cl2 were from 1 to 10 days and were greater at higher pH and lower temperature. Formation of chlorinated bisphenol A by-products was observed during the kinetic studies. BADGE was found unreactive with either oxidant. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Lane,R.F., Adams,C.D., Randtke,S.J., Carter,R.E.,Jr Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150424 PMCID Editors
Chitosan/cashew gum nanogels for essential oil encapsulation	2012	Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.; Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.; Department of Analytical and Physical Che	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Carbohydrate Polymers Periodical, Abbrev. Carbohydr.Polym. Pub Date Free Form 1-Aug Volume 89 Issue 4 Start Page 1277 Other Pages 1282 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 8307156; 0 (Insecticides); 0 (Nanocapsules); 0 (Oils, Volatile); 9012-76-4 (Chitosan); 2012/03/02 [received]; 2012/04/20 [revised]; 2012/04/21 [accepted]; 2012/04/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1879-1344; 0144-8617 Accession Number PMID: 24750942 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.04.048 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24750942 Abstract Nanogels based on chitosan and cashew gum were prepared and loaded with Lippia sidoides oil. Several parameters such as cashew gum concentration and relative oil content in the matrix had their influence on nanogel properties investigated. Nanogels were characterized regarding their morphologies, particle size distributions, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and essential oil contents. The release profile was investigated by UV/vis spectroscopy and its efficacy was determined through bioassays. Results showed that samples designed using relative ratios matrix:oil 10:2, gum:chitosan 1:1 and 5% gum concentration showed high loading (11.8%) and encapsulation efficiency (70%). Nanogels were found to exhibit average sizes in the range 335-558 nm. In vitro release profiles showed that nanoparticles presented slower and sustained release. Bioassays showed that larval mortality was related mainly to oil loading, with samples presenting more effective larvicide efficacies than the pure L. sidoides oil. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Abreu,F.O., Oliveira,E.F., Paula,H.C., de Paula,R.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120428 PMCID Editors
Chinese water-pipe smoking and the risk of COPD	2014		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chest Periodical, Abbrev. Chest Pub Date Free Form Volume 146 Issue 4 Start Page 924 Other Pages 31 Notes ID: 24557573 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Studies show that the incidence of COPD has remained high in southwest China despite the 1976 National Stove Improvement Program for indoor air quality. Chinese water-pipe tobacco smoking (commonly referred to as water-pipe smoking), which is thought to be less harmful under the assumption that no charcoal is used and water filters tobacco smoke, is popular in China. We investigated whether Chinese water-pipe use and exposure are associated with the risk of COPD. METHODS: This multicenter, cross-sectional study enrolled 1,238 individuals from 10 towns in the Fuyuan area, Yunnan Province, China. A matched design was used to estimate the impact of active and passive exposure to Chinese water-pipe smoking on COPD risk; multivariate analyses adjusted for other risk factors. We also collected the water from Chinese water pipes to assess the mutagenicity of its major components and simulated Chinese water-pipe smoke exposure fine particulate 2.5 (PM2.5) by using the High Volume Air Sampler and individuals' sera to search for the potential protein biomarkers of COPD. RESULTS: The increased risk of COPD was profound for Chinese water-pipe smokers (adjusted OR, 10.61; 95% CI, 6.89-16.34), Chinese water-pipe passive smokers (adjusted OR, 5.50; 95% CI, 3.61-8.38), cigarette smokers (adjusted OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 2.06-4.91), and cigarette passive smokers (adjusted OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.62-3.91) compared with never-smoking control subjects. Chinese water-pipe use aggravates lungs with more PM2.5 compared with cigarettes. ChemR23 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 may be potential protein biomarkers of COPD. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese water-pipe smoking significantly increases the risk of COPD, including the risk to women who are exposed to the water-pipe smoke. TRIAL REGISTRY: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry; No.: ChiCTR-CCH-12002235; URL: www.chictr.org/cn/ Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.13-1499 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors She,Jun, Yang,Ping, Wang,Yuqi, Qin,Xinyu, Fan,Jia, Wang,Yi, Gao,Guangsuo, Luo,Guangxiong, Ma,Kaixiang, Li,Baoyan, Li,Caihua, Wang,Xiangdong, Song,Yuanlin, Bai,Chunxue Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Chinese carless young drivers' self-reported driving behavior and simulated driving performance	2013	a Department of Industrial Engineering and Logistics Management , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Traffic injury prevention Periodical, Abbrev. Traffic Inj.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 14 Issue 8 Start Page 853 Other Pages 860 Notes JID: 101144385; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1538-957X; 1538-9588 Accession Number PMID: 24073774 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1080/15389588.2013.771396 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24073774 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Carless young drivers refers to those drivers aged between 18 and 25 years who have a driver's license but seldom have opportunities to practice their driving skills because they do not have their own cars. Due to China's lower private car ownership, many young drivers become carless young drivers after licensure, and the safety issue associated with them has raised great concern in China. This study aims to provide initial insight into the self-reported driving behaviors and simulated driving performance of Chinese carless young drivers. METHODS: Thirty-three carless young drivers and 32 young drivers with their own cars (as a comparison group) participated in this study. A modified Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) with a 4-factor structure (errors, violations, attention lapses, and memory lapses) was used to study carless young drivers' self-reported driving behaviors. A simulated driving experiment using a low-cost, fixed-base driving simulator was conducted to measure their simulated driving performance (errors, violations, attention lapses, driving maintenance, reaction time, and accidents). RESULTS: Self-reported DBQ outcomes showed that carless young drivers reported similar errors, more attention lapses, fewer memory lapses, and significantly fewer violation behaviors relative to young drivers with their own cars, whereas simulated driving results revealed that they committed significantly more errors, attention lapses, and violation behaviors than the comparison group. Carless young drivers had a lower ability to maintain the stability of speed and lane position, drove more cautiously approaching and passing through red traffic lights, and committed more accidents during simulated driving. A tendency to speed was not found among carless young drivers; their average speed and speeding frequency were all much lower than that of the comparison group. Lifetime mileage was the only significant predictor of carless young drivers' self-reported violations, simulated violations, speed, and reaction time, whereas no significant predictor was found for young drivers with their own cars. CONCLUSIONS: Carless young drivers had poorer driving performance and were more overconfident of their self-reported driving skills compared to those young drivers with greater access to vehicles. Given that the lifetime mileage positively predicted the simulated violations measure of carless young drivers, immediate interventions are needed to help them increase driving exposure and gain driving experience gradually before moving to more challenging on-road driving tasks. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zhang,Q., Jiang,Z., Zheng,D., Man,D., Xu,X. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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