WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Selection of lactic acid bacteria from Brazilian kefir grains for potential use as starter or probiotic cultures	2015	Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Anaerobe Periodical, Abbrev. Anaerobe Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 32 Issue Start Page 70 Other Pages 76 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 9505216; 0 (RNA, Ribosomal); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/09/18 [received]; 2014/12/04 [revised]; 2014/12/22 [accepted]; 2014/12/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1095-8274; 1075-9964 Accession Number PMID: 25542841 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.12.007 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25542841 Abstract Brazilian kefir is a homemade fermented beverage that is obtained by incubating milk or a brown sugar solution with kefir grains that contribute their different microbiological compositions. It is highly important to isolate and characterize microorganisms from Brazilian kefir grains to obtain starter cultures for the industrial production of a standardized commercial kefir. Thus, the present study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria from eight kefir grains that were propagated in milk or sugar solutions from five different locations in Brazil and to select Lactobacillus isolates based on desirable in vitro probiotic properties. One hundred eight isolates from both substrates were identified by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and/or 16S rRNA gene sequencing and were determined to belong to the following 11 species from the genera: Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus (L.), and Oenococcus. Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus kefiri, and Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens were isolated only from milk grains, whereas Lactobacillus perolens, Lactobacillus parafarraginis, Lactobacillus diolivorans, and Oenococcus oeni were isolated exclusively from sugar water grains. When the microbial compositions of four kefir grains were evaluated with culture-independent analyses, L. kefiranofaciens was observed to predominant in milk grains, whereas Lactobacillus hilgardii was most abundant in sugar water kefir. Unfortunately, L. hilgardii was not isolated from any grain, although this bacteria was detected with a culture-independent methodology. Fifty-two isolated Lactobacilli were tested for gastric juice and bile salt tolerance, antagonism against pathogens, antimicrobial resistance, and surface hydrophobicity. Three Lactobacillus strains (L. kefiranofaciens 8U, L. diolivorans 1Z, and Lactobacillus casei 17U) could be classified as potential probiotics. In conclusion, several lactic acid bacteria that could be used in combination with yeasts as starter cultures for both milk kefir and sugar water kefir were characterized, and the functional properties of several of the lactobacilli isolated from the kefir grains were suggestive of their possible use as probiotics in both kefir and other dairy products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Zanirati,D.F., Abatemarco,M.,Jr, Sandes,S.H., Nicoli,J.R., Nunes,A.C., Neumann,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141224 PMCID Editors
Knowledge About E-Cigarette Constituents and Regulation: Results From a National Survey of U.S. Young Adults	2015	Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; asnsande@stanford.edu.; Center of Excellence in Cancer Communication Research, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA;;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 17 Issue 10 Start Page 1247 Other Pages 1254 Notes LR: 20151006; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: P20CA095856/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA067850/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA067850/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32 HL007034/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32-HL007034/HL/NHLBI N Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25542915 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu276 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25542915 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To examine young adults' knowledge of e-cigarette constituents and regulation and its association with product use and self-reported exposure to marketing. METHODS: Young adults (18-34 years, N = 1,247) from a U.S. web panel were surveyed in March 2014. Using multinomial logistic regressions, self-reported exposure to marketing was examined as a predictor of whether participants responded correctly (reference category), incorrectly, or "don't know" to four knowledge items-whether e-cigarettes contain nicotine, contain toxic chemicals, are regulated by government for safety, and are regulated for use as a cessation aid. Analyses adjusted for demographics and smoking status and were weighted to match the U.S. young adult population. RESULTS: Most respondents did not know if e-cigarettes, contain toxic chemicals (48%), are regulated for safety (61%), and are regulated as cessation aids (68%); fewer than 37% answered all of these items correctly. Current users of e-cigarettes (past 30 days) had a lower likelihood of being incorrect about safety testing (p = .006) and being regulated as a cessation aid (p = .017). Higher exposure to e-cigarette marketing was associated with a lower likelihood of responding "don't know" than being correct, and with a higher likelihood of being incorrect as opposed to correct about e-cigarettes containing nicotine. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge about e-cigarette constituents and regulation was low among young adults, who are the largest consumer group for these products. Interventions, such as warning labels or information campaigns, may be necessary to educate and correct misinformation about these products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Sanders-Jackson,A.N., Tan,A.S., Bigman,C.A., Henriksen,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141226 PMCID PMC4592338 Editors
E-Cigarette Market Trends in Traditional U.S. Retail Channels, 2012-2013	2015	Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University-School of Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ; d.giovenco@rutgers.edu.; Department of Health Studies, University of Waterloo-School of Public Health and Health Systems, Waterloo, ON, Canada;; Center for Tobacco	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 17 Issue 10 Start Page 1279 Other Pages 1283 Notes LR: 20151223; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: HHSN271201100027C/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Flavoring Agents); OID: NLM: PMC4683368 [Available on 10/01/16]; PMCR: 2016/10/01 00:00; 2014/09/04 [received]; 2014/12/11 [accepted]; 2014/12/26 [aheadof Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25542918 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu282 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25542918 Abstract INTRODUCTION: E-cigarette sales continue to increase in the United States. To date, little surveillance research has documented the specific product attributes driving growth. This study uses national market scanner data to describe sales trends in traditional U.S. tobacco retail channels between 2012 and 2013 and identifies product features associated with sales increases. METHODS: Data on e-cigarette sales in convenience stores, drug stores, grocery stores, and mass merchandisers in the United States were obtained from the Nielsen Company. Each product was coded for attributes such as brand, flavor, and unit size. Total sales volume, market share, and percent growth were calculated for various product attributes. RESULTS: E-cigarette sales more than doubled between 2012 and 2013, from $273.6 million to $636.2 million, respectively. Growth was particularly strong in the convenience store channel. Blu eCigs quickly emerged as the best-selling brand and in 2013 constituted nearly half (44.1%) of overall sales. Although fruit-flavored and other flavored products experienced marked growth, unflavored and menthol e-cigarettes overwhelmingly dominated the market. Sales of single unit products (likely disposable e-cigarettes) increased by 216.4%, a much faster rate than multi-unit packs and cartridge refills. CONCLUSIONS: In traditional U.S. retail channels, particularly the convenience store channel, sales of e-cigarettes continue to grow, with brands like blu and disposable products as the likely drivers. Given the rapidly-changing market, expanded surveillance is needed to monitor sales not only in traditional retail locations, but sales online and in specialty "vape shops," as well. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Giovenco,D.P., Hammond,D., Corey,C.G., Ambrose,B.K., Delnevo,C.D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141226 PMCID PMC4683368 Editors
Assessing and Predicting Susceptibility to Waterpipe Tobacco Use Among College Students	2015	Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC; isaac.lipkus@duke.edu.; Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC;; Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC;; De	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 17 Issue 9 Start Page 1120 Other Pages 1125 Notes LR: 20150826; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: R01 CA141643/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA141643/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC4542741 [Available on 09/01/16]; PMCR: 2016/09/01 00:00; 2014/06/30 [received]; 2014/12/15 [acce Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25542922 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu336 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25542922 Abstract INTRODUCTION: College youth susceptible to waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) represent an important target to intervene upon in order to prevent their uptake of this product. This study examined the performance of a 4-item susceptibility measure to WTS to predict future waterpipe use and correlates of susceptibility. METHODS: A cohort of college students from 11 university campuses in North Carolina and Virginia completed an online survey in 2012 and again in 2013 that assessed WTS susceptibility and subsequent waterpipe use. Tobacco use, marijuana use, binge drinking, and sensation seeking were also assessed. RESULTS: Overall, 964 students who reported having never used waterpipe tobacco in 2012 completed the online surveys both years. Overall, about 27% of college youth were susceptible to WTS each year. Participants susceptible in 2012 were 2.5 times more likely to report having used waterpipe tobacco the subsequent year than non-susceptible participants after controlling for significant correlates of waterpipe use. Correlates of susceptibility were: being male, past 30 day cigarette smoking, use of other tobacco products, binge drinking and marijuana use, as well as higher sensation seeking. CONCLUSIONS: A 4-item WTS susceptibility measure predicts future WTS. This measure can be used to identify and intervene upon susceptible college youth to curb further exploration of WTS. Indeed, a nontrivial proportion of college students found susceptible go on to use waterpipe tobacco within a year. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Lipkus,I.M., Reboussin,B.A., Wolfson,M., Sutfin,E.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141226 PMCID PMC4542741 Editors
Reproductive toxicity to male mice of nose only exposure to water- pipe smoke	2015	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, Oman.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology Periodical, Abbrev. Cell.Physiol.Biochem. Pub Date Free Form Volume 35 Issue 1 Start Page 29 Other Pages 37 Notes JID: 9113221; 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Estrogens); 0 (Leptin); 0 (VEGFR2 protein, mouse); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone); 9002-67-9 (Luteinizing Hormone); EC 2.7.10.1 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2); EC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phospha Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1421-9778; 1015-8987 Accession Number PMID: 25547785 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1159/000369672 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25547785 Abstract BACKGROUND/AIMS: Water-pipe smoking (WPS) is popular in the Middle East and is starting to gain popularity in several Western countries as well. It is widely and erroneously perceived to be less harmful than other forms of tobacco use. The reproductive adverse effects of cigarette smoking have been studied before with conflicting results, but data on the possible adverse reproductive effects of WPS are lacking. Here, we assessed the effects of nose-only exposure to mainstream WPS generated by commercially available honey-flavored "moasel" tobacco in mice. METHODS: The duration of the session was 30 min/day for one month. Control mice were exposed to air. Twenty-four h after the last exposure, mice were killed and the testes and plasma removed for analysis. In testicular homogenates total protein, alkaline phosphatase activity, several indices of oxidative damage and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) were quantified. The plasma concentrations of leptin, testosterone, estrogen and luteinizing hormone (LH) were also measured. Histological analysis of testes and lungs was also conducted. RESULTS: WPS caused statistically significant decreases in the plasma concentrations of leptin, testosterone, and LH, and in the concentrations of total protein and the antioxidant indices measured. A statistically non-significant decrease in VEGFR2 protein in the WPS--exposed mice compared to the control mice was also found. The body and testicular weights of mice exposed to WPS, as well as their testicular alkaline phosphatase activity and light microscopic histology, and plasma estrogen concentration were all not significantly affected by WPS. CONCLUSION: Further studies on the functional implications of these findings in mice exposed to WPS for longer durations are warranted. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ali,B.H., Adham,S.A., Al Balushi,K.A., Shalaby,A., Waly,M.I., Manoj,P., Beegam,S., Yuvaraju,P., Nemmar,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150102 PMCID Editors
Consumption patterns and biomarkers of exposure in cigarette smokers switched to Snus, various dissolvable tobacco products, Dual use, or tobacco abstinence	2015	R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.; R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.; R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: borgerm@rjrt.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP Periodical, Abbrev. Regul.Toxicol.Pharmacol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 71 Issue 2 Start Page 186 Other Pages 197 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8214983; 0 (Biomarkers); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/09/03 [received]; 2014/11/25 [revised]; 2014/12/19 [accepted]; 2014/12/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0295; 0273-2300 Accession Number PMID: 25549549 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.016 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25549549 Abstract The objectives of this clinical study were to evaluate changes in tobacco product use behavior and levels of selected biomarkers of exposure (BOEs) for smokers who switched to one of six conditions during clinical confinement: exclusive use of; Camel Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs, controlled Dual use of cigarettes and Camel Snus, or tobacco abstinence. The controlled Dual use (DU) condition mandated a 60% reduction in cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). 167 healthy U.S. male and female smokers were randomized to the six groups (n=25-30/group). Subjects smoked their usual brand of cigarette for 1 day prior to switching to their designated intervention condition. Levels of thirty-two BOEs in plasma, whole blood, urine and feces were determined before and after switching. Questionnaires that scored nicotine dependence and withdrawal discomfort were also administered. After 5 days, exclusive Snus, Sticks, Strips, or Orbs use averaged 6.1, 5.9, 13.5, and 8.5 units/day, respectively. DU subjects smoked 7.6 CPD and used 3.2 Snus pouches/day, on average. After 5 days, substantial reductions of most biomarkers, including nicotine, were observed in all groups. Toxicant exposures were similar to being tobacco abstinent after switching exclusively to Camel Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs. DU reductions were more modest. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Krautter,G.R., Chen,P.X., Borgerding,M.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141227 PMCID Editors
Waterpipe tobacco smoking may undermine the progress made in curbing cigarette smoking	2014	Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, London W6 8RP, UK mohammed.jawad06@imperial.ac.uk.; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, London W6 8RP, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMJ (Clinical research ed.) Periodical, Abbrev. BMJ Pub Date Free Form 31-Dec Volume 349 Issue Start Page g7761 Other Pages Notes JID: 8900488; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1756-1833; 0959-535X Accession Number PMID: 25552461 Language eng SubFile Letter; AIM; IM DOI 10.1136/bmj.g7761 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25552461 Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jawad,M., Millett,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141231 PMCID Editors
Crystal structure of 3-[({2-[bis-(2-hy-droxy-benz-yl)amino]-eth-yl}(2-hy-droxy-benz-yl)amino)-meth-yl] -2-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzaldehyde	2014	Depto. de Quimica - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.; Depto. de Quimica - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 21-Nov Volume 70 Issue Pt 12 Start Page 562 Other Pages 565 Notes LR: 20150113; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC4257411; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/12/01 [ecollection]; 2014/10/29 [received]; 2014/11/06 [accepted]; 2014/11/21 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 25552993 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536814024465 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25552993 Abstract The non-symmetric title mol-ecule, C32H34N2O5, is based on a tetra-substituted ethyl-enedi-amine backbone. The mol-ecular structure consists of three hy-droxy-benzyl groups and one 2-hy-droxy-5-methyl-benzaldehyde group bonded to the N atoms of the di-amine unit. The ethyl-enedi-amine skeleton shows a regular extended conformation, while the spatial orientation of the phenol arms is governed by hydrogen bonds. In the 2-hy-droxy-5-methyl-benzaldehyde group, an intra-molecular S(6) O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bond is observed between the alcohol and aldehyde functions, and the neighbouring phenol arm participates in an intra-molecular S(6) O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bond. The third phenol group is involved in a bifurcated intra-molecular hydrogen bond with graph-set notation S(6) for O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN and O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO intra-molecular hydrogen bonds between neighbouring amine and phenol arms, respectively. Finally, the fourth phenol group acts as an acceptor in a bifurcated intra-molecular hydrogen bond and also acts as donor in an inter-molecular hydrogen bond, which connects inversion-related mol-ecules into dimers with R 4 (4)(8) ring motifs. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fonseca,A.S., Bortoluzzi,A.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141121 PMCID PMC4257411 Editors
Dependence levels in users of electronic cigarettes, nicotine gums and tobacco cigarettes	2015	Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: Jean-Francois.Etter@unige.ch.; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Dept. of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, U	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Feb Volume 147 Issue Start Page 68 Other Pages 75 Notes LR: 20160701; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: P50 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7513587; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); NIHMS797376; OID: NLM: NIHMS797376; OID: NLM: PMC4920051; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/08/28 [re Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 25561385 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.007 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25561385 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess dependence levels in users of e-cigarettes, and compare them with dependence levels in users of nicotine gums and tobacco cigarettes. DESIGN: Self-reports from cross-sectional Internet and mail surveys. Comparisons of: (a) 766 daily users of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes with 30 daily users of nicotine-free e-cigarettes; (b) 911 former smokers who used the e-cigarette daily with 451 former smokers who used the nicotine gum daily (but no e-cigarette); (c) 125 daily e-cigarette users who smoked daily (dual users) with two samples of daily smokers who did not use e-cigarettes (2206 enrolled on the Internet and 292 enrolled by mail from the general population of Geneva). We used the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence, the nicotine dependence syndrome scale, the cigarette dependence scale and versions of these scales adapted for e-cigarettes and nicotine gums. RESULTS: Dependence ratings were slightly higher in users of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes than in users of nicotine-free e-cigarettes. In former smokers, long-term (>3 months) users of e-cigarettes were less dependent on e-cigarettes than long-term users of the nicotine gum were dependent on the gum. There were few differences in dependence ratings between short-term (=3 months) users of gums or e-cigarettes. Dependence on e-cigarettes was generally lower in dual users than dependence on tobacco cigarettes in the two other samples of daily smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Some e-cigarette users were dependent on nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, but these products were less addictive than tobacco cigarettes. E-cigarettes may be as or less addictive than nicotine gums, which themselves are not very addictive. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Etter,J.F., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141218 PMCID PMC4920051 Editors
Dual use of smokeless tobacco or e-cigarettes with cigarettes and cessation	2015	Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Center for	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Health Behavior Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Behav. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 39 Issue 2 Start Page 277 Other Pages 284 Notes LR: 20160301; GR: R01 CA141661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA141661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32HP19025/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 9602338; NIHMS691065; OID: NLM: NIHMS691065; OID: NLM: PMC4472731; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1945-7359; 1087-3244 Accession Number PMID: 25564840 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.5993/AJHB.39.2.14 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25564840 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To evaluate predictors of dual use of cigarettes with smokeless tobacco or e-cigarettes. METHODS: Adult smokers (N = 1324) completed online cross-sectional surveys. Logistic regression evaluated predictors of dual use and cigarette quit attempts. RESULTS: Smokeless tobacco dual use was associated with past attempts to quit smoking by switching to smokeless products. E-cigarette dual use was associated with using stop-smoking medication and strong anti-tobacco industry attitudes. Ever use of stop-smoking medication was associated with quit attempts among dual e-cigarette users and cigarette-only users. CONCLUSIONS: Dual users are more likely than cigarette-only users to endorse certain cessation-related attitudes and behaviors. This may provide an opportunity for clinicians or others to discuss evidence-based strategies for smoking cessation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kalkhoran,S., Grana,R.A., Neilands,T.B., Ling,P.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4472731 Editors

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