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CO exposure, puff topography, and subjective effects in waterpipe tobacco smokers	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine Tob Res Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 11 Issue 7 Start Page 806 Other Pages 11 Notes ID: 19420278 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in popularity though the toxicant exposure and effects associated with this tobacco use method are not well understood. METHODS: Sixty-one waterpipe tobacco smokers (56 males; mean age +/- SD, 30.9 +/- 9.5 years; mean number of weekly waterpipe smoking episodes, 7.8 +/- 5.7; mean duration of waterpipe smoking 8.5 +/- 6.1 years) abstained from smoking for at least 24 hr and then smoked tobacco from a waterpipe ad libitum in a laboratory. Before and after smoking, expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) and subjective effects were assessed; puff topography was measured during smoking. RESULTS: The mean waterpipe use episode duration was 33.1 +/- 13.1 min. Expired-air CO increased significantly from a mean of 4.0 +/- 1.7 before to 35.5 +/- 32.7 after smoking. On average, participants took 169 +/- 100 puffs, with a mean puff volume of 511 +/- 333 ml. Urge to smoke, restlessness, craving, and other tobacco abstinence symptoms were reduced significantly after smoking, while ratings of dizzy, lightheaded, and other direct effects of nicotine increased. DISCUSSION: Expired-air CO and puff topography data indicate that, relative to a single cigarette, a single waterpipe tobacco smoking episode is associated with greater smoke exposure. Abstinent waterpipe tobacco smokers report symptoms similar to those reported by abstinent cigarette smokers, and these symptoms are reduced by subsequent waterpipe tobacco smoking. Taken together, these data are consistent with the notion that waterpipe tobacco smoking is likely associated with the risk of tobacco/nicotine dependence. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Administration, Inhalation, Adult, Equipment Design, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Syria, Water, Young Adult Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699927/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntp066 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Maziak,Wasim, Rastam,Samer, Ibrahim,Iman, Ward,Kenneth D., Shihadeh,Alan, Eissenberg,Thomas Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
CO exposure and puff topography are associated with Lebanese waterpipe dependence scale score	2013	Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 15 Issue 10 Start Page 1782 Other Pages 1786 Notes LR: 20150427; GR: R01 DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03TW008371./TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 23616231 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntt049 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23616231 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking involves self-administration of the dependence-producing drug nicotine. Few studies have examined if dependence in waterpipe smokers influences toxicant exposure and smoking behavior. METHOD: Current waterpipe tobacco smokers were categorized based on Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale-11 (LWDS-11) score (LWDS-11: LOW 13; N = 59). Participants abstained from smoking for 12 hr and then completed a single 30-min waterpipe tobacco smoking episode. Expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) was measured before and 5 min after smoking and puff topography was measured during smoking. RESULTS: Total mean smoking time was 30.9 min (SD = 3.5) and did not differ significantly by LWDS-11 score. CO boost was greater for participants in the HIGH versus LOW groups (62.3 vs. 43.6 ppm, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Alzoubi,K.H., Khabour,O.F., Azab,M., Shqair,D.M., Shihadeh,A., Primack,B., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130424 PMCID PMC3842104 Editors
CO and CO2 analysis in the diving gas of the fishermen of the Yucatan Peninsula	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc Periodical, Abbrev. Undersea Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Aug Volume 42 Issue 4 Start Page 297 Other Pages 305 Notes JID: 9312954; 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1066-2936; 1066-2936 Accession Number PMID: 26403015 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26403015 Abstract It is reported that more than 75% of 400 artisanal fisherman divers working off the Yucatan Peninsula experience decompression sickness (DCS) each year, making DCS an epidemic in this region. These divers use primitive hookah diving support systems (HDSS). Breathing air is supplied from inadequately filtered and poorly maintained gasoline-powered air compressors. We hypothesized that air supplies could be contaminated. Air contamination could produce symptoms consistent with some presentations of DCS. This could confound and falsely elevate the true incidence of DCS. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in a fishing community. Ten fishermen from a single cohort participated. Fishermen were instructed not to drain volume tanks following their last dive of the day before their diving air was sampled. Drager carbon monoxide (CO) 5/a-P and carbon dioxide (CO2) 100/a Short-term Tubes were used to measure 1.0 liters (L) of gas through a Visi-Float flow meter at 0.2 L/minute. Average CO value was 42 ppm (8-150 ppm). Average CO2 was 663 ppm (600-800). Measurements exceeded recommended diving norms for CO of 20 ppm. CO2 exceeded one diving organization recommendation of 500 ppm. Separation of engine exhaust from compressor intake could decrease CO values in HDSS to acceptable standards thus eliminating one possible confounder from this DCS epidemic. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chin,W., Huchim,O., Wegrzyn,G.H., Sprau,S.E., Salas,S., Markovitz,G.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
CNT-TiO2 coating bonded onto stainless steel wire as a novel solid-phase microextraction fiber	2013	Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Talanta Periodical, Abbrev. Talanta Pub Date Free Form 30-Sep Volume 114 Issue Start Page 60 Other Pages 65 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 2984816R; 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 12597-68-1 (Stainless Steel); 15FIX9V2JP (titanium dioxide); D1JT611TNE (Titanium); OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/12/19 [received]; 20 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3573; 0039-9140 Accession Number PMID: 23953442 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.04.005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23953442 Abstract A novel solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber based on carbon nanotubes-titanium oxide (CNT-TiO2) composite coating bonded onto stainless steel wire was prepared via electroless plating and sol-gel techniques. The SPME coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Raman microscopy. Coupled to gas chromatography (GC), the fiber was investigated with seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in direct-immersion mode. The SPME-GC analytical method was evaluated under optimized extraction conditions. Compared with other reports, higher sensitivity (LODs, 0.002-0.004 mug L(-1)) and better linear range (0.01-100 and 0.01-200 mug L(-1)) were obtained by the proposed method. The fiber exhibited high thermal stability to 300 degrees C and excellent durability in HCl and NaOH solutions. The as-established SPME-GC method was used to analyze the real water samples and satisfactory results were obtained. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Sun,M., Feng,J., Qiu,H., Fan,L., Li,X., Luo,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130412 PMCID Editors
Clustered marginalization of minorities during social transitions induced by co-evolution of behaviour and network structure	2016	Climate Analytics, Berlin, Germany.; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany.; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany.; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.; Cognitive Neuro	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Scientific reports Periodical, Abbrev. Sci.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 11-Aug Volume 6 Issue Start Page 30790 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160820; JID: 101563288; OID: NLM: PMC4980617; 2016/02/17 [received]; 2016/07/11 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2045-2322; 2045-2322 Accession Number PMID: 27510641 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1038/srep30790 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27510641 Abstract Large-scale transitions in societies are associated with both individual behavioural change and restructuring of the social network. These two factors have often been considered independently, yet recent advances in social network research challenge this view. Here we show that common features of societal marginalization and clustering emerge naturally during transitions in a co-evolutionary adaptive network model. This is achieved by explicitly considering the interplay between individual interaction and a dynamic network structure in behavioural selection. We exemplify this mechanism by simulating how smoking behaviour and the network structure get reconfigured by changing social norms. Our results are consistent with empirical findings: The prevalence of smoking was reduced, remaining smokers were preferentially connected among each other and formed increasingly marginalized clusters. We propose that self-amplifying feedbacks between individual behaviour and dynamic restructuring of the network are main drivers of the transition. This generative mechanism for co-evolution of individual behaviour and social network structure may apply to a wide range of examples beyond smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Schleussner,C.F., Donges,J.F., Engemann,D.A., Levermann,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160811 PMCID PMC4980617 Editors
Cluster of Ebola Virus Disease, Bong and Montserrado Counties, Liberia	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Emerging infectious diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Emerg.Infect.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 21 Issue 7 Start Page 1253 Other Pages 1256 Notes LR: 20150701; JID: 9508155; OID: NLM: PMC4480411; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1080-6059; 1080-6040 Accession Number PMID: 26079309 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.3201/eid2107.150511 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26079309 Abstract Lack of trust in government-supported services after the death of a health care worker with symptoms of Ebola resulted in ongoing Ebola transmission in 2 Liberia counties. Ebola transmission was facilitated by attempts to avoid cremation of the deceased patient and delays in identifying and monitoring contacts. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nyenswah,T.G., Fallah,M., Calvert,G.M., Duwor,S., Hamilton,E.D., Mokashi,V., Arzoaquoi,S., Dweh,E., Burbach,R., Dlouhy,D., Oeltmann,J.E., Moonan,P.K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4480411 Editors
Clinical, metabolic, and psychological characteristics in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease overlap with irritable bowel syndrome	2015	aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital bDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei cSchool of Medicine dDepartment o	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Gastroenterol.Hepatol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 27 Issue 5 Start Page 516 Other Pages 522 Notes JID: 9000874; 0 (Lipoproteins, HDL); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1473-5687; 0954-691X Accession Number PMID: 25822860 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000334 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25822860 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are highly prevalent in the general population, with significant symptom overlap, whereas the interaction between both remains poorly understood. We aim to identify the clinical and psychological factors that contribute toward the overlap of GERD and IBS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We carried out a case-control study among 806 GERD and 176 IBS patients from a health check-up cohort (n=2604). All participants were evaluated using the Reflux Disease Questionnaire score, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, the Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire score, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score. Endoscopic findings were classified according to the Los Angeles classification. IBS was diagnosed on the basis of Rome III criteria, and metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition. RESULTS: Among the study population, 727 individuals had GERD, 97 individuals had IBS, and 79 individuals had a diagnosis of both GERD and IBS (GERD-I). GERD-I patients had more severe GERD symptoms compared with patients with GERD or IBS alone (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hsu,C.S., Liu,T.T., Wen,S.H., Wang,C.C., Yi,C.H., Chen,J.H., Lei,W.Y., Orr,W.C., Fabio,P., Chen,C.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Clinical observations in 67 cases of arteritis	1973	Fac. Med., Meshed Univ., Meshed	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Folia Angiologica Periodical, Abbrev. FOLIA ANGIOL. Pub Date Free Form 1973/ Volume 21 Issue 8-Jul Start Page 220 Other Pages 224 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0428-8246 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract 67 cases of thromboangiitis obliterans were observed between 1961 to 1972. They were all young people who were heavy smokers. Two of 67 cases were females and they smoked waterpipes. One male dipped snuff for 8 yr. The routine treatment after insisting upon complete abstinence from smoking was sympathectomy completed with superrenalectomy. The results were very good. 11 of the patients who continued smoking lost their legs, one of them after 13 operations. Descriptors arteritis, Buerger disease, etiology, internal medicine, major clinical study, smoking, surgery, therapy Links Book Title A PROPOS DE 67 CAS D'ARTERITES OBSERVES CHEZ NOS PATIENTS (64 CAS CHEZ LES JEUNES, 2 CAS CHEZ LES FUMEURS DE NARGUILE, UN CAS CHEZ LES HABITUES DU TABAC A PRISER) Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Shahidi,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Clinical management of patients and deceased during the Ebola outbreak from October to December 2003 in Republic of Congo	2005	(Ministere de la sante et de la population, Brazzaville, Congo.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique (1990) Periodical, Abbrev. Bull.Soc.Pathol.Exot. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 98 Issue 3 Start Page 218 Other Pages 223 Notes LR: 20081121; JID: 9212564; 0 (Analgesics, Non-Narcotic); 0 (Medical Waste Disposal); ppublish Place of Publication France ISSN/ISBN 0037-9085; 0037-9085 Accession Number PMID: 16267964 Language fre SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16267964 Abstract Outbreaks of Ebola virus hemorrhagic fever (EVHF) have been reported since 2001 in the Cuvette Ouest department, a forested area located in the Western North of Congo. At the end of October 2003 a new alarm came from this department which was quickly confirmed as being an epidemic of EVHF. The outbreak response was organized by the ministry of health with the assistance of an international team under the aegis of WHO. The case management of suspect cases was done in an isolation ward set up at the hospital; when patients refused to go to the ward for care they were isolated in their house according to a protocol "transmission risks reduction at home". Safe burials were performed by specialized teams which respected the major aspects of the funeral to allow the process of mourning of the families. An active surveillance system was set up in order to organize the detection of new cases and the follow-up of their contacts. A case definition was adopted. From October 11 to December 2, 2003, 35 cases including 29 deaths were reported, 16 cases were laboratory confirmed. The first four cases had been exposed to monkey meat (Cercopithecus nictitans). The epidemic spread was due to family transmission. The population interpretation of the disease, in particular questions around wizards and evil-minded persons, is a factor which must be taken into account by the medical teams during communication meetings for behavioral change of the populations. The case management of patient in isolation wards to prevent the transmission of the virus in the community remains the most effective means to dam up Ebola virus hemorrhagic fever outbreaks. The good perception by the community of the safe funerary procedures is an important aspect in the establishment of confidence relations with the local population. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/therapeutic use, Animals, Attitude to Death, Attitude to Health, Case Management/organization & administration, Cercopithecus/virology, Child, Child, Preschool, Congo/epidemiology, Containment of Biohazards, Culture, Dehydration/etiology/prevention & control, Disease Outbreaks, Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control, Female, Fluid Therapy, Food Microbiology, Funeral Rites, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control/psychology/transmission, Humans, Infant, International Cooperation, Male, Meat/adverse effects/virology, Medical Waste Disposal, Middle Aged, Mobile Health Units, Patient Isolation, Population Surveillance, Quarantine, World Health Organization Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Boumandouki,P., Formenty,P., Epelboin,A., Campbell,P., Atsangandoko,C., Allarangar,Y., Leroy,E. M., Kone,M. L., Molamou,A., Dinga-Longa,O., Salemo,A., Kounkou,R. Y., Mombouli,V., Ibara,J. R., Gaturuku,P., Nkunku,S., Lucht,A., Feldmann,H. Original/Translated Title Prise en charge des malades et des defunts lors de l'epidemie de fievre hemorragique due au virus Ebola d'octobre a decembre 2003 au Congo URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Clinical laboratory assessment of the abuse liability of an electronic cigarette	2012	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 107 Issue 8 Start Page 1493 Other Pages 1500 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: (c) 2012 The Authors, Addiction (c) 2012; GR: R01 CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA120142-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA 120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32 DA007027/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 22229871 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03791.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22229871 Abstract AIMS: To provide an initial abuse liability assessment of an electronic cigarette (EC) in current tobacco cigarette smokers. DESIGN: The first of four within-subject sessions was an EC sampling session that involved six, 10-puff bouts (30 seconds inter-puff interval), each bout separated by 30 minutes. In the remaining three sessions participants made choices between 10 EC puffs and varying amounts of money, 10 EC puffs and a varying number of own brand cigarette (OB) puffs, or 10 OB puffs and varying amounts of money using the multiple-choice procedure (MCP). The MCP was completed six times at 30-minute intervals, and one choice was reinforced randomly at each trial. SETTING: Clinical laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty current tobacco cigarette smokers. MEASUREMENTS: Sampling session outcome measures included plasma nicotine, cardiovascular response and subjective effects. Choice session outcome was the cross-over value on the MCP. FINDINGS: EC use resulted in significant nicotine delivery, tobacco abstinence symptom suppression and increased product acceptability ratings. On the MCP, participants chose to receive 10 EC puffs over an average of $1.06 or three OB puffs and chose 10 OB puffs over an average of $1.50 (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for the Study of Addiction Data Source Authors Vansickel,A.R., Weaver,M.F., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120508 PMCID PMC3330136 Editors

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