Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink Sort descending |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interventions to increase adherence to medications for tobacco dependence | 2015 | Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0SR. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
Periodical, Abbrev.
Cochrane Database Syst.Rev.
Pub Date Free Form
23-Feb
Volume
(2):CD009164. doi
Issue
2
Start Page
CD009164
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160602; JID: 100909747; 0 (Benzazepines); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Quinoxalines); 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion); BL03SY4LXB (Nortriptyline); W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline); epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-493X; 1361-6137
Accession Number
PMID: 25914910
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM
DOI
10.1002/14651858.CD009164.pub2 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25914910
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pharmacological treatments for tobacco dependence, such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), have been shown to be safe and effective interventions for smoking cessation. Higher levels of adherence to these medications increase the likelihood of sustained smoking cessation, but many smokers use them at a lower dose and for less time than is optimal. It is therefore important to determine the effectiveness of interventions designed specifically to increase medication adherence. Such interventions may include further educating individuals about the value of taking medications and providing additional support to overcome problems with maintaining adherence. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this review was to assess the effectiveness of interventions to increase adherence to medications for smoking cessation, such as NRT, bupropion, nortriptyline and varenicline (and combination regimens). This was considered in comparison to a control group, typically representing standard care. Secondary objectives were to i) assess which intervention approaches are most effective; ii) determine the impact of interventions on potential precursors of adherence, such as understanding of the treatment and efficacy perceptions; and iii) evaluate key outcomes influenced by prior adherence, principally smoking cessation. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the following databases using keywords and medical subject headings: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE (OVID SP) (1946 to July Week 3 2014), EMBASE (OVID SP) (1980 to Week 29 2014), and PsycINFO (OVID SP) (1806 to July Week 4 2014). The Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register was searched on 9th July 2014. We conducted forward and backward citation searches. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised, cluster-randomised or quasi-randomised studies in which participants using active pharmacological treatment for smoking cessation are allocated to an intervention arm or a control arm. Eligible participants were adult (18+) smokers. Eligible interventions comprised any intervention that differed from standard care, and where the intervention content had a clear principal focus on increasing adherence to medications for tobacco dependence. Acceptable comparison groups were those that provided standard care, which depending on setting may comprise minimal support or varying degrees of behavioural support. Included studies used a measure of adherence behaviour that allowed some assessment of the degree of adherence. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors searched for studies and independently extracted data for included studies. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook guidance. For continuous outcome measures, we report effect sizes as standardised mean differences (SMDs). For dichotomous outcome measures, we report effect sizes as relative risks (RRs). We obtained pooled effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the fixed effects model. MAIN RESULTS: Our search strategy retrieved 3165 unique references and we identified 31 studies as potentially eligible for inclusion. Of these, 23 studies were excluded at full-text screening stage or identified as studies awaiting classification subject to further information. We included eight studies involving 3336 randomised participants. The interventions were all additional to standard behavioural support and typically provided further information on the rationale for, and emphasised the importance of, adherence to medication, and supported the development of strategies to overcome problems with maintaining adherence.Five studies reported on whether or not participants achieved a specified satisfactory level of adherence to medication. There was evidence that adherence interventions led to modest improvements in adherence, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.14 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.28, P = 0.02, n = 1630). Four studies reported continuous measures of adherence to
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Hollands,G.J., McDermott,M.S., Lindson-Hawley,N., Vogt,F., Farley,A., Aveyard,P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150223
PMCID
Editors
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| Occurrence of Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ethers (BADGEs) and Novolac Glycidyl Ethers (NOGEs) in Archived Biosolids from the U.S. EPA's Targeted National Sewage Sludge Survey | 2015 | daggerWadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12201, United States.; double daggerCenter for Environmental Se | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental science & technology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Sci.Technol.
Pub Date Free Form
2-Jun
Volume
49
Issue
11
Start Page
6538
Other Pages
6544
Notes
JID: 0213155; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Phenyl Ethers); 0 (Sewage); 0 (Waste Water); 0 (novolac glycidyl ether); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); 2015/05/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1520-5851; 0013-936X
Accession Number
PMID: 25922885
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1021/acs.est.5b01115 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25922885
Abstract
Epoxy resins incorporating bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and novolac glycidyl ether (NOGE) are used in a wide range of applications, including adhesives, structural and electrical laminates. However, little is known about the occurrence of BADGE, NOGE, and their derivatives in the environment. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, BADGE, bisphenol F glycidyl ether (BFDGE), 3-ring NOGE, and eight of their derivatives (BADGE.2 H2O, BADGE.H2O, BADGE.HCl.H2O, BADGE.2 HCl, BADGE.HCl, BFDGE.2 H2O, and BFDGE.2 HCl) were determined in archived biosolid samples collected from 68 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from the northeastern, midwestern, western, and southern regions of the USA. BADGE.2 H2O was the most frequently detected (DR = 99%) and the most abundant compound found (median: 93.6 ng/g dry weight [dw]) in this family. The highest total concentrations of target chemicals, ranging from 83.6 to 2490 ng/g dw, were found in biosolids collected from the northeastern United States. The sum of geometric mean (GM) concentration of BADGE, NOGE, and their derivatives in biosolids increased with the treatment capacity of WWTPs. Based on the measured concentrations in biosolids and predicted mass in wastewater, it was estimated that approximately 3.5% of the total production of BADGEs was emitted through WWTP discharges.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Xue,J., Venkatesan,A.K., Wu,Q., Halden,R.U., Kannan,K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150512
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Severe carbon monoxide poisoning from waterpipe smoking: a public health concern | 2015 | St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. louis.wang@unsw.edu.au.; Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; St | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Medical journal of Australia
Periodical, Abbrev.
Med.J.Aust.
Pub Date Free Form
4-May
Volume
202
Issue
8
Start Page
446
Other Pages
447
Notes
JID: 0400714; 2014/09/06 [received]; 2014/11/11 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Australia
ISSN/ISBN
1326-5377; 0025-729X
Accession Number
PMID: 25929510
Language
eng
SubFile
Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.5694/mja14.01264 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25929510
Abstract
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Wang,L.W., He,E.Y., Ghosh,D., Day,R.O., Jones,G.R., Subbiah,R.N., Holloway,C.J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Graphene oxide decorated with silver nanoparticles as a coating on a stainless-steel fiber for solid-phase microextraction | 2015 | Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.; Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Pl | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of separation science
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Sep.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
38
Issue
14
Start Page
2439
Other Pages
2446
Notes
CI: (c) 2015; JID: 101088554; 0 (Oxides); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 12597-68-1 (Stainless Steel); 3M4G523W1G (Silver); 7782-42-5 (Graphite); OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/02/15 [received]; 2015/04/21 [revised]; 2015/04/21 [accepted]; 2015/06/03 [aheadofp
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
1615-9314; 1615-9306
Accession Number
PMID: 25931422
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1002/jssc.201500308 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25931422
Abstract
A novel graphene oxide decorated with silver nanoparticles coating on a stainless-steel fiber for solid-phase microextraction was prepared. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the coating surface and showed that silver nanoparticles were dispersed on the wrinkled graphene oxide surface. Coupled to gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, the extraction abilities of the fiber for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were examined in the headspace solid-phase microextraction mode. The extraction parameters including adsorption time, adsorption temperature, salt concentration, desorption time and desorption temperature were investigated. Under the optimized condition, wide linearity with low limits of detection from 2 to 10 ng/L was obtained. The relative standard deviations for single-fiber repeatability and fiber-to-fiber reproducibility were less than 10.6 and 17.5%, respectively. The enrichment factors were from 1712.5 to 4503.7, showing the fiber has good extraction abilities. Moreover, the fiber exhibited a good stability and could be reused for more than 120 times. The established method was also applied for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two real water samples and the recoveries of analytes ranged from 84.4-116.3% with relative standard deviations less than 16.2%.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Data Source
Authors
Wang,L., Hou,X., Li,J., Liu,S., Guo,Y.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150603
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Determination of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by HPLC-photoionization tandem mass spectrometry in wood smoke particles and soil samples | 2015 | Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
Periodical, Abbrev.
Anal.Bioanal Chem.
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
407
Issue
16
Start Page
4523
Other Pages
4534
Notes
LR: 20160512; JID: 101134327; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Smoke); 0 (Soil); 2014/12/11 [received]; 2015/03/12 [accepted]; 2015/03/04 [revised]; 2015/05/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
1618-2650; 1618-2642
Accession Number
PMID: 25935668
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1007/s00216-015-8638-x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25935668
Abstract
A simple and fast method for analysis of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using pressurized liquid extraction and high performance liquid chromatography utilizing photoionization tandem mass spectrometry was developed. Simultaneous separation and determination of nine hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and two hydroxy biphenyls could be performed in negative mode with a run time of 12 min, including equilibration in 5 min. The calibration curves were in two concentration ranges; 1-50 ng/mL and 0.01-50 mug/mL, with coefficients of correlation R (2) > 0.997. The limits of detection and method quantification limits were in the range of 9-56 pg and 5-38 ng/g, respectively. A two-level full factorial experimental design was used for screening of conditions with the highest impact on the extraction. The extraction procedure was automated and suitable for a large number of samples. The extraction recoveries ranged from 70 to 102 % and the matrix effects were between 92 and 104 %. The overall method was demonstrated on wood smoke particles and soil samples with good analytical performance, and five OH-PAHs were determined in the concentration range of 0.19-210 mug/g. As far as we know, hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in wood smoke and soil samples using photoionization mass spectrometry for the first time in this present study. Accordingly, this study shows that high performance liquid chromatography photoionization tandem mass spectrometry can be a good option for the determination of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in complex environmental samples. Graphical Abstract The method developed in this study was used to determine hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wood smoke and soil.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Avagyan,R., Nystrom,R., Boman,C., Westerholm,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150503
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Use of Conventional and Alternative Tobacco and Nicotine Products Among a Sample of Canadian Youth | 2015 | School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.; School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: dhammond@uwaterloo.ca.; Propel Centre for Po | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Adolesc.Health
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
57
Issue
1
Start Page
123
Other Pages
125
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: 53893/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: MOP-114875/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: OOP-110788/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; JID: 9102136; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/01/29 [received];
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1879-1972; 1054-139X
Accession Number
PMID: 25937469
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.03.006 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25937469
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the use of conventional and alternative tobacco and nicotine products among secondary school students. METHODS: Respondents were 44,163 grade 9-12 students who participated in Year 2 (2013-2014) of COMPASS, a cohort study of 89 purposefully sampled secondary schools in Ontario and Alberta, Canada. Past-month use of various tobacco and nicotine products was assessed, as well as correlates of use, using a generalized linear mixed effects model. RESULTS: Overall, 21.2% of the sample reported past-month use of any tobacco or nicotine product, with 7.2% reporting past-month use of e-cigarettes. E-cigarette users reported significantly greater prevalence of current use for all products. Students who were male, white, had more spending money, and had a history of tobacco use were more likely to report past-month use of e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one fifth of youth reported past-month use of a nicotine product, with e-cigarettes being the third most common product. Overall, the findings suggest a rapidly evolving nicotine market.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc
Data Source
Authors
Czoli,C.D., Hammond,D., Reid,J.L., Cole,A.G., Leatherdale,S.T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150428
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| The Role of Neighborhood Environment in Promoting Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Young Adults: Data from Middle to High Income Population in an Asian Megacity | 2015 | Medical College, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, Pakistan.; Medical College, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, Pakistan.; Medical College, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, Pakis | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
PloS one
Periodical, Abbrev.
PLoS One
Pub Date Free Form
6-May
Volume
10
Issue
5
Start Page
e0124827
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20150513; Dryad/3N451; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC4422655; 2015 [ecollection]; 2014/03/22 [received]; 2015/03/18 [accepted]; 2015/05/06 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1932-6203; 1932-6203
Accession Number
PMID: 25946006
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0124827 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25946006
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have their triggers in the neighborhood environments of communities. Studying the environmental triggers for CVD risk factors is important to understand the situation in a broader perspective. Young adults are influenced the most by the environment profile around them hence it is important to study this subset of the population. METHODS: This was a descriptive study conducted using the EPOCH research tool designed by the authors of the PURE study. The study population consisted of young adults aged 18-25 in two areas of Karachi. The study setting was busy shopping malls frequented by young adults in the particular community being studied. RESULTS: Our total sample size was 120 individuals, who consented to be interviewed by our interviewers. Less than 50% of the population recognized some form of restriction regarding smoking in their communities. The largest contributor to tobacco advertising was actors smoking in movies and TV shows with 89% responses from both communities. Only 11.9% of the individuals disapproved of smoking cigarettes among men with wide acceptance of 'sheesha' across all age groups. Advertising for smoking and junk food was more frequent as compared to smoking cessation, healthy diet and exercise in both the areas. Unhealthy food items were more easily available in contrast to healthier options. The cost of healthy snack food options including vegetables and fruits was higher than sugary drinks and foods. CONCLUSION: This assessment showed that both communities were exposed to environments that promote risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Hussain,M.A., Noorani,S., Khan,A., Asad,H., Rehan,A., Kazi,A., Baig,M.Z., Noor,A., Aqil,A., Bham,N.S., Khan,M.A., Hassan,I.N., Kadir,M.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150506
PMCID
PMC4422655
Editors
|
|||
| Widespread distribution of CTX-M and plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli from Brazilian chicken meat | 2015 | Laboratorio de Investigacao em Microbiologia Medica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.; Laboratorio de Investigacao em Microbiologia Medica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Go | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Periodical, Abbrev.
Mem.Inst.Oswaldo Cruz
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
110
Issue
2
Start Page
249
Other Pages
254
Notes
LR: 20150707; JID: 7502619; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Bacterial Proteins); 0 (Escherichia coli Proteins); EC 3.5.2.6 (AmpC beta-lactamases); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase CTX-M, E coli); OID: NLM: PMC4489457; 2014/10/20 [rec
Place of Publication
Brazil
ISSN/ISBN
1678-8060; 0074-0276
Accession Number
PMID: 25946250
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1590/0074-02760140389 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25946250
Abstract
The dissemination of plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes may pose a substantial public health risk. In the present work, the occurrences of blaCTX-M and plasmid-mediated ampC and qnr genes were investigated in Escherichia coli from 16 chicken carcasses produced by four commercial brands in Brazil. Of the brands tested, three were exporters, including one of organic chicken. Our study assessed 136 E. coli isolates that were grouped into 77 distinct biotypes defined by their origin, resistance profiling, the presence of beta-lactamase and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polimerase chain reaction typing. The blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-2 and blaCTX-M-8 genes were detected in one, 17 and eight different biotypes, respectively (45 isolates). Twenty-one biotypes (46 isolates) harboured blaCMY-2. Additionally, blaCMY-2 was identified in isolates that also carried either blaCTX-M-2 or blaCTX-M-8. The qnrB and/or qnrS genes occurred in isolates carrying each of the four types of beta-lactamase determinants detected and also in oxyimino-cephalosporin-susceptible strains. Plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC determinants were identified in carcasses from the four brands tested. Notably, this is the first description of blaCTX-M-15 genes in meat or food-producing animals from South America. The blaCTX-M-8, blaCTX-M-15 and blaCMY-2 genes were transferable in conjugation experiments. The findings of the present study indicate that plasmid-mediated ESBL and AmpC-encoding genes are widely distributed in Brazilian chicken meat.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Botelho,L.A., Kraychete,G.B., Costa e Silva,J.L., Regis,D.V., Picao,R.C., Moreira,B.M., Bonelli,R.R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4489457
Editors
|
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| Predictors of illicit drug/s use among university students in Northern Ireland, Wales and England | 2014 | University of Gloucestershire, Faculty of Applied Sciences. walidansari@glos.ac.uk. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Global journal of health science
Periodical, Abbrev.
Glob.J.Health.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
16-Dec
Volume
7
Issue
4
Start Page
18
Other Pages
29
Notes
LR: 20160428; JID: 101519495; 0 (Street Drugs); OID: NLM: PMC4802112; 2014/10/30 [received]; 2014/11/17 [accepted]; epublish
Place of Publication
Canada
ISSN/ISBN
1916-9736; 1916-9736
Accession Number
PMID: 25946914
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.5539/gjhs.v7n4p18 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25946914
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The use of illicit drug/s among university students is a public health concern. Nevertheless, many UK studies investigated a narrow spectrum of variables to explore their association/s with illicit drug/s use. METHODS: We assessed the associations between a wide range of socio-demographic, health and wellbeing variables (independent variables) and having used illicit drug/s regularly, occasionally or never in life (dependent variables). Data (3706 students) were collected from seven universities in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: About 5% of the sample had regularly used illicit drug/s, 25% occasionally, and 70% never. Regular drug use (RDU) was significantly more likely among males aged 21-29 years, daily smokers, those with heavy episodic drinking or possible alcohol dependency (CAGE test), and those who perceived their academic performance better than their peers. RDU was less likely among students with high health awareness and those living with parents. The predictors of occasional drug use (ODU) were similar to those of RDU. However, in addition, students with higher perceived stress were less likely, and students who felt financial burden/s were more likely to report ODU, while no association with academic performance was found. Never use of illicit drug/s was inversely associated with most of the variables listed above, and was positively associated with religiosity. Illicit drug/s use goes along with other substance use (alcohol and smoking). The finding that illicit drug/s use was higher among students reporting good academic performance was surprising and raises the question of whether illicit drug/s may be used as performance enhancing drugs. CONCLUSION: The factors identified with illicit drug/s use in this study could be utilized to develop appropriate public health policies and preventive measures for the health of students. Multilevel, value based, comprehensive, and strategic long-term intervention plans are required. This could include social interventions aimed at generating recreations alternatives and opportunities for youth, and a critical review for current authorities' interventions and services. Suggestions for coping with problems of campus illicit drug use/abuse also need to be offered.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
El Ansari,W., Vallentin-Holbech,L., Stock,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141216
PMCID
PMC4802112
Editors
|
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| Possible sexual transmission of Ebola virus - Liberia, 2015 | 2015 | Read more... | |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report
Periodical, Abbrev.
MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep.
Pub Date Free Form
8-May
Volume
64
Issue
17
Start Page
479
Other Pages
481
Notes
LR: 20160122; JID: 7802429; 0 (RNA, Viral); EIN: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Oct 23;64(41):1180. Cordier-Lasalle, Thierry [Corrected to Cordier-Lassalle, Thierry]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-861X; 0149-2195
Accession Number
PMID: 25950255
Language
eng
SubFile
Case Reports; Journal Article; IM
DOI
mm6417a6 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25950255
Abstract
On March 20, 2015, 30 days after the most recent confirmed Ebola Virus Disease (Ebola) patient in Liberia was isolated, Ebola was laboratory confirmed in a woman in Monrovia. The investigation identified only one epidemiologic link to Ebola: unprotected vaginal intercourse with a survivor. Published reports from previous outbreaks have demonstrated Ebola survivors can continue to harbor virus in immunologically privileged sites for a period of time after convalescence. Ebola virus has been isolated from semen as long as 82 days after symptom onset and viral RNA has been detected in semen up to 101 days after symptom onset. One instance of possible sexual transmission of Ebola has been reported, although the accompanying evidence was inconclusive. In addition, possible sexual transmission of Marburg virus, a filovirus related to Ebola, was documented in 1968. This report describes the investigation by the Government of Liberia and international response partners of the source of Liberia's latest Ebola case and discusses the public health implications of possible sexual transmission of Ebola virus. Based on information gathered in this investigation, CDC now recommends that contact with semen from male Ebola survivors be avoided until more information regarding the duration and infectiousness of viral shedding in body fluids is known. If male survivors have sex (oral, vaginal, or anal), a condom should be used correctly and consistently every time.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Christie,A., Davies-Wayne,G.J., Cordier-Lassalle,T., Blackley,D.J., Laney,A.S., Williams,D.E., Shinde,S.A., Badio,M., Lo,T., Mate,S.E., Ladner,J.T., Wiley,M.R., Kugelman,J.R., Palacios,G., Holbrook,M.R., Janosko,K.B., de Wit,E., van Doremalen,N., Munster,V.J., Pettitt,J., Schoepp,R.J., Verhenne,L., Evlampidou,I., Kollie,K.K., Sieh,S.B., Gasasira,A., Bolay,F., Kateh,F.N., Nyenswah,T.G., De Cock,K.M., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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