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Title Sort ascending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Concentrations of the carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in sidestream cigarette smoke increase after release into indoor air: results from unpublished tobacco industry research	2007	Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education and the Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Box 0854, San Francisco, CA 94143-1390, USA. sschick@medsfgh.ucsf.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 16 Issue 8 Start Page 1547 Other Pages 1553 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: CA-87472/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9200608; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Nitrosamines); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide); 64091-91-4 (4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone); 6M3C89Z Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1055-9965; 1055-9965 Accession Number PMID: 17684127 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 16/8/1547 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17684127 Abstract Research has shown that the toxicity of sidestream cigarette smoke, the primary constituent of secondhand smoke, increases over time. To find potential mechanisms that would explain the increase in sidestream smoke toxicity over time, we analyzed unpublished research reports from Philip Morris Co. using the internal tobacco industry documents now available at the University of California San Francisco Legacy Tobacco Documents Library and other Web sites. Unpublished research from Philip Morris Tobacco Company shows that 4-(methylnitrosamino)-I-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a highly carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamine, can form in sidestream cigarette smoke after it has been released into ambient air. In experiments done between 1983 and 1997, Philip Morris scientists measured the concentration of NNK in sidestream smoke in a sealed stainless steel test chamber at initial particle concentrations of 24 mg/m(3) over the course of 6 to 18 h. They repeatedly showed that airborne NNK concentrations in sidestream cigarette smoke can increase by 50% to 200% per hour during the first 6 h after cigarettes are extinguished. Two experiments done in a real office showed that NNK concentrations increase for the first 2 h after cigarettes are extinguished. If NNK formation also occurs in the lower smoke concentrations observed in real smoking environments, these results suggest that nitrosation of nicotine and/or nicotine breakdown products in aging secondhand smoke is a significant contributor to nitrosamine exposure in humans. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Carcinogens/analysis/chemistry, Humans, Humidity, Nicotine/chemistry, Nitric Oxide/analysis/chemistry, Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis/chemistry, Nitrosamines/analysis/chemistry, Nitrosation, Temperature, Time Factors, Tobacco Industry, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Schick,S. F., Glantz,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Concentrations of bisphenol a, bisphenol a diglycidyl ether, and their derivatives in canned foods in Japanese markets	2008	Nihon Waters KK, Katokichi Shin-Osaka Building, Osaka, Japan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Agric.Food Chem. Pub Date Free Form 26-Mar Volume 56 Issue 6 Start Page 2041 Other Pages 2047 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0374755; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Phenols); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); MLT3645I99 (bisphenol A); 2008/02/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0021-8561; 0021-8561 Accession Number PMID: 18284199 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1021/jf073106n [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18284199 Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), and their derivatives in 38 canned foods sold in Japan were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). BPA, BADGE, BADGE.2H 2O, BADGE.HCl.H2O, BADGE.HCl, and BADGE.2HCl were 0-235.4, 0-3.4, 0-247.2, 0.2-196.4, 0-3.0, and 0-25.7 ng/g, respectively, which did not exceed acceptable daily intake for BPA and specific migration limit for BADGEs. BADGE was degraded by 58, 100, 46, and 58% in water (pH 7), 0.01 N HCl (pH 2), 0.01 N NaCl (pH 6.8), and 0.01 N NaCl with acetic acid (pH 2.5), respectively, when it was allowed to stand at 120 degrees C for 30 min. The prominent derivatives formed were BADGE.2H 2O and BADGE.HCl.H2O, which was formed not only in BADGE with added HCl but also in that with NaCl. Acetic acid accelerated the formation of both BADGE.2H2O and BADGE.HCl.H2O in NaCl. No BPA was detected in any simulation samples started from BADGE. The results suggest that BPA and BADGE are independently leached into canned foods and that BADGE is easily changed to more stable compounds such as BADGE.2H2O and BADGE.HCl.H2O by sterilization. Descriptors Benzhydryl Compounds, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Epoxy Compounds/analysis, Food Handling/methods, Food Packaging, Food Preservation, Hot Temperature, Japan, Mass Spectrometry, Phenols/analysis, Sterilization Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yonekubo,J., Hayakawa,K., Sajiki,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080220 PMCID Editors
Concentrations and ozone formation potentials of BTEX during 2008-2010 in urban Beijing, China	2013	College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China. caohy@dq.cern.ac.cn	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.] Periodical, Abbrev. Huan Jing Ke Xue. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 34 Issue 6 Start Page 2065 Other Pages 2070 Notes JID: 8405344; 0 (Aerosols); 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Organic Chemicals); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); 66H7ZZK23N (Ozone); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 0250-3301; 0250-3301 Accession Number PMID: 23947015 Language chi SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23947015 Abstract Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and dimethylbenzene are typical anthropogenic emitted organics in the atmosphere, which not only endanger human health but also actively participate in photochemical reactions, generating O3 and secondary organic aerosols. In order to investigate the pollution level and its ozone formation potentials, concentrations of BTEX and O3 were parallel measured by the passive sampler and analyzed using GC-MS and ICS-90 during 2008-2010 in urban Beijing. The results show that toluene was the most abundant compound (8.7 +/- 3.1) microg x m(-3), followed by benzene, ethylbenzene and m/p-xylene, with concentrations of (7.1 +/- 3.3), (4.2 +/- 1.4) and (3.4 +/- 1.5) microg x m(-3), respectively. Concentrations of BTEX peaked in winter, followed by autumn, summer, and spring, with values of (26.8 +/- 12.1), (25.9 +/- 4.9), (24.7 +/- 2.8) and (16.8 +/- 1.4) microg x m(-3), respectively. Benzene concentrations were the highest in winter, while for toluene, the concentration was higher in summer than that in winter. Based on the maximum incremental reactivity scale, m/p-xylene was found to be the dominant contributor to ozone formation among BTEX. The ozone formation potentials of BTEX in Beijing were 65.2, 60.2, and 75.7 microg x m(-3) in 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively, which were consistent with the measured values of 80.5, 65.0, and 101.9 microg x m(-3) during the corresponding period. Vehicular emission and solvent evaporation were the major sources of BTEX. Concentrations of benzene were affected by coal heating in winter, whereas BTEX concentration was more influenced by solvent evaporation in summer, which had an important contribution to the formation of O3 in urban Beijing. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cao,H.Y., Pan,Y.P., Wang,H., Tan,J.H., Wang,Y.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Concentration of heavy metals in drinking water of different localities in district east Karachi.	2001	Jaleel, M.A., Department of Bio-chemistry, Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC Periodical, Abbrev. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad Pub Date Free Form / Volume 13 Issue 4 Start Page 12 Other Pages 15 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1025-9589 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Several heavy metals are present in drinking water that play important roles in the body provided their level remains within the specified range recommended by WHO. But now due to the industrialization and rapid urbanization, the problems of pollution have surfaced. This study was designed to ascertain the contents of some heavy metals and then their variations if any in drinking water in different localities of district East of Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS: Drinking water samples were collected from different sources and localities of district East of Karachi. The concentration of the heavy metals i.e. Lead, Arsenic, Copper, Iron, Mercury, Chromium, Manganese, Nickel, Cadmium and Zinc were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. PH was estimated by pH meter. Total dissolved solids (TDS) were calculated by formula. These concentrations of heavy metals, pH and TDS were compared with the standards set by WHO. RESULTS: Concentrations of lead and nickel were found to be significantly elevated as compared to WHO recommended levels in all the three sources of water (Piped water, Hand pump water and Tanker water supply). Chromium was found to be raised in hand pump water. Arsenic and Mercury were not detected in any source of water. Copper, iron, manganese, cadmium and zinc were found to be within the safe limits in all the three sources of water. pH was found to be within the range of WHO recommended level in all the three sources of water. TDS was found to be elevated in hand pump water and tanker water. CONCLUSION: Concentrations of lead and nickel were found to be significantly elevated as compared to WHO recommended levels in all the three sources of water in district East of Karachi. Descriptors arsenic, heavy metal, article, human, Pakistan, water supply Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Jaleel,M. A., Noreen,R., Baseer,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comprehensive determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Chinese herbal medicines by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry	2015	Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. Anal.Bioanal Chem. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 407 Issue 7 Start Page 1989 Other Pages 1997 Notes LR: 20160512; JID: 101134327; 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 2014/10/17 [received]; 2015/01/05 [accepted]; 2014/12/19 [revised]; 2015/01/31 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1618-2650; 1618-2642 Accession Number PMID: 25636228 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s00216-015-8463-2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25636228 Abstract A simple and highly sensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method combined with solid-phase extraction cleanup was established for the comprehensive determination of 16 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in various kinds of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs). A solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification strategy, including three parallel procedures, was developed depending on sample type, and satisfactory purification performances were achieved for all selected CHMs. The limits of detection ranged from 0.12 to 1.08 mug kg(-1) for the analyzed PAHs. The average recoveries were in the range of 65.9 % to 100.8 %, except for naphthalene (43.8 %-75.9 %), and the relative standard deviations were =12.8 %. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of PAHs in 24 CHMs including five roots, three stems, four flowers, two fruits, four seeds, three leaves, and three barks. In the samples analyzed, all 16 PAHs are present. Their sum ranges from 21.1 to 2236.3 mug kg(-1). The entire procedure was shown to be effective and conveniently fast, and may serve as an alternative screening protocol for the determination of PAHs in CHMs. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cui,Z., Ge,N., Zhang,A., Liu,Y., Zhang,J., Cao,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150131 PMCID Editors
Compliance work for food contact materials: feasibility of the legally required safety assessment of an epoxy/amine-based coating for domestic water pipe restoration	2014	a Kantonales Labor Zurich (Official Food Control Authority) , Fehrenstrasse 15, CH-8032 Zurich , Switzerland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food additives & contaminants.Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment Periodical, Abbrev. Food Addit Contam.Part A.Chem.Anal.Control.Expo.Risk Assess. Pub Date Free Form Volume 31 Issue 7 Start Page 1310 Other Pages 1323 Notes JID: 101485040; 0 (Amines); 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/05/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1944-0057; 1944-0057 Accession Number PMID: 24761990 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1080/19440049.2014.916421 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24761990 Abstract Options were explored for fulfilling the legally required safety assessment for a widely applied epoxy/amine coating used for restoring corroded domestic drinking water supply systems. The coating was made up of two components mixed shortly before application, the first mainly consisting of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), the second of various amines. The analytically identified starting substances were all authorised, but only constituted a small proportion of the low molecular mass material left after curing and potentially migrating into water. Reaction products synthesised from constituents of the starting components (expected oligomers) could not be eluted from GC even after derivatisation, indicating that standard GC-MS screening would miss most potential migrants. They were detectable by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) after acetylation. HPLC with MS or fluorescence detection was possible for constituents including a BADGE moiety, but phenalkamines could not be detected with adequate sensitivity. Possibilities for determining long-term migration relevant for chronic toxicity are discussed. Analysis in water shortly after application of the coating overestimates migration if migration decreases over time and requires detection limits far out of reach. Analysis of a solvent extract of the coating is easier and provides an upper estimate of what could migrate into the drinking water over the years. However, to satisfy the regulatory requirements, components of the complex mixture need to be identified at lower proportions than those accessible. In vitro testing of the whole mixture for genotoxicity is expected to fail because of the required sensitivity and the glycidyl functions probably wrongly resulting in positive tests. The difficulties in dealing with this situation are discussed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tillner,J., Grob,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140528 PMCID Editors
Compliance to the smoke-free law in Guatemala 5-years after implementation	2016	Research Department, Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of Guatemala, 9th Avenue, 8-00, Zone 11, 01011, Guatemala City, Guatemala. jbarnoya@post.harvard.edu.; Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 66	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 12-Apr Volume 16 Issue Start Page 318 Other Pages 016-2960-x Notes LR: 20160505; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4852414; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/10/10 [received]; 2016/03/15 [accepted]; 2016/04/12 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 27138959 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-016-2960-x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27138959 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoke-free environments decrease smoking prevalence and consequently the incidence of heart disease and lung cancer. Due to issues related to poor enforcement, scant data is currently available from low/middle income countries on the long-term compliance to smoke-free laws. In 2006, high levels of secondhand smoke (SHS) were found in bars and restaurants in Guatemala City. Six months after a smoking ban was implemented in 2009, levels significantly decreased. However, in 2010, poor law compliance was observed. Therefore, we sought to assess long-term compliance to the ban using SHS measurements. METHODS: In 2014 we assessed SHS exposure using airborne nicotine monitors in bars (n = 9) and restaurants (n = 12) for 7 days using the same protocol as in 2006 and in 2009. Nicotine was measured using gas-chromatography (mug/m(3)) and compared to levels pre- (2006) and post-ban (2009). Employees responded to a survey about SHS exposure, perceived economic impact of the ban and customers' electronic cigarette use. In addition, we estimated the fines that could have been collected for each law infringement. RESULTS: Most (71 %) venues still have a smoking section, violating the law. The percentage of samples with detectable nicotine concentrations was 100, 85 and 43 % in 2006, 2009 and 2014, respectively. In bars, median (25(th) and 75(th) percentiles) nicotine concentrations were 4.58 mug/m(3) (1.71, 6.45) in 2006, 0.28 (0.17, 0.66) in 2009, and 0.59 (0.01, 1.45) in 2014. In restaurants, the corresponding medians were 0.58 mug/m(3) (0.44, 0.71), 0.04 (0.01, 0.11), and 0.01 (0.01, 0.09). Support for the law continues to be high (88 %) among bar and restaurant employees. Most employees report no economic impact of the law and that a high proportion of customers (78 %) use e-cigarettes. A total of US$50,012 could have been collected in fines. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term compliance to the smoking ban in Guatemala is decreasing. Additional research that evaluates the determinants of non-compliance is needed and could also contribute to improve enforcement and implementation of the smoke-free law in Guatemala. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Barnoya,J., Monzon,J.C., Briz,P., Navas-Acien,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160412 PMCID PMC4852414 Editors
Competitive adsorption of chloroform and iron ion onto activated carbon fiber	1999	Tanada, S., Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Kowake, Osaka 577-8502, Japan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of colloid and interface science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Colloid Interface Sci. Pub Date Free Form 1999/12 Volume 220 Issue 2 Start Page 406 Other Pages 409 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0021-9797 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Chloroform in tap water has been a significant problem because it may be a carcinogenic substituent. Iron ion exists in tap water because of dissolution from iron water pipes. Iron ions in tap water cause discoloration and a bad odor. The isotherms of chloroform and iron ion adsorption onto activated carbon fibers in a single solution (chloroform or iron ion) and in a binary mixture solution (chloroform and iron ion) were investigated to estimate the competitiveness between chloroform and iron ions. The amount of adsorbed iron ions increased with increasing pore volume of the activated carbon fibers, while that of chloroform decreased. The amount of chloroform adsorbed onto the activated carbon fibers in the binary mixture solution was greater than that in the single solution. These results indicate that the adsorption of chloroform and iron ion onto activated carbon fibers could be competitive. Descriptors activated carbon, chloroform, iron, tap water, adsorption, article, chemical reaction kinetics, controlled study, fiber, priority journal, surface property Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Uchida,M., Ito,S., Kawasaki,N., Nakamura,T., Tanada,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Compartmental analysis of metals in waterpipe smoking technique	2015	Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, P.O. Box 35247, Amman, 11180, Jordan. akeel.alkazwini@gju.edu.jo.; Scientific Research Centre, Applied Science Sector, Royal Scientific Society, Amman,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 18-Feb Volume 15 Issue Start Page 153 Other Pages 015-1373-6 Notes LR: 20151111; JID: 100968562; 0 (Metals); 059QF0KO0R (Water); OID: NLM: PMC4335555; 2014/05/22 [received]; 2015/01/07 [accepted]; 2015/02/18 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 25884883 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-1373-6 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25884883 Abstract BACKGROUND: The number of waterpipe tobacco smokers has been increasing worldwide. Smokers can be exposed to a number of toxicants, some of which are metals. The aim of this study is to quantitatively determine if the water filtration stage of the waterpipe smoking process successfully decreases exposure to Bi, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, and U. METHODS: Four samples of commercially available tobacco (Moassel) were compared in terms of the total amount of metal contained within the fresh tobacco sample and the amount of metal distributed into each compartment of the waterpipe after a smoking session. RESULTS: For all metals analysed, the concentration of metal 'filtered' out during the water bubbling stage is around 3% (+/-1%) of the total metal. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that this small fraction would not protect the user against exposure to the majority of the potentially toxic metals. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Al-Kazwini,A.T., Said,A.J., Sdepanian,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150218 PMCID PMC4335555 Editors
Comparisons of three nicotine dependence scales in a multiethnic sample of young adult menthol and non-menthol smokers	2015	Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. Electronic address: pfagan@cc.hawaii.edu.; Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Can	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Apr Volume 149 Issue Start Page 203 Other Pages 211 Notes LR: 20160715; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: K01 CA148789/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA071789/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 CA159909/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 CA180934/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U54 MD007584/MD/NIMHD NIH Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 25744873 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25744873 Abstract BACKGROUND: Few studies have compared nicotine dependence among menthol and non-menthol cigarette smokers in a multiethnic sample of young adult daily cigarette smokers. This study examines differences in nicotine dependence among menthol and non-menthol daily smokers and the associations of nicotine dependence with quitting behaviors among Native Hawaiian, Filipino, and White cigarette smokers aged 18-35. METHODS: Craigslist.org, newspaper advertisements, and peer-to-peer referrals were used to recruit daily smokers (n = 186) into a lab-based study. Nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS), and the brief Wisconsin Inventory for Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM). Multiple regression analyses were used to examine differences in nicotine dependence between menthol and non-menthol smokers and the relationship between each nicotine dependence scale with self-efficacy to quit, quit attempt in the past 12 months, and number of attempts. RESULTS: Menthol smokers were more likely to report difficulty refraining from smoking in places where forbidden (p = .04) and had higher scores on social/environmental goads subscale of the WISDM (p = .0005). Two-way interaction models of the FTND and menthol status showed that menthol smokers with higher levels of dependence were more likely to have tried to quit smoking in the past 12 months (p = .02), but were less likely to have had multiple quit attempts (p = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Components of the FTND and WISDM distinguish levels of dependence between menthol and non-menthol smokers. Higher FTND scores were associated with having a quit attempt, but fewer quit attempts among menthol smokers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Fagan,P., Pohkrel,P., Herzog,T., Pagano,I., Vallone,D., Trinidad,D.R., Sakuma,K.L., Sterling,K., Fryer,C.S., Moolchan,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150214 PMCID PMC4865397 Editors

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