WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Standardizing questionnaire items for the assessment of waterpipe tobacco use in epidemiological studies	2005	Maziak, W., Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Public health Periodical, Abbrev. Public Health Pub Date Free Form / Volume 119 Issue 5 Start Page 400 Other Pages 404 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0033-3506 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Lessons from surveillance of the smoking epidemic show that the lack of adequate attention to standardizing measures and instruments for epidemiological studies has negatively influenced our ability to assess spatial and secular trends in smoking worldwide. Waterpipe smoking, another hazardous form of tobacco use, is gaining popularity worldwide, with societies in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) being most affected. Several research groups are currently investigating the epidemiology of waterpipe smoking among various populations in the EMR. Initial evidence shows that in contrast to usage patterns observed in adult cigarette smoking, waterpipe smoking is characterized mainly by intermittent and social use. As such, many measures that have been traditionally used for the study of usage patterns and dependence among adult cigarette smokers are uninformative for waterpipe smoking. Thus, the need to develop standardized measures and terminology for assessment of the epidemiology of waterpipe smoking in different populations is of paramount importance. As the monitoring of waterpipe smoking is in its infancy, the development of consensus measures should facilitate the initiation of effective surveillance that can guide public health response to this emerging epidemic. Â© 2004 The Royal Institute of Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Descriptors article, smoking, consensus, epidemic, health hazard, health survey, human, medical research, monitoring, nomenclature, population research, public health service, questionnaire, social aspect, society, Southern Europe, standardization Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Maziak,W., Ward,K. D., Afifi Soweid,R. A., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
State laws prohibiting sales to minors and indoor use of electronic nicotine delivery systems--United States, November 2014	2014		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 12-Dec Volume 63 Issue 49 Start Page 1145 Other Pages 1150 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7802429; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); EIN: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Dec 19;63(50):1212; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 25503916 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm6349a1 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25503916 Abstract Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and other devices such as electronic hookahs, electronic cigars, and vape pens, are battery-powered devices capable of delivering aerosolized nicotine and additives to the user. Experimentation with and current use of e-cigarettes has risen sharply among youths and adults in the United States. Youth access to and use of ENDS is of particular concern given the potential adverse effects of nicotine on adolescent brain development. Additionally, ENDS use in public indoor areas might passively expose bystanders (e.g., children, pregnant women, and other nontobacco users) to nicotine and other potentially harmful constituents. ENDS use could have the potential to renormalize tobacco use and complicate enforcement of smoke-free policies. State governments can regulate the sales of ENDS and their use in indoor areas where nonusers might be involuntarily exposed to secondhand aerosol. To learn the current status of state laws regulating the sales and use of ENDS, CDC assessed state laws that prohibit ENDS sales to minors and laws that include ENDS use in conventional smoking prohibitions in indoor areas of private worksites, restaurants, and bars. Findings indicate that as of November 30, 2014, 40 states prohibited ENDS sales to minors, but only three states prohibited ENDS use in private worksites, restaurants, and bars. Of the 40 states that prohibited ENDS sales to minors, 21 did not prohibit ENDS use or conventional smoking in private worksites, restaurants, and bars. Three states had no statewide laws prohibiting ENDS sales to minors and no statewide laws prohibiting ENDS use or conventional smoking in private worksites, restaurants, and bars. According to the Surgeon General, ENDS have the potential for public health harm or public health benefit. The possibility of public health benefit from ENDS could arise only if 1) current smokers use these devices to switch completely from combustible tobacco products and 2) the availability and use of combustible tobacco products are rapidly reduced. Therefore, when addressing potential public health harms associated with ENDS, it is important to simultaneously uphold and accelerate strategies found by the Surgeon General to prevent and reduce combustible tobacco use, including tobacco price increases, comprehensive smoke-free laws, high-impact media campaigns, barrier-free cessation treatment and services, and comprehensive statewide tobacco control programs. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Marynak,K., Holmes,C.B., King,B.A., Promoff,G., Bunnell,R., McAfee,T., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Status and diet in precontact highland Ecuador	1995	Ubelaker, D.H., Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Physical Anthropology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Phys.Anthropol. Pub Date Free Form 1995/ Volume 97 Issue 4 Start Page 403 Other Pages 411 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0002-9483 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Excavation at the Ecuadorian highland site of La Florida in suburban Quito revealed six deep shaft tombs yielding high-status individuals (n = 9) as well as apparent sacrifices and other low-status individuals (n = 23). Determination of sex and age at death of the recovered skeletal remains resulted in a sample of 32 individuals aged from approximately 7 to 50 years of age. The sample of 18 individuals over the age of 18 years included 14 females and 4 males. Temporally, the remains are assigned to the Chaupicruz Phase (circa 100 to 450 AD) of the Regional Developmental Period. In this study, we analyze stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen from human bone in order to compare the diets of the high- and low-status individuals. Stable carbon isotope analyses were carried out on preserved protein and biological apatite (bioapatite), and stable nitrogen isotope analyses were carried out on preserved protein. There is a statistically significant difference in Î´13C between the two groups for both protein and mineral sources of carbon with evidence for the greater consumption of maize in the high-status group. There is no significant difference in Î´15N between the two groups, nor is there a significant difference in the spacing between protein and mineral Î´13C values between the two groups. Ethnohistorical evidence for the 16th century AD provides the expectation that the only dietary difference was the higher consumption of animal protein by the elite. There is no evidence for this based on the bone chemistry data from La Florida. Instead, the isotope data, along with the archaeological evidence, indicate that the major dietary difference during the Chaupicruz Phase was the greater intake of maize by the elite, probably in the form of beer (chicha). Descriptors carbon, collagen, nitrogen, adult, age determination, article, beer, child, diet, Ecuador, female, food intake, human, isotope labeling, maize, male, morphology, protein intake, sex determination, skeleton, social status Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Ubelaker,D. H., Katzenberg,M. A., Doyon,L. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Stem growth reduction in mature sitka spruce trees exposed to acid mist	1997	Crossley, A., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental Pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1997/ Volume 96 Issue 2 Start Page 185 Other Pages 193 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0269-7491 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract An eighteen-year-old clone of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) growing in the field was used to evaluate the whole tree response of 'mature' Sitka spruce to acid mist treatment. The mist, an equimolar mixture of H2SO4 and NH4NO3 at pH 2.5 with or without particles (soda glass ballotini < 20 Î¼m diameter), was applied twice weekly (equivalent to 4 mm precipitation week-1) throughout the growing season, May-November 1990-1992. The annual dose of S, N, H applied as mist (at 51, 48 and 3.3 kg ha-1, respectively) was 2.5 times that measured in the Scottish uplands. Throughout the experiment there was no evidence of visible injury symptoms, yet there was a highly significant reduction (p < 0.02) in the stem-area increment relative to the stent area at the start, measured using vernier dendrometer bands. There was no significant difference between the (acid mist + particle) and the acid mist only treatments. The mean relative stent-area increment over two complete growing seasons (1991-1992) was 65% for control trees, but only 53% for acid-misted trees. Descriptors ammonium nitrate, sulfuric acid, acid rain, air pollution, airborne particle, article, environmental exposure, forest, growth inhibition, pH, tree, United Kingdom, water vapor Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Crossley,A., Sheppard,L. J., Cape,J. N., Smith,R. I., Harvey,F. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Strategies to promote smoking cessation among adolescents	2016	Canadian Paediatric Society, Adolescent Health Committee.; Canadian Paediatric Society, Adolescent Health Committee.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Paediatrics & child health Periodical, Abbrev. Paediatr.Child.Health. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 21 Issue 4 Start Page 201 Other Pages 208 Notes LR: 20160720; JID: 9815960; OID: NLM: PMC4934162 [Available on 11/01/16]; OTO: NOTNLM; PMCR: 2016/11/01 00:00; ppublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1205-7088; 1205-7088 Accession Number PMID: 27429574 Language eng; fre SubFile Journal Article DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27429574 Abstract In recent years, youth have been exposed to a broader spectrum of tobacco products including smokeless tobacco, hookah (water pipe) and e-cigarettes. Despite active local, provincial/territorial and national prevention strategies and legislated controls, thousands of teenagers develop an addiction to tobacco products each year. Current and available smoking cessation interventions for youth have the potential to help teens stop smoking and, as a result, greatly reduce Canada's health burden in the future. Paediatricians and health care professionals can play a key role in helping teens make informed decisions related to tobacco consumption and cessation. This practice point presents the evidence and rationales for smoking cessation interventions which have been studied in youth specifically, such as individual counselling, psychological support, nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion and varenicline. Interventions for which limited or conflicting data exist are also discussed.; Publisher: Abstract available from the publisher. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Harvey,J., Chadi,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4934162 Editors
Strawberry flavor: diverse chemical compositions, a seasonal influence, and effects on sensory perception	2014	Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America ; Plant Innovation Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Pr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 11-Feb Volume 9 Issue 2 Start Page e88446 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150515; JID: 101285081; 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds); 57-50-1 (Sucrose); OID: NLM: PMC3921181; 2014 [ecollection]; 2013/06/24 [received]; 2014/01/07 [accepted]; 2014/02/11 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 24523895 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0088446 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24523895 Abstract Fresh strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa) are valued for their characteristic red color, juicy texture, distinct aroma, and sweet fruity flavor. In this study, genetic and environmentally induced variation is exploited to capture biochemically diverse strawberry fruit for metabolite profiling and consumer rating. Analyses identify fruit attributes influencing hedonics and sensory perception of strawberry fruit using a psychophysics approach. Sweetness intensity, flavor intensity, and texture liking are dependent on sugar concentrations, specific volatile compounds, and fruit firmness, respectively. Overall liking is most greatly influenced by sweetness and strawberry flavor intensity, which are undermined by environmental pressures that reduce sucrose and total volatile content. The volatile profiles among commercial strawberry varieties are complex and distinct, but a list of perceptually impactful compounds from the larger mixture is better defined. Particular esters, terpenes, and furans have the most significant fits to strawberry flavor intensity. In total, thirty-one volatile compounds are found to be significantly correlated to strawberry flavor intensity, only one of them negatively. Further analysis identifies individual volatile compounds that have an enhancing effect on perceived sweetness intensity of fruit independent of sugar content. These findings allow for consumer influence in the breeding of more desirable fruits and vegetables. Also, this approach garners insights into fruit metabolomics, flavor chemistry, and a paradigm for enhancing liking of natural or processed products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Schwieterman,M.L., Colquhoun,T.A., Jaworski,E.A., Bartoshuk,L.M., Gilbert,J.L., Tieman,D.M., Odabasi,A.Z., Moskowitz,H.R., Folta,K.M., Klee,H.J., Sims,C.A., Whitaker,V.M., Clark,D.G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140211 PMCID PMC3921181 Editors
Strength of smoke-free air laws and indoor air quality	2009	Graduate School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 28 Yeungun-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul 110-460, Korea. cleanair@snu.ac.kr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 11 Issue 4 Start Page 381 Other Pages 386 Notes LR: 20141210; GR: R01 HL086450-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Particulate Matter); OID: NLM: PMC2722240; 2009/04/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 19346510 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntp026 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19346510 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Smoke-free air laws have been implemented in many Kentucky communities to protect the public from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke exposure. The impact of different strengths of smoke-free air laws on indoor air quality was assessed. METHODS: Indoor air quality in hospitality venues was assessed in seven communities before and after comprehensive smoke-free air laws and in two communities only after partial smoke-free air laws. One community was measured three times: before any smoke-free air law, after the initial partial law, and after the law was strengthened to cover all workplaces and public places with few exemptions. Real-time measurements of particulate matters with 2.5 mum aerodynamic diameter or smaller (PM(2.5)) were obtained. RESULTS: When comprehensive smoke-free air laws were implemented, indoor PM(2.5) concentrations decreased significantly from 161 to 20 microg/m3. In one community that implemented a comprehensive smoke-free law after initially passing a partial law, indoor PM(2.5) concentrations were 304 microg/m3 before the law, 338 microg/m3 after the partial law, and 9 microg/m3 after the comprehensive law. DISCUSSION: The study clearly demonstrated that partial smoke-free air laws do not improve indoor air quality. A significant linear trend indicated that PM(2.5) levels in the establishments decreased with fewer numbers of burning cigarettes. Only comprehensive smoke-free air laws are effective in reducing indoor air pollution from secondhand tobacco smoke. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/prevention & control, Humans, Kentucky, Particle Size, Particulate Matter/analysis, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lee,K., Hahn,E. J., Robertson,H. E., Lee,S., Vogel,S. L., Travers,M. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090403 PMCID PMC2722240 Editors
Stroke in a scuba diver with patent foramen ovale	2002	Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Universita degli Studi La Sapienza, viale dell'Universita no. 30, 00185 Rome, Italy. carla.buttinelli@uniroma1.it	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of neurology Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Neurol. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 9 Issue 1 Start Page 89 Other Pages 91 Notes LR: 20151113; JID: 9506311; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1351-5101; 1351-5101 Accession Number PMID: 11784382 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; IM DOI 347 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11784382 Abstract Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a frequent condition which carries a significant risk for stroke when associated with deep venous thrombosis and primary or secondary coagulation abnormalities. Here, we describe a patient in which scuba diving is thought to be associated with stroke in a subject with an otherwise clinically silent PFO. During a rapid ascent a 43-year-old-scuba diver reported weakness and paresthesias in the right arm which lasted about 10 min. He presented similar symptoms 2 days later 1 h after diving, and a third time on his flight back home. The MRI showed multiple hyperintense areas on T2-weighted images in the white matter. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed a PFO, whilst all haematological and haemocoagulation tests were negative. Scuba diving may constitute a patho-physiological condition in the presence of PFO as breath-holding promotes right-to-left shunt and arterialization of venous bubbles. Descriptors Adult, Brain/pathology, Diving, Electroencephalography, Electromyography, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications/pathology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Stroke/etiology/pathology/radiography, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Buttinelli,C., Beccia,M., Argentino,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Stroke in South Asian countries	2014		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nat Rev Neurol Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 10 Issue 3 Start Page 135 Other Pages 43 Notes ID: 24514866 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Three of the world's top 10 most populous countries are located in South Asia. The health-care problems of this region are different from those in the developed world, and the rapidly changing socioeconomic scenario, fast-increasing urbanization and longevity, changes in dietary patterns, and decrease in mortality from infectious diseases has made chronic illnesses of old age, such as coronary artery disease and stroke, an important area of focus. This article reviews stroke epidemiology and management issues in four South Asian countries: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. The available literature is limited and mostly hospital-based, and differing study methodologies make direct comparisons difficult. The high prevalence of traditional risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and smoking, in these countries is alarming, and several nontraditional risk factors, such as water-pipe use, desi ghee, chewable tobacco, and infectious causes of stroke, are understudied. Access to tertiary stroke care is limited, and the use of tissue plasminogen activator is scarce. In addition, public and caregiver awareness of stroke risk factors and management is disappointing, and the interest of governments and policy makers in stroke is suboptimal. Interventions to reduce stroke burden and stroke-related mortality in South Asia should have a substantial impact at the global level. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2014.13 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Wasay,Mohammad, Khatri,Ismail A., Kaul,Subhash Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Structural and compositional controls on transpiration in 40- and 450-year-old riparian forests in western Oregon, USA	2004	Moore, G.W., Texas A and M University, Uvalde Research and Extension Center, Uvalde, TX 78801, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tree physiology Periodical, Abbrev. Tree Physiol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 24 Issue 5 Start Page 481 Other Pages 491 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0829-318X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Large areas of forests in the Pacific Northwest are being transformed to younger forests, yet little is known about the impact this may have on hydrological cycles. Previous work suggests that old trees use less water per unit leaf area or sapwood area than young mature trees of the same species in similar environments. Do old forests, therefore, use less water than young mature forests in similar environments, or are there other structural or compositional components in the forests that compensate for tree-level differences? We investigated the impacts of tree age, species composition and sapwood basal area on stand-level transpiration in adjacent watersheds at the H.J. Andrews Forest in the western Cascades of Oregon, one containing a young, mature (about 40 years since disturbance) conifer forest and the other an old growth (about 450 years since disturbance) forest. Sap flow measurements were used to evaluate the degree to which differences in age and species composition affect water use. Stand sapwood basal area was evaluated based on a vegetation survey for species, basal area and sapwood basal area in the riparian area of two watersheds. A simple scaling exercise derived from estimated differences in water use as a result of differences in age, species composition and stand sapwood area was used to estimate transpiration from late June through October within the entire riparian area of these watersheds. Transpiration was higher in the young stand because of greater sap flux density (sap flow per unit sapwood area) by age class and species, and greater total stand sapwood area. During the measurement period, mean daily sap flux density was 2.30 times higher in young compared with old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees. Sap flux density was 1.41 times higher in young red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) compared with young P. menziesii trees, and was 1.45 times higher in old P. menziesii compared with old western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) trees. Overall, sapwood basal area was 21% higher in the young stand than in the old stand. In the old forest, T. heterophylla is an important co-dominant, accounting for 58% of total sapwood basal area, whereas P. menziesii is the only dominant conifer in the young stand. Angiosperms accounted for 36% of total sapwood basal area in the young stand, but only 7% in the old stand. For all factors combined, we estimated 3.27 times more water use by vegetation in the riparian area of the young stand over the measurement period. Tree age had the greatest effect on stand differences in water use, followed by differences in sapwood basal area, and finally species composition. The large differences in transpiration provide further evidence that forest management alters site water balance via elevated transpiration in vigorous young stands. Descriptors alder, article, Douglas fir, forestry, histology, physiology, plant leaf, plant stem, river, species difference, sweating, tree, Tsuga, United States Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Moore,G. W., Bond,B. J., Jones,J. A., Phillips,N., Meinzer,F. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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