WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Reproductive toxicity to male mice of nose only exposure to water- pipe smoke	2015	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, Oman.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology Periodical, Abbrev. Cell.Physiol.Biochem. Pub Date Free Form Volume 35 Issue 1 Start Page 29 Other Pages 37 Notes JID: 9113221; 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Estrogens); 0 (Leptin); 0 (VEGFR2 protein, mouse); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone); 9002-67-9 (Luteinizing Hormone); EC 2.7.10.1 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2); EC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phospha Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1421-9778; 1015-8987 Accession Number PMID: 25547785 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1159/000369672 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25547785 Abstract BACKGROUND/AIMS: Water-pipe smoking (WPS) is popular in the Middle East and is starting to gain popularity in several Western countries as well. It is widely and erroneously perceived to be less harmful than other forms of tobacco use. The reproductive adverse effects of cigarette smoking have been studied before with conflicting results, but data on the possible adverse reproductive effects of WPS are lacking. Here, we assessed the effects of nose-only exposure to mainstream WPS generated by commercially available honey-flavored "moasel" tobacco in mice. METHODS: The duration of the session was 30 min/day for one month. Control mice were exposed to air. Twenty-four h after the last exposure, mice were killed and the testes and plasma removed for analysis. In testicular homogenates total protein, alkaline phosphatase activity, several indices of oxidative damage and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) were quantified. The plasma concentrations of leptin, testosterone, estrogen and luteinizing hormone (LH) were also measured. Histological analysis of testes and lungs was also conducted. RESULTS: WPS caused statistically significant decreases in the plasma concentrations of leptin, testosterone, and LH, and in the concentrations of total protein and the antioxidant indices measured. A statistically non-significant decrease in VEGFR2 protein in the WPS--exposed mice compared to the control mice was also found. The body and testicular weights of mice exposed to WPS, as well as their testicular alkaline phosphatase activity and light microscopic histology, and plasma estrogen concentration were all not significantly affected by WPS. CONCLUSION: Further studies on the functional implications of these findings in mice exposed to WPS for longer durations are warranted. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ali,B.H., Adham,S.A., Al Balushi,K.A., Shalaby,A., Waly,M.I., Manoj,P., Beegam,S., Yuvaraju,P., Nemmar,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150102 PMCID Editors
Social Media Use for Public Health Campaigning in a Low Resource Setting: The Case of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking	2015	Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK.; Poole, UK.; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK.; Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Leba	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BioMed research international Periodical, Abbrev. Biomed.Res.Int. Pub Date Free Form Volume 2015 Issue Start Page 562586 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150816; JID: 101600173; OID: NLM: PMC4529915; 2014/11/21 [received]; 2015/01/12 [revised]; 2015/01/19 [accepted]; 2015/07/26 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 2314-6141 Accession Number PMID: 26273631 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1155/2015/562586 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26273631 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking prevalence is increasing worldwide despite its documented health effects. A general belief that it is less harmful than cigarettes may be fuelled by the lack of media campaigns highlighting its health effects. We aimed to create and assess the impact of a social media campaign about dangers of waterpipe smoking. METHODS: The "ShishAware" campaign included three social media (Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube) and a website. Nine months after launch we collected data to assess use of, and reaction to, our media accounts. RESULTS: Requiring limited maintenance resources, Facebook attracted campaign supporters but YouTube attracted opposers. Twitter enabled the most organisation-based contact but Facebook was the most interactive medium. Facebook users were more likely to "like" weekday than weekend statuses and more likely to comment on "shisha fact" than "current affairs" statuses. Follower subscription increased as our posting rate increased. Our YouTube video gained 19,428 views (from all world continents) and 218 comments (86% from pro-waterpipe smokers). CONCLUSIONS: Social media campaigns can be created and maintained relatively easily. They are innovative and have the potential for wide and rapid diffusion, especially towards target audiences. There is a need for more rigorous evaluation of their effects, particularly among the youth. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jawad,M., Abass,J., Hariri,A., Akl,E.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150726 PMCID PMC4529915 Editors
The global epidemiology of waterpipe smoking	2015	Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria.; Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, Florida In	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 24 Suppl 1 Issue Start Page i3 Other Pages i12 Notes LR: 20150423; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 25298368 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051903 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25298368 Abstract OBJECTIVES: In the past decade, waterpipe smoking (a.k.a. hookah, shisha, narghile) has become a global phenomenon. In this review, we provide an updated picture of the main epidemiological trends in waterpipe smoking globally. DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed publications indexed in major biomedical databases between 2004 and 2014. Search keywords included a combination of: waterpipe, hookah, shisha along with epidemiology, patterns, prevalence and predictors. We also used different spellings of waterpipe terms commonly used. STUDY SELECTION: The focus was on studies with large representative samples, national data or high-quality reports that illuminated aspects of the epidemiology and trends in waterpipe smoking. DATA EXTRACTION: Multiple researchers extracted the data independently and collectively decided on the most important and pertinent studies to include in the review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Waterpipe smoking has become a global phenomenon among youth. The global waterpipe epidemic is likely driven by (1) the introduction of manufactured flavoured tobacco (Maassel); (2) the intersection between waterpipe's social dimension and thriving cafe culture; (3) the evolution of mass communication media; (4) the lack of regulatory/policy framework specific to the waterpipe. Waterpipe smoking is becoming the most popular tobacco use method among youth in the Middle East, and is quickly gaining popularity elsewhere. Important patterns of waterpipe smoking include the predominance among younger, male, high socioeconomic, and urban groups. Intermittent and social use are also noted patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking has become a global public health problem. Developing surveillance, intervention and regulatory/policy frameworks specific to the waterpipe has become a public health priority. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Maziak,W., Taleb,Z.B., Bahelah,R., Islam,F., Jaber,R., Auf,R., Salloum,R.G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141008 PMCID PMC4345835 Editors
Psycho-social Needs Impact on Hookah Smoking Initiation among Women: A Qualitative Study from Iran	2015	Community-Based Participatory Research Center, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Reproductive Health, Prenatal and Delivery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form 24-Aug Volume 6 Issue Start Page 79 Other Pages 7802.163374. eCollection 2015 Notes LR: 20151004; JID: 101535380; OID: NLM: PMC4564902; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015 [ecollection]; 2014/06/08 [received]; 2015/04/13 [accepted]; 2015/08/24 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication Iran ISSN/ISBN 2008-7802; 2008-7802 Accession Number PMID: 26425334 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.4103/2008-7802.163374 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26425334 Abstract BACKGROUND: In Iranian women, the use of hookah is the most common method of tobacco smoking. This study aimed to find the role of psycho-social needs and gaps as a possible risk factor for hookah smoking initiation in women. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted during 2012-2013 in Tehran, Iran. Thirty-six women participated in the study. They were current or former users of hookah. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews and was analyzed through content analysis. RESULTS: Four main categories were identified from the data. This study focused on the category: Psycho-social needs and gaps. This category has five sub-categories which explain why women begin to smoke hookah including curiosity; desire for non-feminine, forbidden, and negative activities; need for amusement and recreation; for others: To show off; attract attention; satisfy and join others and protection. CONCLUSIONS: From this study, a variety of factors which contribute to the initiation of hookah smoking among women have been identified. Keeping young girls and women away from seemingly happy gatherings of hookah smokers; Providing appropriate recreational facilities for young women and training families on how to help their children in the event of a crisis-like intention to take up smoking behavior, can be some effective ways for reducing hookah smoking initiation among women. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Baheiraei,A., Shahbazi Sighaldeh,S., Ebadi,A., Kelishadi,R., Majdzadeh,S.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150824 PMCID PMC4564902 Editors
Tobacco Use Among Arab Immigrants Living in Colorado: Prevalence and Cultural Predictors	2015	University of Texas Health Sciences Center in Houston, TX, USA Dana.g.elhajj@uth.tmc.edu.; University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.; University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.; University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.; University of Col	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society / Transcultural Nursing Society Periodical, Abbrev. J.Transcult.Nurs. Pub Date Free Form 18-Nov Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20151121; CI: (c) The Author(s) 2015; JID: 9001407; OTO: NOTNLM; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1552-7832; 1043-6596 Accession Number PMID: 26586697 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 1043659615617512 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26586697 Abstract PURPOSE: The authors determined the prevalence of smoking among Arab immigrants living in Colorado. The authors also evaluated the relationship between acculturation and tobacco use, including both cigarettes and hookah among Arab immigrants. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey of 100 adult Arab immigrants living in Colorado was carried out. RESULTS: The results revealed that 19% of the study participants were current cigarette smokers and 21% were current hookah smokers. Participants who were more integrated into Arab culture were more likely to use tobacco products (p = .03) and to have family members (p = .02) and friends who use tobacco products (p = .007). CONCLUSIONS: Acculturation plays a major role in affecting the health habits of Arab immigrants living in Colorado, especially in the area of hookah smoking. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Understanding some culturally relevant predictors of tobacco use might assist health care providers in designing successful smoking cessation programs. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors El Hajj,D.G., Cook,P.F., Magilvy,K., Galbraith,M.E., Gilbert,L., Corwin,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151118 PMCID Editors
Hookah Use Predicts Cigarette Smoking Progression Among College Smokers	2015	Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA; Mental Health Care Line, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA; nmdoran@ucsd.edu.; San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 17 Issue 11 Start Page 1347 Other Pages 1353 Notes CI: (c) The Author 2015; JID: 9815751; 2014/09/08 [received]; 2014/12/22 [accepted]; 2015/01/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25586774 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu343 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25586774 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Hookah use is increasingly common among U.S. college students, but little is known regarding the relationship between hookah and cigarette use. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the added nicotine exposure from hookah use may accelerate the uptake of cigarettes. METHODS: An ethnically diverse sample of college students (n = 256; 43% female) who had smoked cigarettes in the past month completed 2 in-person interviews over 6 months. This study was a secondary analysis of data collected for a longitudinal study of young adult cigarette smoking patterns. Analyses examined 6-month changes in past 30 day cigarettes smoked and number of days smoking, controlling for age, nicotine dependence, marijuana use, and the respective baseline variable for each outcome. RESULTS: Current hookah use (any use in past 30 days) was endorsed by 34% of participants at baseline, while 94% reported lifetime use. Change in past 30 day number of cigarettes (p = .043) and number of smoking days (p = .040) differed significantly between those who did or did not report recent hookah use at baseline. Hookah users reported a greater number of cigarettes smoked at the 6-month follow-up, while nonusers decreased their smoking quantity. For number of smoking days in the past 30, hookah users reported a smaller decrease than nonusers. CONCLUSIONS: Recent hookah use predicted increased cigarette smoking over 6 months in a college sample. These are the first prospective data demonstrating this relationship, indicating the value of developing strategies to prevent hookah use among college students. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Doran,N., Godfrey,K.M., Myers,M.G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150112 PMCID Editors
Acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, shortly after occupational exposure to polluted muddy water, in a previously healthy subject	2015	Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, Italia.; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, Italia.; Department of Radiology and Imaging, Sa	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia Periodical, Abbrev. J.Bras.Pneumol. Pub Date Free Form Sep-Oct Volume 41 Issue 5 Start Page 473 Other Pages 477 Notes LR: 20151120; JID: 101222274; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); OID: NLM: PMC4635095; 2015/02/23 [received]; 2015/07/28 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Brazil ISSN/ISBN 1806-3756; 1806-3713 Accession Number PMID: 26578140 Language eng; por SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1590/S1806-37132015000000108 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26578140 Abstract Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) predominantly occurs in severely neutropenic immunocompromised subjects. The occurrence of acute IPA after brief but massive exposure to Aspergillus conidia in previously healthy subjects has been documented, although only six such cases have been reported. The diagnosis was delayed in all six of the affected patients, five of whom died. We report the case of a 50-year-old HIV-negative male, a water pipeline maintenance worker, who presented with acute-onset dyspnea and fever one day after working for 2 h in a deep pit containing polluted, muddy water. Over a one-month period, his general condition deteriorated markedly, despite antibiotic therapy. Imaging showed bilateral diffuse nodules with cavitation, some of which were surrounded by ground-glass opacity suggestive of a halo sign (a hallmark of IPA). Cultures (of sputum/bronchial aspirate samples) and serology were positive for Aspergillus fumigatus. After being started on itraconazole, the patient improved. We conclude that massive exposure to Aspergillus conidia can lead to acute IPA in immunocompetent subjects. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pilaniya,V., Gera,K., Gothi,R., Shah,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4635095 Editors
Women smoking in the Tunisian center: socio demographic characteristics and effects on functional respiratory parameters	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full La Tunisie medicale Periodical, Abbrev. Tunis.Med. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 93 Issue 5 Start Page 287 Other Pages 293 Notes JID: 0413766; 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication Tunisia ISSN/ISBN 0041-4131; 0041-4131 Accession Number PMID: 26578044 Language fre SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI /article-medicale-tunisie.php?article=2807 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26578044 Abstract Objectives of this study were to describe sociodemographic characteristics of Tunisian woman smoker and to study her respiratory functional profile. METHODS: all women answered for a questionnaire and benefited of a total physical plethysmography and of a carbon monoxide lung transfer measure (TLCO). RESULTS: 101 smoking women were selected. These women consumed cigarettes (74 %), the snuff "neffa "(10 %) and the water pipe (15 %). A chronic bronchitis was present at 22 women. A proximal bronchial obstruction was found at 11 women who were consumer of the "neffa" and cigarettes. A lower airway obstruction was found in all women consumer of water pipe. The TLCO was low at "neffa" group of women. CONCLUSION: woman smoking has a negative influence on pulmonary function which depends on sociocultural characteristics and on the history of smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rouatbi,S., Mezghenni,S., Ayachi,M., Benzarti,M. Original/Translated Title La tabagisme au feminin au centre Tunisien : Caracteristiques sociodemographiques et retentissement fonctionnel respiratoire URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
"A cold shower": electrical magnetic interference caused by water heater current leakage through shower water pipe inducing ICD shock	2015	University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.; Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia, Italy.; Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia, Italy.; Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia, Italy.; University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.; University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy. Electronic address: natale.brunetti@unif	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of cardiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Cardiol. Pub Date Free Form 1-Mar Volume 182 Issue Start Page 279 Other Pages 280 Notes JID: 8200291; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/12/05 [received]; 2014/12/29 [accepted]; 2014/12/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1874-1754; 0167-5273 Accession Number PMID: 25585363 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Letter; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.12.122 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25585363 Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Santoro,F., Pellegrino,P.L., D'Arienzo,G., Ziccardi,L., Di Biase,M., Brunetti,N.D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141230 PMCID Editors
Association of Electronic Cigarette Use With Initiation of Combustible Tobacco Product Smoking in Early Adolescence	2015	Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles2Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Jama Periodical, Abbrev. JAMA Pub Date Free Form 18-Aug Volume 314 Issue 7 Start Page 700 Other Pages 707 Notes LR: 20160302; GR: F31 DA039708/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 CA180905/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50-CA180905/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA026831/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA033296/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1538-3598; 0098-7484 Accession Number PMID: 26284721 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; AIM; IM DOI 10.1001/jama.2015.8950 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26284721 Abstract IMPORTANCE: Exposure to nicotine in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is becoming increasingly common among adolescents who report never having smoked combustible tobacco. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether e-cigarette use among 14-year-old adolescents who have never tried combustible tobacco is associated with risk of initiating use of 3 combustible tobacco products (ie, cigarettes, cigars, and hookah). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Longitudinal repeated assessment of a school-based cohort at baseline (fall 2013, 9th grade, mean age = 14.1 years) and at a 6-month follow-up (spring 2014, 9th grade) and a 12-month follow-up (fall 2014, 10th grade). Ten public high schools in Los Angeles, California, were recruited through convenience sampling. Participants were students who reported never using combustible tobacco at baseline and completed follow-up assessments at 6 or 12 months (N = 2530). At each time point, students completed self-report surveys during in-classroom data collections. EXPOSURE: Student self-report of whether he or she ever used e-cigarettes (yes or no) at baseline. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Six- and 12-month follow-up reports on use of any of the following tobacco products within the prior 6 months: (1) any combustible tobacco product (yes or no); (2) combustible cigarettes (yes or no), (3) cigars (yes or no); (4) hookah (yes or no); and (5) number of combustible tobacco products (range: 0-3). RESULTS: Past 6-month use of any combustible tobacco product was more frequent in baseline e-cigarette ever users (n = 222) than never users (n = 2308) at the 6-month follow-up (30.7% vs 8.1%, respectively; difference between groups in prevalence rates, 22.7% [95% CI, 16.4%-28.9%]) and at the 12-month follow-up (25.2% vs 9.3%, respectively; difference between groups, 15.9% [95% CI, 10.0%-21.8%]). Baseline e-cigarette use was associated with greater likelihood of use of any combustible tobacco product averaged across the 2 follow-up periods in the unadjusted analyses (odds ratio [OR], 4.27 [95% CI, 3.19-5.71]) and in the analyses adjusted for sociodemographic, environmental, and intrapersonal risk factors for smoking (OR, 2.73 [95% CI, 2.00-3.73]). Product-specific analyses showed that baseline e-cigarette use was positively associated with combustible cigarette (OR, 2.65 [95% CI, 1.73-4.05]), cigar (OR, 4.85 [95% CI, 3.38-6.96]), and hookah (OR, 3.25 [95% CI, 2.29-4.62]) use and with the number of different combustible products used (OR, 4.26 [95% CI, 3.16-5.74]) averaged across the 2 follow-up periods. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among high school students in Los Angeles, those who had ever used e-cigarettes at baseline compared with nonusers were more likely to report initiation of combustible tobacco use over the next year. Further research is needed to understand whether this association may be causal. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Leventhal,A.M., Strong,D.R., Kirkpatrick,M.G., Unger,J.B., Sussman,S., Riggs,N.R., Stone,M.D., Khoddam,R., Samet,J.M., Audrain-McGovern,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4771179 Editors

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